Motorcycle Lane Research Articles

Road Safety Services of a Transport Service Provider: Basis for an Operational Manual

For all users of the road, road safety is crucial. Everyone is concerned about it because of the dramatic increase in the number of vehicles on the road in recent years, road safety has become even more crucial. According to a 2014 World Health Organization research, motorcycle riders account for more than half of all fatalities in traffic incidents. At 19%, pedestrians make up the second-highest percentage of road user fatalities, after four-wheeled vehicle drivers (14%), and their passengers (11%). If there are road safety services in place and followed to reduce the high risk of accidents on most Philippine highways and roads, then accidents may be prevented. Many traffic incidents that occur these days include trucks, buses, and motorcyclists. Even when they are not in the official motorcycle lanes, most motorbikes would overtake as often as possible to escape heavy traffic because these vehicles tend to travel through even the steepest parts of the road. This situation may result in a collision between a motorcycle and a high-wheeled vehicle. This study employed the descriptive developmental method of research using the questionnaire in gathering the respondents’ assessment on the road safety services of a transport safety provider.

The Performance of the Exclusive Motorcycle Lane (EMCL) in Reducing Fatal Crashes Among Motorcyclists after 20 Years of Operation

When the first exclusive motorcycle lane (EMCL) was built in the early 70s, and after it was entirely built along Kuala Lumpur to Klang in 1993, it was studied to be very effective in preventing crashes by up to 34%. However, that was more than 20 years ago. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the current EMCL in terms of its potential to reduce fatal crashes among motorcyclists, its fatal risk factors, and its benefit-to-cost ratio to the government. This study uses secondary data from the Royal Police of Malaysia (PDRM) and primary data from the second Penang Bridge highway. The results show that EMCL is still an effective measure to reduce the fatalities among motorcyclists, with an effectiveness rate of 74% fatal reduction and a benefit-to-cost ratio of four times to the government. This study also finds that motorcyclists riding along EMCL who are not under substance influence, motorcyclists travelling during daytime and weekends (Saturdays and Sundays), and EMCL that are situated along Urban and EMCL with unpaved shoulders are predicted to be risky. However, when measured with traffic volume, EMCL may or may not be effective when evaluated based on the number of its utilisation or exposure. In conclusion, EMCL will save motorcyclists' lives and perform in the long term, albeit with strict enforcement of its usage and proper maintenance to accommodate safe motorcycle travel.

Motorcyclists Preferred Lane Position on Federal Roads in Malaysia

Motorcycle fatalities comprised of 60% of the total fatalities in Malaysia. Weaving between traffic and speeding are among the contributors to the high motorcycle fatalities and there is not much understanding of the. This study was conducted with the objective to determine the lane preference of motorcyclists within various road cross-section and speed of motorcyclists when using the lanes. The lane usage was recorded with video camera and video was playback to count the count of motorcyclists using their respective lane. As for speed of motorcyclists, spot speed measurement was conducted covertly to avoid affecting motorcyclists’ behaviour. A total of 11 locations with different cross-section designs throughout the Malaysia was identified for observation. The empirical results show that more than 95% of the motorcyclists travelled on the non-exclusive motorcycle lane (NEML) when the NEML is presence at 2 lane single carriageway section. Meanwhile, paved shoulder about 2.2-2.3m wide was found to be used by majority of motorcyclists (75%). Apart from obtaining the lateral travel position of the motorcyclists, the spot speed data were also collected. The speed results revealed that motorcyclists travelled statistical significantly slower on NEML or Paved shoulder (PS) than on main travel lane. The findings of this study conclude that NEML and paved shoulder can affect motorcyclists to ride slower and thus enhance the safety of motorcyclists in term of speed exposure. In addition, the NEML and PS separate motorcyclists from other motorized vehicles which could reduce the risk of crashes of motorcyclists with another vehicle. Even though provision of NEML incurs high costs, however in long term, NEML would prove to be one of the most efficient allocation resources in reducing motorcycle crashes. However, further studies need to be carried out on the use of paved shoulder by motorcyclists.

Feasibility Study of a Motorcycle Lane: Evaluation of Travel Time and Delay Impacts at New Baneshwor Intersection

Like many South Asian countries, Nepal can be identified as a “Motorcycle Dependent Country” as the chief mode of transportation on the urban streets of Nepal compromises of Motorcycles for their daily commute. With inefficient public transportation, haphazard lane discipline, and easy accessibility and mobility of PTW, there is a rising dependence on PTW. The risk of life that comes with this dependence is also increasing in the urban streets of the country. Therefore, this research proposes Motorcycle Lanes as a measure to reduce congestion and create a risk-free riding environment. Three scenarios– a) Considering Dedicated motorcycle lanes b) Excluding right turning traffic into dedicated motorcycle lanes c) Dedicated motorcycle lanes only for two intersection legs Maitighar-Tinkune and Tinkune-Maitighar have been proposed, analyzed and compared with base data to measure the efficiency of motorcycle lanes at the New-Baneshwor intersection. The feasibility of those scenarios was checked based on traffic volume, Q-length, and vehicle delay with base data obtained from simulation in VISSIM. It was observed that difficult turning movements, unpredictable riding behavior and signal phases rendered the lanes unfeasible. A need for a holistic approach to address current and future traffic conditions as PTW are poised to experience a high upswing in foreseeable future is an essence.

Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to the Analysis of Variations in Attitudes toward Exclusive Motorcycle Lanes

The purpose of this paper was to test the differences in attitudes influencing motorcyclists' behavioural expressions of motorcycle lane use as classified by demographic data and attitude factors from an application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) comprised of four factors: Attitude toward use, Subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and Behaviour intention. A questionnaire study of 1,004 motorcyclists in Nakhon Ratchasima province was conducted. Independent t-tests, One-Way ANOVA were used to analyze differences between motorcyclists' demographic data and components in the Theory of Planned Behavior. The findings revealed that different age groups and income levels had significantly different effects on perceived behavior control and behavior intention to use motorcycle lanes. While there were considerable differences in indications of attitude toward use and perceived norms across educational levels. Furthermore, perceived behavior control and behavior intention differed significantly across urban and rural areas, including driver's license status. Differences in location zone subjective norms, as well as attitudes toward the use of different driver's license statuses

Enhancing Urban Mobility: Exploring the Potential of Exclusive Motorcycle Lane Using VISSIM

Enhancing Urban Mobility: Exploring the Potential of Exclusive Motorcycle Lane Using VISSIM

Effect of Traffic Lights Countdown Timer and Motorcycle Lanes as an Approach to the Red Box for Motorcycles in Bali Island

The development of red boxes for motorcycles in Indonesia was initially adopted from the advanced stop line (ASL) for bicycles. The bike box concept was adopted for motorcycles in Indonesia. To date, red boxes have been fully implemented in 21 cities in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of traffic light countdown timers and motorcycle lanes as an approach to the red box for motorcycles at signalized intersections. There were four locations studied in Denpasar Bali, i.e., red boxes with countdown timer only (Condition 1), red boxes with motorcycle lane only (Condition 2), red boxes with countdown timer and motorcycle lane (Condition 3), and red boxes without countdown timer and without motorcycle lane (Condition 4). The analysis results based on motorcycle volume data indicate that a countdown timer has a significant effect in increasing motorcycle acceleration when the green light starts, reducing the possibility of motorized vehicles other than motorcycles stopping in the red box area and reducing stop line violations while waiting during a red light. Meanwhile, the presence of a motorcycle lane as an approach lane to enter the red box area has a significant influence on increasing the occupancy of the red box by motorcycles. In addition, the correlation test shows that the countdown timer has a strong correlation with the occupancy of the red box to capacity and to stop line violation. Meanwhile, the level of traffic flow is strongly correlated with the countdown timer and motorcycle lane.

Provision Impact Analysis of Motorcycle Exclusive Lanes on the Performance of Road Sections Using the Method MKJI 1997 and Vissim Software

Purpose: This study aims to determine the performance of the road before and after the provision of motorcycle lanes. It also aims to determine the lane effect on vehicle speed and alternative solutions.
 Design/methodology/approach: In this study, MKJI 1997 and Vissim Software were used as the research methods.
 Findings: The results of the existing road performance showing that the vehicle speed, DS, and level of service were 38.66 km/h, 0.84, and D, respectively. This indicated that the provision of motorcycle lanes was effective in improving road performance, due to the level of service for the LV and HV lanes increasing from D to B, with a speed increasing from 36.99 km/h to 40.25 km/h. The results showed that the level of service for the motorcycle lane increased from D to C and the vehicle speed was 49.92 km/h. While the level of service for LV and HV lanes being consistent with B and the vehicle speed was 40,04 km/h.
 Research limitations/implications: The level of service for the motorcycle lanes decreased from D to F with the speed decreased from 46.13 km/h to 41.23 km/h, subsequently indicating that the alternative solution was to widen the motorcycle lane.
 Practical implications: Margonda Road is one of the congestion points in Depok City. Margonda Road connecting Depok and Jakarta. The composition of motorcycles on Margonda Road reach more than 80% of the traffic flow. This conditions has an impact on decrease the road performance. In this study, the provision of motorcycle lanes will be carried out using the Vissim Software simulation, where the application of lanes is considered to be the solution to this problem.
 Originality/value: This paper is original
 Paper type: a Research Paper

Review of Post-Licence Motorcycle Rider Training in New South Wales

Fully licensed motorcyclists represented over two thirds of riders killed on New South Wales (NSW) roads from 2010 – 2014. An ongoing need to address crash risks among this cohort is recognised and there is strong support for post-licence rider training (PLRT) among rider advocates and stakeholders. This research, commissioned by Transport for NSW, examined the PLRT environment in NSW to assess the extent to which courses targeted specific rider skills and competencies. Before commencement of this research, key riding competencies were identified by Transport for NSW in consultation with motorcycle stakeholder groups, and included scanning, buffering, setting up brakes, basic motorcycle handling, cornering, and lane positioning. A desktop review of 40 available courses provided an overview of relevant course content, locations and costs. The review was supplemented by interviews with eight training providers to gather information on course structure, components, delivery, promotion and trainee characteristics. The collective information was used to identify which training options support riders’ risk management and promote improved safety outcomes. A wide range of courses was identified, and in most cases there was no standardised curriculum. Most courses appeared to support rider risk management and most also appeared to address roadcraft and defensive riding principles, albeit to varying degrees. Providers noted participant diversity in characteristics, needs and motivations for undertaking rider training, reflecting a need for a diverse range of course offerings including individualised training. Key groups were catered for including returning riders, female riders, inexperienced riders, commercial riders and aspirational racers.

PERENCANAAN LAJUR KHUSUS SEPEDA MOTOR PADA RUANG HENTI KHUSUS TERHADAP TINGKAT PELAYANAN SIMPANG BERSINYAL JAMBO TAPE

Special Stopping Space(RHK) is one of the facilities for motorcycles to stop at intersections during the red phase. RHK functions to separate motorbikes from other vehicles and is expected to reduce the obstacles that come from motorbikes. This Special Stop Room has been tested on a limited scale to support motorbike movement at signaled intersections in major cities in Indonesia. So far RHK at the Jambo Tape intersection has not been optimally functioning because there are still many motorcycle that cannot enter RHK. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of service on Jambo Tape Intersection. The research was carried out using the simulation method using VISSIM software. The advantage of VISSIM is that it can model simulations in the form of video and get the value of the queue length and the value of time delay just by inputting the data of vehicles passing through the intersection. Traffic volume data is taken on Monday and Wednesday with direct observations in the field. RHK is considered unable to function optimally because there are still many motorbikes that cannot enter RHK. The closure of access (RHK) by four-wheeled vehicles is one of the reasons. Therefore, this study aims to plan the dimensions of motorcycle lanes in Special Stop Space (RHK), and analyze the effect of the level of crossing services using VISSIM software simulation . The advantage of VISSIM is that it can model simulations in the form of video and get the value of the queue length and the value of time delay just by inputting the data of vehicles passing through the intersection. In this study, a survey was conducted to obtain traffic volume, local and geometric velocity. The highest length of the Queue is at arm C, which is on T. Hasan Dek road at 163.36 m. The highest vehicle average delay is 132.119 seconds, the service level category F is greater than 80 seconds. By applying a special route to RHK, the highest volume occurred on Jalan T. Nyak Arief with the existing volume on the T. Nyak Arief road arm at 437 to 520 two-wheeled vehicles / Hour on RHK conditions using motorcycle lanes.

Study of potential implementations for motorcycle lanes in Padang city

Currently, two-wheeled vehicles or motorcycle dominate more than 80% of motorized vehicles in Indonesia. In addition to low prices, these motorized vehicles are fuel efficient, have easier and faster mobilization. However, the large number of motorcycles results in complicated traffic operations and reduced levels of safety. Lanes separation is the best engineering solution to overcome this problem. The purpose of this study was to review the potential application of motorcycle lanes in the city of Padang, a case study on the Raya Ampang and By Pass roads. Collecting the primary data were conducted by Video Image Processor. Each road was carried out recording for 1 day during peak hours in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Analysis of road performance is based on the Highway Capacity Manual of Indonesia (MKJI) 1997 with the degree of saturation (DS) parameter. Road performance analysis is reviewed by comparing the existing conditions and the conditions in which the inclusive motorcycle lanes are applied. The results of the study show that both the Raya Ampang and By Pass streets is feasible to provide an inclusive lane or shared lanes for motorcycles—with a lane width of 3 meters. With motorcycle lane application scenarios, on the Raya Ampang street for non-motorcycles lanes, there is a 10.7% increase in road performance, while for By Pass road, the increase in road performance is 31.5%.

Evaluating Lateral Interactions of Motorized Two-Wheelers using Multi-Gene Symbolic Genetic Programming

Complex maneuvering patterns are typical of motorized two-wheelers (MTWs), and their widespread adoption in many countries has spurred a growing response from transport researchers to model their dynamic behavior realistically. Considering the increased vulnerability of MTW drivers in dense urban mixed traffic systems, proper evaluation and modeling of lateral interactions between the drivers/riders moving abreast need to be addressed. A proper investigation can essentially help in understanding the behavioral aspects of riders in accepting shorter lateral clearances, design of exclusive motorcycle lanes, improved reliability of microsimulation models, and safety evaluation of the riders in a cognitive architecture. The current study therefore attempts to develop a novel symbolic regression model using a multigene genetic programming algorithm to generate and evaluate lateral clearance models naturally from field data for MTW interactions at mid-block sections, data being collected using video recorders. A binary logit model is initially developed to investigate the factors associated with the riders’ decisions to accept critical lateral clearances. Considering highly non-linear variations in data, the symbolic regression models were further developed and a comparison with the existing linear regression based lateral clearance models indicated that the symbolic model could generalize the non-linear structure of the data realistically and performed significantly better than the existing models.

Evaluation of the implementation of the motorcycle lane based on the riding experience

Currently, two-wheeled vehicles or motorcycle dominate more than 80% of motorised vehicles in Indonesia. A large number of motorcycles result in complicated traffic operations and reduced levels of safety. Lanes separation is the best engineering solution to overcome this problem. Several cities in Indonesia have implemented special motorcycle lanes. The results of the study stated that this program was not successful. This paper tries to evaluate the application of motorcycle lanes in terms of the user’s riding experience. The Sleman Outer Ring Road in Yogyakarta which has implemented a special motorcycle lane is the location of this study. Data collection was carried out through online questionnaire interviews. Respondents provide answers on a choice of four (4) scales, namely, strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree. The method of analysis used for evaluating the use of a motorcycle lane is the descriptive statistical method and the chi-square test. Based on the experience of riding on an exclusive motorcycle lane, assessment of the special motorbike lane geometric and traffic flow is good.

Analysis Level of Motorcycle Discipline by Using the Use of Left Flow at Jl. Sudirman Metro City, Lampung

The high number of accidents on Jl. Sudirman Metro city in Lampung is caused by presence of mix traffic, as well as the absence of special treatment for vulnerable motorcycle users, resulting in conflict between motorbikes and other vehicles that have the potential to cause accident. This analysis was carried out to reduce the frequency of high accidents and fatalities due to accident on Jl. Sudirman, an analysis of motorbike lane requirements on Jl. Sudirman and speed management was conducted, one of which was speed limit determination. The analysis samples taken by 7 days survey from 6.00 am – 06.00 pm on Jl Sudirman Metro city Lampung. The result of the surveys showed the criteria for motorcycle lane determination criteria not suitable to implement on Jl. Sudirman segment if it is in accordance with specified indicator because the motorcycle traffic volume is less than 674 smp/hour and 2696 vehicle/hour. This paper indicates that survey analysis on motorcycle driver discipline by using of left flow at Jl. Sudirman Metro city Lampung was not significant. In order to reduce the frequency of high accident we need speed limiting guards with maximum speed 40 km/hours and the signs for motorcycle instruction using the left lane.

Level of service for roads with motorcycle lane or without motorcycle lane in Denpasar

Denpasar is the capital of Bali and the main gateway to the island. The increasing number of vehicles in Denpasar City reach 7 % annually. The negative impact of the high number of motorcycles is decrease of road performance, especially causing low travel speed and high potential of traffic conflict. To minimize that problem, motorcycle lane was applied to make homogeneity movement of motorcycles in the city of Denpasar. The methods by analysed of road performance on the motorcycle lanes by using MKJI 1997 (Indonesia Road Capacity Manual). The analysis shows that the application of motorcycle lane has an influence to improvement road traffic. That is indicated by the VCR value for road with motorcyle lane facilities are 0.42 and 0.54. Meanwhile without motorcycle lane is 0.34 and 0.43. The level of service on Puputan Rd, Cok Agung Tresna Rd and Sudirman Rd (north direction) is “B”. Its mean traffic flow is stable, but travel speed began to be limited by traffic conditions. Meanwhile on Sudirman Rd (south direction), the level is service mostly is C. Its mean Traffic flow is stable, but the travel speed and vehicle movement is controlled.

Analisis Persepsi Pengguna Lajur Khusus Sepeda Motor (Studi Kasus: Jalan Medan Merdeka Barat, DKI Jakarta)

Motorcycle lanes on Jalan Medan Merdeka Barat, DKI Jakarta aim to reduce traffic congestion and to minimize the occurrence of traffic accidents for motorbike rides. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of motorbike lanes based on perceptions of motorbike lane users. Analysis of perceptions of motorcycle lane users is based on questionnaire survey data using the Importance Peroformance Analysis (IPA) method. The questionnaire survey data collection was conducted by 100 respondents. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the special lane of the motorcycle is still not as expected by the user due to the many side barriers, parking vehicles and vehicles stopping at the motorcycle lane.

Motorcycle lane: how to judge if that is necessary

Malaysia has suffered great social and economic losses due to traffic injuries motorcyclists. Segregation of motorcyclists from other motorized traffic is one approach carried out in Malaysia. The non-exclusive motorcycle lane or NEMCL, is one facility provided along the major trunk roads to serve that purpose. However there are not many studies on the effectiveness of the facility thus far, especially in terms of providing justification to build the facility. This study attempted to examine the effectivess of NEMCL by estimating the numbers of killed and seriously injured (KSI) that could be saved with the provision of the facility. Crash statistics and several key road attributes were analysed for road segments with and without NEMCL using statistical regression. Negative binomial model developed in this study revealed that NEMCL is effective in reducing the crash risk of motorcyclists. Area type, proportion of motorcycles in the traffic and the presence of NEMCL were found to significantly influence the crash rates. The model was used to develop criteria to determine the cost effectiveness of providing NEMCL for existing roads and new road projects, based on the benefits and the costs invested to build and maintain the facility over a period of time.

Road surface condition monitoring system utilizing motorcycle (ROCOM) – System development, validation and field test

Motorcycles are the riskiest mode of travel in Malaysia, however motorcycles are also very sensitive to the road surface condition. Thus, by taking advantage of this, a system of applications that analyses motorcycle motion and mapped out risky road sections was developed, i.e. ROCOM. The system consists of three major components, i.e. acceleration data logger smart phone app, risk mapping web-based app and a visual tracking app utilizing the phone. ROCOM is able to detect adverse acceleration (> 2g) on the road surface similar to the High Accuracy GPS Data Logging for Vehicle Testing (VBOX). Risk mapping validation along a section of the motorcycle lane along Federal Route 2 shows that ROCOM have the similar risk-mapping pattern, but superior tracking capability that the VBOX. The pilot and field test results showed that ROCOM works best when mounting the smartphone on the motorcycle handle bar or basket, and with successful detection rate of 62% of various road anomalies. In the future, once the system is fully developed, ROCOM intends to give road authorities cheaper and faster alternative to inspect road surface condition and also through crowdsourcing, motorcyclists can be warned of risky road condition ahead of their path.

Use of continuous speed profiles to investigate motorcyclists’ speed choice along exclusive motorcycle lane

The occurrence of speed-related crashes on the exclusive motorcycle lanes in Malaysia is a matter of concern. This study sought to address this concern through the analyses of speed data collected using GPS-based instrumented motorcycles. Consenting motorcycle riders (N = 29) were asked to ride the instrumented motorcycles along a 20 km stretch of an exclusive motorcycle lane along Federal Highway 2 (F02) in the city of Shah Alam. Analyses of the continuous speed profiles revealed significant inputs regarding the exclusive motorcycle lane. The geometric design of the facility is currently allowing motorcyclists to travel with high overall traveling speeds, with frequent and potentially unexpected speed changes. The acceleration profiles on tangents revealed that the motorcyclists were able to reach a cruising speed in only 50.3% of the acceleration trips, whilst other trips were characterized by sudden and rapid changes in speeds. Further, deceleration profiles on tangents indicated that the participants rode onto the transition elements with high approach speeds. The findings of this study highlighted the risk of a crash due to high traveling speeds and large speed reduction, especially during frequent transitions between tangential sections and horizontal curves.

Assessment of Lane-Sharing Manoeuvrability and Risk Exposure Effect on Motorcycling in Nigeria

Motorcycle is becoming a very important mode of transport in most developing countries like Nigeria as a result of their easy accessibility to most local communities. However; due to their riding habits, motorcyclists now constitute larger percentage of fatal accidents on roads. This study is aimed at assessing the behaviour of motorcyclists on share lane with other motorised vehicles with the objective of determining the risks due to their exposure to crashes. Ilorin in Kwara State was selected as the study area, as most communities in this town are not accessible to good public transport system, thereby leaving commuters to depend solely on use of motorcycles for their daily trips. Field survey and questionnaire were used to collect necessary data. Three hundred consecutive motorcyclists were interviewed at ten selected locations (parking spots). The responses were analysed using SPSS v7.5 at the statistical significance p<0.05. The result found that due to motorcyclists’ body exposure during crash, lower leg are mostly affected with 38% value, followed by upper leg with 24% and head with 16% with remaining 22% as damaged only. This may warrant the need for provision of government of motorcycle lanes either with segregated travel lane or exclusively separated lane by the Federal government of Nigeria to form part of her safe road policy.