Power Consumption Of Motor Research Articles

전기추진선박의 전력품질 개선을 위한 리튬-이온 배터리 에너지저장시스템 적용

This paper explained the application of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system to electric propulsion ships. The power distribution in electric propulsion ships has low power quality because of the variation in the power consumption of the propulsion motor. For proper operation of the ship, the power quality needs to be improved, and the battery energy storage system is used to solve power-quality problems. The simulation models of electric propulsion ship and battery energy storage systems are constructed on MATLAB/Simulink to verify the improvement in power quality. The proposed system is applied in various scenarios of the propulsion motor state. The power quality achieved by using the battery energy storage system in both voltage and frequency satisfies the standards set by IEC-60092/101.

Simulation Analysis and In-Process Measurement of the Workpiece Temperature Distribution in Large Surface Grinding

In surface grinding, the shape error is occurred by the thermal deformation of a ground workpiece. To finish the workpiece with high accuracy, it is necessary to understand the temperature distribution of the workpiece during grinding process. However there is no study to analyze the temperature distribution of a large workpiece during surface grinding process. In this study, an advanced simulation analysis method of the temperature distribution for a large workpiece was developed. In the developed simulation analysis method, the temperature distribution was calculated from the power consumption of the wheel motor. The power consumption can be obtained easily without any specialized equipment. To evaluate the developed simulation analysis method, in-process measurement of the temperature distribution of a large workpiece was also carried out. A large workpiece ground in this study weights about 1.3 tons. The temperature distribution was measured with thermistors mounted in many places of the ground workpiece. At the area close to the grinding surface, it was found that temperature rises immediately after the passage of grinding wheel with measuring the developed in-process measurement system. On the other hand, at the area far from the grinding point, temperature does not change quickly. The in-process measured temperature distribution agreed well with the simulated results.

Design and Experimental Analysis of an Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine Generator

A vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) was positioned at the discharge outlet of a cooling tower electricity generator. To avoid a negative impact on the performance of the cooling tower and to optimize the turbine performance, the determination of the VAWT position in the discharge wind stream was conducted by experiment. The preferable VAWT position is where the higher wind velocity matches the positive torque area of the turbine rotation. With the proper matching among the VAWT configurations (blade number, airfoil type, operating tip-speed-ratio, etc.) and exhaust air profile, the turbine system was not only able to recover the wasted kinetic energy, it also reduced the fan motor power consumption by 4.5% and increased the cooling tower intake air flow-rate by 11%. The VAWT had a free running rotational speed of 479 rpm, power coefficient of 10.6%, and tip-speed-ratio of 1.88. The double multiple stream tube theory was used to explain the VAWT behavior in the non-uniform wind stream. For the actual size of a cooling tower with a 2.4 m outlet diameter and powered by a 7.5 kW fan motor, it was estimated that a system with two VAWTs (side-by-side) can generate 1 kW of power which is equivalent to 13% of energy recovery.

Thermodynamics cycle analysis and numerical modeling of thermoelastic cooling systems

To avoid global warming potential gases emission from vapor compression air-conditioners and water chillers, alternative cooling technologies have recently garnered more and more attentions. Thermoelastic cooling is among one of the alternative candidates, and have demonstrated promising performance improvement potential on the material level. However, a thermoelastic cooling system integrated with heat transfer fluid loops have not been studied yet. This paper intends to bridge such a gap by introducing the single-stage cycle design options at the beginning. An analytical coefficient of performance (COP) equation was then derived for one of the options using reverse Brayton cycle design. The equation provides physical insights on how the system performance behaves under different conditions. The performance of the same thermoelastic cooling cycle using NiTi alloy was then evaluated based on a dynamic model developed in this study. It was found that the system COP was 1.7 for a baseline case considering both driving motor and parasitic pump power consumptions, while COP ranged from 5.2 to 7.7 when estimated with future improvements.

English

In this study, an automatic fuzzy logic irrigation controller with two sensors, water pump, Brushless DC Motors (BLDC) has been designed and implemented in Khartoum Sudan. The motor was used for driving deep well pump which has been used for irrigation process. Optimum solar panels were selected according to calculated maximum power consumption of motors. The need of energy of BLDC Motors has been provided from solar panels and batteries. A DC-DC buck converter has been developed to feed motor and charge the batteries safely. The controller inputs come from soil moisture sensors and temperature sensor the output of the controller is on off signal to control dc motor and solenoid valves according to the plant needed.

Excitation Synchronous Wind Power Generators With Maximum Power Tracking Scheme

This paper presents a novel excitation synchronous wind power generator (ESWPG) with a maximum power tracking scheme. The excitation synchronous generator and servo motor rotor speed tracks the grid frequency and phase using the proposed coaxial configuration and phase tracking technologies. The generator output can thus be directly connected to the grid network without an additional power converter. The proposed maximum power tracking scheme governs the exciter current to achieve stable voltage, maximum power tracking, and diminishing servo motor power consumption. The system transient and static responses over a wide range of input wind power are examined using simulated software. Experimental results from a laboratory prototype ESWPG demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system.

Design of an exhaust air energy recovery wind turbine generator for energy conservation in commercial buildings

The exhaust air energy recovery wind turbine generator is an on-site clean energy generator that utilizes the advantages of discharged air which is strong, consistent and predictable. Two vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in cross-wind orientation which are integrated with an enclosure are installed above a cooling tower to harness the discharged wind for electricity generation. It is mounted at a specific distance and position above the cooling tower outlet. The enclosure (consisting of several guide-vanes and diffuser-plates) acts as a wind power-augmentation device to improve the performance of the VAWTs. The guide-vanes are placed in between the discharged air outlet and the wind turbine. They are designed to guide the on-coming wind stream to an optimum flow angle before it interacts with the rotor blades. The diffuser-plates are built extended from the outlet duct of the exhaust air system. They are tilted at an optimum angle to draw more wind and accelerate the discharged air flow. A particular concern related to public safety which may be due to blade failure is minimized since the VAWTs are contained inside the enclosure. The performance of the VAWTs and its effects on the cooling tower's air intake speed and current consumption of the power-driven fan were investigated. A laboratory test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the energy recovery wind turbine (5-bladed H-rotor with 0.3 m diameter) generator on a cooling tower model. The results showed a reduction in the power consumption of the fan motor for cooling tower with energy recovery turbine compared to the normal cooling tower while the intake air speed increased. Meanwhile, the VAWT's performance was improved by a 7% increase in rotational speed and 41% reduction in response time (time needed for the turbine to reach maximum rotational speed) with the integration of the enclosure. This system can be used as a supplementary power for building lighting or fed into electricity grid for energy demand in urban building. The energy output is predictable and consistent, allowing simpler design of the downstream system. The fact that there is an abundance of cooling tower applications and unnatural exhaust air resources globally causes this to have great market potential.

자전거 거치대 잠금장치의 부하시 효율개선을 위한 구동모터성능비교에 관한 연구

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Bicycle Locker System. Generally DC motor has been used to control a Bicycle Locker System, but DC motor system requires frequent maintenances and its power efficiency is comparatively poor especially under heavy load conditions. In order to improve this difficulties, this paper adopts BLDC motor for a Bicycle Locker System and its motor controller is developed. The performances of locker units are compared between DC motor unit and BLDC motor unit. The motor power consumptions between two motors are discussed. Test results verify that power efficiency of the suggested BLDC drive unit is considerably improved compared to the DC drive unit with load condition.

Modeling of a Rotary Blood Pump

The accurate representation of rotary blood pumps in a numerical environment is important for meaningful investigation of pump-cardiovascular system interactions. Although numerous models for ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been developed, modeling methods for rotary total artificial hearts (rTAHs) are still required. Therefore, an rTAH prototype was characterized in a steady flow, hydraulic test bench over a wide operational range for pump and hydraulic parameters. In order to develop a generic modeling method, a data-driven modeling approach was chosen. k-Nearest-neighbors, artificial neural networks, and support vector machines (SVMs) were the machine learning approaches evaluated. The best performing parameters for each algorithm were determined via optimization. The resulting multiple-input-multiple-output models were subsequently assessed under identical conditions, and a SVM with a radial basis function kernel was identified as the best performing. The achieved root mean squared errors were 0.03 L/min, 0.06 L/min, and 0.18 W for left and right flow and motor power consumption, respectively. In comparison with existing models for VADs, the flow errors are more than 70% lower. Further advantages of the SVM model are the robustness to measurement noise and the capability to operate outside of the trained parameter range. This proposed modeling method will accelerate further device refinements by providing a more appropriate numerical environment in which to evaluate the pump-cardiovascular system interaction.

Development of Secondary Controlled Hydraulic Pressure Forming of Sheet Metal for Energy Saving and Re-Utilization:

This paper presents the development of secondary controlled hydraulic pressure forming of sheet metal for both potential energy saving and electric motor power consumption reduction. Most of the reported existing pressure forming processes have limited pressure application and are mostly used for batch production. Above all, none of the existing processes use hydraulic accumulator and hydraulic transformer to save and reuse the energy or convert the system pressure and flow to the predetermined load requirement which could prevent wrinkling and fracture effect caused by low and unduly high pressure. Instead, most of the processes throttle excess fluid that is not required back to the reservoir thereby wasting excess motor energy as well as generating heat to the system. The resultant effect been the use of much energy during metal forming operation that leads to enormous financial lost to companies. It was as a result of these problems that the research was carried out. This development uses two secondary units (the hydraulic transformer) to transform a low pressure/high fluid flow into a high-pressure/low fluid flow. The use of variable speed drive (VSD) unit prevents pressure surges and ensures smooth starting and stopping of the machine. The hydraulic punch unit coupled to the hydraulic cylinder (ram) on a single action stroke performs the forming operation when the cylinder rams strikes. During ram retraction, the system saves and recycles both the hydraulic energy and generated heat back into the accumulator. The highly pressurized fluid generates a force of about (1500kN) which is used to power the punch piston for steel forming of thickness between 1.00mm-2.5mm. This operation leads to mass production of high strength, quality surface textured metallic parts within a second. The system simulation is performed using SIMULINK. The experimental results does not only agree with theoretical analysis but also appears to prove that the system is very efficient in energy saving and recuperation.

Application of Solar Powered Automatic Water Pumping in Turkey

 Abstract—In this study, an automatic drip irrigation of dwarf cherry trees system with solar powered Brushless DC Motors (BLDC) has been designed and implemented in Zile District of Tokat Province of Turkey. One of motor was used for driving deep well pump which has been utilized for the purpose of water storing to a pool. The other one was used for driving centrifugal pump which has been utilized for the purpose of transferring of water waited in pool to drip irrigation. Optimum solar panels were selected according to calculated maximum power consumption of motors. The need of energy of BLDC Motors has been provided from solar panels and batteries. Sun tracking system was used for increasing efficiency of system. A DC-DC buck converter has been developed to feed motor and charge the batteries safely. Automation of system was provided with RF modules, soil moisture sensors and solenoid valves.

Integration of Hybrid Energy System in Vehicle

The main purpose of this paper is to integrate and apply hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells as the major power system, which is combined with the auxiliary power system of a lead-acid battery in the hybrid fuel cell vehicles, and design and modify vehicle structure and a transmission system in order to improve stability and controllability. Furthermore, this study designs an appropriate power control system to increase vehicle travel time, reduce power consumption, and finally, integrate the hydrogen storage system into the power source of hybrid fuel cell vehicles for the development of energy-saving carbon-free transport vehicles. In general road surface driving tests, a low-pressure metallic hydrogen storage tank under the pressure of 0.5bar is used to provide 10g of hydrogen gas fuel to a 200W hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack as the major power source, and the auxiliary power source of two serially connected 12V 1.5Ah lead-acid batteries is used. The total weight of the hybrid hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power system is 1.3 kg. In the general road surface test of a hybrid hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell vehicle, the average driving speed is 11km/hr, the motor consumption power is 45W, and the travel time is 90 minutes. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell vehicle is equipped with a three-stage gear box, and is able to automatically shift to the desired gear. The maximum driving speed can be up to 20km/hr, with motor power consumption of 90W.

A soft computing system using intelligent imputation strategies for roughness prediction in deep drilling

A soft computing system used to optimize deep drilling operations under high-speed conditions in the manufacture of steel components is presented. The input data includes cutting parameters and axial cutting force obtained from the power consumption of the feed motor of the milling centres. Two different coolant strategies are tested: traditional working fluid and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). The model is constructed in three phases. First, a new strategy is proposed to evaluate and complete the set of available measurements. The primary objective of this phase is to decide whether further drilling experiments are required to develop an accurate roughness prediction model. An important aspect of the proposed strategy is the imputation of missing data, which is used to fully exploit both complete and incomplete measurements. The proposed imputation algorithm is based on a genetic algorithm and aims to improve prediction accuracy. In the second phase, a bag of multilayer perceptrons is used to model the impact of deep drilling settings on borehole roughness. Finally, this model is supplied with the borehole dimensions, coolant option and expected axial force to develop a 3D surface showing the expected borehole roughness as a function of drilling process settings. This plot is the necessary output of the model for its use under real workshop conditions. The proposed system is capable of approximating the optimal model used to control deep drilling tasks on steel components for industrial use.

30 kW Concentrator Photovoltaic System Using Dome-shaped Fresnel Lenses

A 30 kW concentrator photovoltaic power plant was constructed and has started operation with the following new technologies: A new Concentrating PhotoVoltaic (CPV) tracker developed for high wind area like Korea and Japan by Daido Steel. (The power consumption of the tracking motors was only 19.6 W, namely 0.07% of the rated power.) With improved optics that reduce the mismatch losses associated with optical aberrations, an efficiency of 25.8% was achieved under standard testing conditions (STC) even in a large 23.8 m(2) array size. A rapid installation sequence was developed. It was designed for long-term power supply to a local sewage center. Peak power corresponds to 10% of the demand. As a result, the system performance ratio was 0.87, and the capacity factor was 11.7%. The energy generation per rated power was 1,020 kWh/kWp. While it is true that CPV systems perform better in dry and high irradiance areas, our 30 kW system installed in a cloudy area like Japan, showed satisfactory performance.

Use of Zirconia Ceramic in the DexAide Right Ventricular Assist Device Journal Bearing

Our aim was to evaluate the potential use of zirconium oxide (zirconia) as a blood journal bearing material in the DexAide right ventricular assist device. The DexAide titanium stator was replaced by a zirconia stator in several blood pump builds, without changing the remaining pump hardware components. In vitro pump performance and efficiency were evaluated at a predetermined pump speed and flow. Motor power consumption decreased by 20%, and DexAide battery life was extended to over 12 h on two fully charged batteries. The zirconia stator was also successfully evaluated in a severe start/stop test pre- and postexposure of the zirconia to accelerated simulated biologic aging. This study's outcomes indicated the advantages of zirconia as an alternate journal bearing material for the DexAide device.

반송장치에서의 방향제어를 위한 DC모터와 STEP모터 제어기의 성능비교에 관한 연구

영구자석의 반발력을 이용한 반송장치에서 캐리어를 받아 다음 스테이션으로 방향을 전환해주기 위한 회전판의 제어를 수행하기 위한 제어기로서 적당한 모터의 선정을 위하여 두 가지 형태의 제어기를 만들고 이를 비교하여 최적의 제어기를 선정하고자 하였다. 즉 스텝모터를 사용한 마이크로스텝방식의 오픈루프 제어와 DC모터를 사용한 폐루프 제어방식의 DC서보 방향제어기를 설계하고 제작하였다. 이 두 방식의 방향제어기의 성능과 제어특성을 비교하였다.

Algorithm development for the pulsator VBFC machine unit simulation

Problems are considered for the motion equation drawing and examination of the machine unit of a pulsator vacuum battery type fiber condenser. The laws of variation of the electrical motor power consumption and of the netlike drum rotation non-uniformity depending on the system parameters are found.

Intraoperative Evaluation of the HeartMate II Flow Estimator

Direct measurement of blood flow output has been incorporated into ventricular assist devices (VADs), but long-term reliability of the additional device components has raised concerns regarding sensor drift and failure. As an alternative approach, the HeartMate II axial VAD (Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, CA) estimates device flow output from power consumption and rotational speed of the device motor. This study evaluated the accuracy of HeartMate II flow estimation at the time of implantation. In 20 patients, intraoperative blood flow measurement of the HeartMate II flow estimator was compared with flow values obtained with an ultrasonic flow probe placed around the device outflow graft. Estimated and measured VAD flow data were simultaneously recorded and digitally stored while the device motor speed varied from 7,800 to 11,000 rpm and while achieving device flow outputs of 2 to 7 liters/min. Estimated and measured flows were compared using linear regression analyses and root mean square error. HeartMate II flow estimation (FE) demonstrated a linear correlation with ultrasonic flow probe (FP) measurements: FE = 0.74 FP + 0.99 (R(2) = 0.56, p = 0.0001). A root mean square error of 0.8 liters/min was observed between flow estimation and direct flow measurement and suggests a 15% to 20% difference at flows of 4 of 6 liters/min. These results suggest that HeartMate II flow estimation may be used to provide directional information for trend purposes rather than absolute values of device blood flow output. Patient management should include but not be limited to this information.

Effect of Formulation and Processing Variables on the Granulation Kinetics of Hot Melt Granulation (HMG) Process

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of formulation factors, such as type of drug and particulate properties of a drug, and processing variables, i.e. jacket temperature, impeller speed, and scale, on granulation kinetics the of hot-melt granulation (HMG) process. Two model active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) Ro-A and indomethacin were selected for this evaluation using poloxamer 188 as a meltable binder. The effect of solid-state properties of API was investigated for Ro-A, whereas the binder properties were maintained constant. General factorial design was used to investigate the effect of independent process variables, impeller speed and jacket temperature using impeller motor power consumption as response variable. Consistent granulation could be developed for Ro-A by optimizing the binder level and impeller speed, however, the addition of third excipient was necessary for indomethacin. The granulation rate was related to the bulk density and the surface area of the drug. The jacket temperature affected overall granulation time but had no significant effect on the granulation kinetics, suggesting that faster heating rate is desirable for optimal productivity. A significant increase in the granulation rate was observed with increase in impeller speed. The effect of impeller speed was further confirmed at 5 L and 25 L scale. From the formulation prospective, the critical factors were the level of binder, inherent binding properties of the API, the solid-state properties of API and binder. From processing perspectives, the impeller speed had a significant effect on the granulation kinetics.

Modelling the correlation between cutting and process parameters in high-speed machining of Inconel 718 alloy using an artificial neural network

An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for the analysis and prediction of the relationship between cutting and process parameters during high-speed turning of nickel-based, Inconel 718, alloy. The input parameters of the ANN model are the cutting parameters: speed, feed rate, depth of cut, cutting time, and coolant pressure. The output parameters of the model are seven process parameters measured during the machining trials, namely tangential force (cutting force, F z ), axial force (feed force, F x ), spindle motor power consumption, machined surface roughness, average flank wear (VB), maximum flank wear (VB max) and nose wear (VC). The model consists of a three-layered feedforward backpropagation neural network. The network is trained with pairs of inputs/outputs datasets generated when machining Inconel 718 alloy with triple (TiCN/Al 2O 3/TiN) PVD-coated carbide (K 10) inserts with ISO designation CNMG 120412. A very good performance of the neural network, in terms of agreement with experimental data, was achieved. The model can be used for the analysis and prediction of the complex relationship between cutting conditions and the process parameters in metal-cutting operations and for the optimisation of the cutting process for efficient and economic production.