Development Of Motor Coordination Research Articles

Sleep deprivation from mid-gestation leads to impaired of motor coordination in young offspring mice with microglia activation in the cerebellar vermis

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of mid-pregnancy sleep deprivation (SD) in C57BL/6 J mice on the motor coordination of the offspring and to explore the potential mechanism of microglia activation in the cerebellar vermis of the offspring involved in the induction of impaired motor coordination development. MethodsC57BL/6 J pregnant mice were randomly divided into the SD and control groups. SD was implemented by the multi-platform method from first day of the middle pregnancy (gestation day 8, GD8). At postnatal day 21 (PND21), we measured the development of motor behavior and collected cerebellar vermis tissues to observe the activation of microglia by H&E staining, the expression of microglia-specific markers ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) by immunohistochemical, and interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). ResultsIn the offspring of SD group, comparing to the control group, the total time of passage and the reverse crawl distance in the balance beam test, and the frequency of falls from the suspension cord was increased; with lower max rotational speed and shorter duration in the rotarod experiment. Further, we found that the microglia of cerebellar vermis tissues emerged an amoeba-like activation. The mean gray value of Iba-1 was lower, the density of positive cells of CD68 and the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were increased. ConclusionsThe motor coordination of offspring is impaired, accompanying a SD from mid-pregnancy, and the cerebellar vermis showed microglia activation and pro-inflammatory response. It suggested the adverse effects of SD from mid-gestation on the development of motor coordination through the inflammatory response in the cerebellar vermis of the offspring.

Identifikasi Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus dan Rancangan Intervensi Melalui Asesmen Psikologi di Sekolah Inklusi

The purpose of this study is to identify students with special needs and design intervention through psychological assessment in inclusive schools. The research was conducted in SDN Sukowinangun 2, Magetan Regency, East Java Province. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with psychological assessment consisted of CPM and WISC intelligence tests, documentation, passive role observation, and in-depth interviews as data collection methods. The data sources of this study are informants, events or student interaction activities at school, and documents of students’ backgrounds and other related documents. The subjects of this study were 26 students with special needs. The data were then analized using an interactive analysis model. The results showed that there are 10 developmental disorders found on students with special needs namely slow learning disorders, social disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), communication development disorders, motor coordination development disorders, hearing loss, slow learning and impairments behaviour, Down syndrome, autism, and vision problems. Slow learning is the most common disorder experienced by students with special needs. Based on the identification of developmental disorders, then an intervention design is prepared, especially in terms of the learning strategy aspects.

PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOMOTRICITY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)

Introduction: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children is characterized by difficulty interacting, communicating and relating to other individuals, impairing and limiting day-to-day activities and social interaction. They are classified into three degrees, being mild, moderate and severe. These symptoms can be observed during early childhood, with the diagnosis starting at three years of age. Although there is no cure for ASD, early diagnosis and rapid intervention help to reduce the possibility of chronicity, increase treatment possibilities and minimize various symptoms. Psychomotricity is one of the means of intervention in which it has been most used, as it improves the development of motor coordination, helping with sensory characteristics, language, obtaining a better quality of life for these patients. Objective: To report and describe the importance and effectiveness of physical therapy intervention in the development of psychomotricity in children with ASD for better motor performance, improving interaction and including the individual in the social environment. Method: Research carried out in March 2023, using SciELO, Google Scholar and Pubmed databases with publication languages in Portuguese, English and Spanish. 32 articles were selected for analysis of the study, the publication and posting criteria were from the last ten years and had human beings as the object of study, specifically children. Conclusion: Through the study carried out, it was observed that through the various physiotherapeutic resources in psychomotricity, there was a significant improvement in motor development and social inclusion of children with ASD.

Influencia de un programa de ejercicios físicos adaptados para el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en niños de 8 a 12 años del equipo de atletismo Marlins de Ciudad del Carmen, México

The purpose of the research was to determine the influence that an adapted physical exercise program exerts on the development of motor coordination in children who train athletics for the Marlin's team, which will allow them to be part of a group of athletes in the future, who have a good competitive level in this discipline. The research is of a longitudinal type, as the measurements are made over time, it is part of a pre-experimental design with pre-test and post-test to the same group. A comparison of paired samples is made to eliminate the error bias that the pre-experiment has. The methods used to respond to the detected problems are diverse with emphasis on measurement as the main method that allowed statistical analysis according to the type of study selected. The contribution is materialized in the very conception of the motor program for children who train athletics. The conclusions refer that derived from the diagnosis, difficulties in motor coordination were observed in the selected sample, which demonstrated the need for the development of this program. After applied, it could be verified that it had a positive influence on the athletics training process, it was possible to significantly improve motor coordination in children from 8 to 12 years of age from the Marlins athletics team and with it the execution of the different techniques used in this sport.

External focus facilitates cognitive stability and promotes motor performance of an interceptive task in children

ABSTRACT Recent evidence suggests that one of the benefits of external focus is facilitating task focus. To this extent, an external focus might influence cognitive function. To help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of attentional focus instructions, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of attentional focus instructions on cognitive stability and task focus, as indicated by the number of eye blinks, during an interceptive timing task with children who are at a crucial stage of motor coordination development. Twenty-four children (M age = 10.4 ± 0.9 years) performed a forehand drag shot with a floorball stick to hit a tennis ball at a target in each of three different attentional focus conditions: external focus “focus on the blade of the stick”, internal focus “focus on their hands”, and control (no focus instructions). A mobile eye tracker was used to record the number of eye blinks from the moment that the tennis ball was released by an experimenter from the top of a boccia ramp to the moment of the initial movement of the floorball stick. Results showed that the accuracy of hits was significantly better in the external focus relative to the internal focus condition. Also, the number of eye blinks was significantly lower in the external focus relative to the internal focus and control conditions. Findings suggest that improved cognitive stability and task focus may underlie the improved performance associated with an external focus in a visually demanding motor task in children.

Variation and Predictors of Gross Motor Coordination Development in Azorean Children: A Quantile Regression Approach

We investigated the development of gross motor coordination (GMC) as well as its predictors in school-aged Azorean children. The sample included 181 children (90 girls), followed consecutively for 4 years from 6 to 9 years of age. GMC was assessed with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder, and predictors included body mass index, standing long jump, 50-yard dash, and shuttle run. The changes in GMC and the effects of predictors were analyzed with mean-modeling as well as quantile regression. In the latter, we considered the following three quantiles (Q): Q20, Q50, and Q80 as markers of low, median, and high GMC levels, respectively. All analyses were conducted using R software and alpha was set at 5%. The GMC changes were curvilinear in both models, but the quantile approach showed a more encompassing picture of the changes across the three quantiles in both boys and girls with different rates of change. Further, the predictors had different effect sizes across the quantiles in both sexes, but in the mean-model their effects were constant. In conclusion, quantile regression provides more detailed information and permits a more thorough understanding of changes in GMC over time and the influence of putative predictors.

THE INFLUENCE OF SHAPING CLASSES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLASTICITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION

The article analyzes the influence of shaping lessons on the development of plasticity in female students of higher education institutions. in the system of physical education of female students of higher education institutions. It is established that shaping has great potential for organizing a healthy lifestyle, engaging in culture, improving plasticity. The study revealed: 1) not specified specific varieties and manifestations of plasticity, which are the content of shaping; 2) no system of tests has been developed, quantitative and qualitative evaluation criteria for determining the level of development of plasticity during shaping have not been identified; 3) the technology of improving plasticity in accordance with its main varieties and manifestations has not been developed; 4) the relationship between the development of plasticity and a number of morphological, physiological and psychofunctional indicators has not been established.
 Thus, the high theoretical and practical significance of the problem of development of motor coordination, in particular the plasticity of female students of higher education institutions in the process of shaping, structural approach to its study, multifaceted aspects of consideration determined the relevance of the chosen topic. This is due to the restructuring of all spheres of human socio-economic activity, which requires professionalism, the manifestation of moral-volitional and physical qualities, and a fundamentally new organization of labor. The modern approach to the analysis of the problem of formation of a stable need for active motor activity of an individual based on a conscious desire for self-improvement makes it possible to find socially significant directions for its solution.

Influence of Sports Games on Coordination Abilities of Adolescents as a Component of Physical Development: Neuropsychological Features

The article reveals perspectives on sports games aimed at physical development and development of coordination skills of adolescents. Physical exercise has a positive effect on such psychological properties of students as memory, thinking, attention, speed and accuracy of reactions, logic, perception of motoric of one’s own body and the sense of external space. The basic statement of neuropsychology that the basic intelligence of a person being physical intelligence is revealed. Development of coordination skills is an important qualitative aspect of motor activity, reflecting the level of physical fitness. Purposeful formation of coordination abilities enables to solve a number of problems of physical, aesthetic and intellectual improvement of adolescent students. The use of sports games in the process of physical education promotes a favourable development of motor coordination, and thus helps increase the level of motor readiness of adolescents during sports activities, as well as provides the highest efficiency in the process of physical development.

Influência de conteúdos sistematizados da educação física na coordenação motora de crianças na primeira infância

Motor practices should provide children the acquisition of mature patterns of fundamental skills, but currently scholar Physical Education does not appear to offer sufficient stimulation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of systematized classes in preschool children's motor coordination. The coordinative level of 84 children aged four to five years was evaluated through the battery of tests KTK, before and after two distinct programs of motor practices, namely the regular Physical Education classes given by non-specialist physical education teachers (CG) and intervention based on a developmental approach (EG). We compared the scores of the KTK tests between groups for each moment; between pre- and post-tests for each group; we analyzed the effect sizes for; and run subsequent analysis stratified by sex and by age. Both groups have improved the scores in all tasks. In the post-test, EG achieved statistically higher scores in comparison to CG for only one task of KTK, but it achieved higher effect sizes in all tasks. The stratified results did differ relatively to the effect of the interventions regarding the sexes, but indicated that younger children might be particularly sensitive to those interventions. We discuss the relevance of systematized contents with organization, variability, progressive difficulty, and suitability to age range for an adequate development of motor coordination in preschoolers.

A Retrospective Analysis of the National Youth Teams in Volleyball: Were They Always Faster, Taller, and Stronger?

Mireille, M, Johan, P, Matthieu, L, and Pieter, V. A retrospective analysis of the national youth teams in volleyball: Were they always faster, taller, and stronger? J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2615-2621, 2022-Although there are numerous studies comparing the characteristics of young and adult volleyball players of different levels, it remains unclear to what extent these findings can be used for performance prediction because very few are based on longitudinal or retrospective analyses. The aim of the current retrospective study was to test to what extent anthropometry, physical performance, and motor coordination can predict future selection in national youth teams. From 2012 to 2015, 1738 10- to 13-year-old boys and girls who played volleyball completed 3 anthropometric, 4 physical performance, and 3 motor coordination tests. In January 2020, 52 athletes of this sample were found to be part of one of the national youth teams of Belgium. A multivariate analysis of covariance, discriminant analyses, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare the test results of the selected vs. the nonselected players. Significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results showed that the selected players were already taller and showed better jumping performance, and for females, they tended to have better motor coordination at the time of baseline measurement. Therefore, it seems important to focus on the development of motor coordination and jumping performance at young ages because superiority in these characteristics increases the chances to be selected for the national team 4-8 years later. Nevertheless, considering the large variation in results, selection cannot be made based on these characteristics alone. The practical implications for coaches and federations with respect to training and talent detection are discussed.

Percepção docente sobre alunos com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC) e inclusão escolar no Amazonas: dados preliminares

Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC) é um prejuízo acentuado no desenvolvimento da coordenação motora que afeta o desempenho nas atividades escolares. O olhar perceptivo do docente sobre este fenômeno pode favorecer a inclusão escolar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever dados preliminares sobre a percepção docente quanto ao desempenho escolar de alunos TDC no Amazonas. Foi adotada a metodologia descritiva por meio de entrevistas não-estruturadas e realizamos a análise dos dados segundo a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Participaram das entrevistas 5 docentes de uma escola estadual localizada na zona Sul da cidade de Manaus-AM. Os docentes foram entrevistados a respeito de alunos, em pares, um com indicativo de TDC e outro livre desta condição, de acordo com a avaliação motora previamente realizada pelo Laboratório de Estudos em Comportamento Motor Humano - LECOMH. Este artigo tem como conclusão preliminar que docentes percebem as dificuldades escolares dos alunos, mas não as atribuem ao fenômeno TDC fato que nos traz uma reflexão acerca de como o TDC afeta negativamente as atividades de vida escolar bem como a percepção que os docentes têm sobre estes estudantes, da exclusão escolar deste público sofre e da necessidade da condução de estudos posteriores envolvendo este fenômeno.

POSITIVE RELATIONS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND EXERCISE INTERVENTION PROGRAMS WITH MOTOR COMPETENCE AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is an impairment in the development of motor coordination creating varied problems and difficulties in children’s and adolescent’s daily life activities. As a result, the avoidance of participating in physical activity leads in low levels of fitness and also in secondary social and emotional problems. Fitness levels in children and adolescents with DCD have been recognized as an important factor which influences their performance in daily activities and has a positive impact on their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Surveys showed that every domain in HRQOL (motor, cognitive, emotional, social) is significantly lower in children with DCD compared to their peers. These data showed that intervention is very important for improving motor skill performance and HRQOL, too, in children and adolescents with DCD. The present study aimed to systematically review the literature published in peer reviewed journals and to summarize information about possible relationships between intervention approaches focused on physical fitness and exercise, participation in physical activity and HRQOL, in children and adolescents with DCD. Studies which examined the effect of fitness and exercise intervention programs on motor competence and HRQOL in children and adolescents with DCD were also, included. The review of the literature has shown that several intervention programs developed for DCD population, focusing to improve motor ability, derived from occupational therapy, physiotherapy, medicine, dietetics and education scientific areas. Generally, the present review focused on two basic approaches in clinical practice regarding intervention programs for DCD individuals: task-oriented and process-oriented approach. The task-oriented approach aims to improve the performance of a specific skill and on the other hand the process-oriented approach aims to identify the underlying processes or dysfunctions which the individual has not developed adequately according to his/her age, although they are considered to be necessary for successful performance and acquisition of motor skills. Children and adolescents with DCD seemed to report poorer ΗRQOL than their typically developing peers. However, HRQOL in children and adolescents with DCD needs further investigation. In addition, there is a need of research in interventions focused on fitness and exercise programs with an ultimate goal to improve motor ability and HRQOL too; through participation in such interventions children and adolescents with DCD, may be possible to break the negative cycle of physical activity avoidance, reversing it to a positive one. It is concluded that, there are possible positive relationships between fitness and exercise intervention programs, motor competence and HRQOL in children and adolescents with DCD. Future research should focus on examining whether and how such interventions may eliminate functional constraints leading to an engagement in the positive cycle of physical activity, with a further improvement in HRQOL in DCD population. Article visualizations:

Modelling the dynamics of children’s gross motor coordination

ABSTRACTThis study modelled children’s gross motor coordination, investigated sex-differences and identified the effects of fixed and dynamic correlates on motor coordination development. A total of 344 Portuguese children (170 girls), from 6 age cohorts (5 to 9 years of age), were followed consecutively for three years (age range 5 to 11 years) using a mixed-longitudinal cohort design. Birth weight, hand dominance and socioeconomic status (SES) were identified. Gross motor coordination, body mass index, physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) were assessed annually. A sequence of multilevel hierarchical linear models were developed. Model 1 found that age, age2, sex, sex-by-age and sex-by-age2 were significant predictors (p < 0.05) of gross motor coordination. Boys outperformed girls from 6 years of age onwards. Model 2 found a cohort effect (p < 0.05). Model 3 found that right handers were more coordinated (p < 0.05). When the confounders of body mass index, PF and PA were added to the model (Model 4) it was found that boys and girls had parallel trajectories in their gross motor coordination development. In conclusion children with increasing body mass index were less coordinated, while those who were stronger and more agile had steeper trajectories of gross motor coordination with age.

The Development of Bimanual Coordination Across Toddlerhood.

The Development of Bimanual Coordination Across Toddlerhood.

Association Between Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity and Gross Motor Coordination in Preschool Children

Introduction:Adequate gross motor coordination is essential for children participating in age-related physical activities and has an important role in maintaining sufficient physical activity levels during the life course.Aim:To examine the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and gross motor coordination during sedentary behavior in early childhood (ages 3–6 y).Methods:The sample comprised 209 children aged 3–6 y. Gross motor coordination was assessed according to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2). The battery to assess gross motor coordination comprised the aiming and catching, and balance components. MVPA was measured by accelerometry worn for 7 consecutive days (Monday to Sunday).Results:Our data indicated that 31.5% of the sample had low, 32.5% medium, and 36.0% high gross motor coordination. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MVPA was positively associated with gross motor coordination, adjusted for gender and sedentary behavior.Conclusions:Preschoolers with high gross motor coordination spend more time in MVPA. Gross motor coordination development should therefore be a key strategy in childhood interventions aiming to promote physical activity.

Prenatal incubation temperature affects neonatal precocial birds' locomotor behavior

Temperature during the prenatal period is an important factor for developing embryos. Extensive human and animal research indicate embryos are sensitive to small fluctuations in temperature which has profound effects on phenotype development. Much of this research has focused on survivability, morphology, and incubation duration, but comparatively less in known about how prenatal temperature influences the development of motor coordination. In this study, we experimentally tested whether exposure to naturally occurring cool (36.9 °C) or warm (38.1 °C) thermal conditions for a brief period (4 days) during early incubation can influence postnatal motor performance in neonatal bobwhite quail hatchlings. We compared gait spatiotemporal parameters, body kinematics, and locomotive behaviors of control chicks incubated in an optimal thermal environment (37.5 °C) with thermally manipulated chicks. Experimental temperature treatment began on embryonic day five (E5) and ended on E8. Chicks were tested 24-h after hatching. Cool thermal exposure during incubation delayed hatching, reduced body mass, and increased fall frequency, intertarsal joint angle and stride length variability during the gait task compared to optimally incubated chicks. Warm thermal exposure during incubation delayed bone growth and increased fall frequency relative to controls. We discuss the relationship between motor development and thermal regulatory processes and provide insight into how spatiotemporal parameters aid in elucidating subtle differences in coordinated movement which may contribute to atypical motor development and be associated with neural developmental disorders. We provide the first spatiotemporal evidence for the importance of optimal thermal microclimates for typical prenatal motor development.

THE IMPACT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DANCE PROGRAM ON THE MOTOR COORDINATION OF CHILDREN

This research was conducted with the purpose of determining to what extent and how the dance program affects the pre-school children coordination. The sample comprised 65 children of pre-school age (the control group consisted of 31 children, experimental of 34 children), aged 6 years ± 6 months. The experimental group performed dance activities over a period of 8 weeks (2X35 minutes each week). The control group performed regular activities in the kindergarten. The level of coordination in children was determined applying BOT-2 test battery (the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of Motor Proficiency). By analyzing the obtained research results, it was found a statistically significant difference between the dance and the control group in three variables: Jumping Jacks (0.000), Jumping in place-same sides synchronized (0.012) and Tapping feet and fingers- opposite sides synchronized (0.011), respectively. Statistically significant differences between the groups indicate the positive effect of the applied dance program on the development of motor coordination in pre-school children using an experimental dance program for twelve weeks. Dance program influences the coordination of the pre-school age children. The results showed that children participating in the dance program achieved better results in investigated bilateral coordination in three variables, thus recommending its application in the regular preschool children curriculum.

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD): An overview of the condition and research evidence

Abstract Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by impairments in the development of motor coordination. The uncoordinated movements of children with DCD lead to performance difficulties in daily life activities and academic settings. Despite the high prevalence of this condition (2-7%) and severe consequences associated with it, DCD is not well recognized in clinical and educational practices, particularly in Brazil. This review provides an overview of DCD and the research evidence - we present definitions and characteristics associated with the condition, the diagnostic criteria, associated difficulties, frequent co-morbidities and a summary of the possible causes. Finally, we review management strategies and intervention approaches for DCD. We also discuss some of the common challenges of the field - while DCD has been largely studied in the last decade, there are still many gaps between research and practice that need to be filled. Awareness and dissemination of relevant, scientific information is necessary. In conclusion, DCD is a significant condition with a clear diagnostic criteria, and requires intervention to improve motor and functional skills, which can improve the associated difficulties as well as the physical and mental health consequences of the condition.

Development of motor coordination during joint action in mid-childhood

The ability to act jointly with others is a hallmark of primate evolution and is fundamental for human development. In recent years, the study of coordination strategies between individuals performing joint actions has received growing attention. However, when, in the course of post-natal development, this cognitive-motor function emerges is still unknown. Here, we studied dyads of peers aged 6–9 years, as well as adult subjects, while they performed a task where the same action, namely, exerting hand force on an isometric joystick to move a visual cursor from a central toward a peripheral target, was performed in a “solo” and in a social “cooperative” context. The results revealed that during joint action planning, an attempt to synchronize one's own action with that of a partner emerges at 7 years of age, together with a reduction in the duration and variability of the reaction times. A critical time is 8 years, when “solo” performance reaches a high level of accuracy. From this age, another coordination strategy, based on the online monitoring of the peer's behavior, seems to be implemented during the execution of joint action. The motor and cognitive development occurring during childhood are discussed as possible mechanisms mediating, respectively, the capability and the propensity to take into account the peer's behavior for implementing a common action plan.

Coordinated movement is influenced by prenatal light experience in bobwhite quail chicks (Colinus virginianus)

Sensory-motor development begins early during embryogenesis and is influenced by sensory experience. Little is known about the prenatal factors that influence the development of motor coordination. Here we investigated whether and to what extent prenatal light experience can influence the development of motor coordination in bobwhite quail hatchlings. Quail embryos were incubated under four light conditions: no light (dark), 2h of total light (2HR), 6h of total light (6HR), and diffused sunlight (controls). Hatchlings were video recording walking down a runway at three developmental ages (12, 24, and 48h). Videos were assessed for forward locomotion, a measurement of motor coordination, falls, a measurement of motor instability, and motivation to complete the task. We anticipated a linear decline of coordination with a reduction in prenatal light experience and improved coordination with age. Furthermore, as motor coordination becomes more laborious we anticipated motivation to complete the task would decline. However, our findings revealed hatchlings did not uniformly improve with age as expected, nor did the reduction of light result in a linear reduction in motor coordination. Instead, we found a more complex relationship with 6HR and 2HR hatchlings showing distinct patterns of stability and instability. Similarly, we found a reduction in motivation within the 6HR light condition. It appears that prenatal light exposure influences the development of postnatal motor coordination and we discuss these finding in light of neurodevelopmental processes influenced by light experience.