Level Of Motor Activity Research Articles

Використання кінезотерапії в реабілітації дітей із ДЦП

В роботі подані результати використання тренажерних пристроїв Гросса і МОТОmed gracile12 в реабілітації дітей із різними формами дитячого церебрального паралічу (ДЦП), формуванні й розвитку основних рухових навичок, підвищенні фізичної підготовленості та витривалості. Відновлювальне лікування дитини з ДЦП проводилось з урахуванням індивідуальних можливостей і потреб. У реабілітаційній програмі використовували метод чергування занять на тренажерах. Терапія базувалася на ігрових формах. Реабілітація адаптувалась до індивідуального рівня розвитку дитини, робився акцент на її сильні сторони та потреби. Використовувалися поєднані режими пасивного, активного й комбінованого тренування. Завдяки впровадженню методики використання тренажерних пристроїв Гросса і МОТОmed gracile12 в комплексну реабілітацію дітей із ДЦП збільшився загальний рівень рухової активності та маніпулятивної діяльності, досягнуті результати зберігалися тривалий час.

Особенности пищевого статуса у детей с детским церебральным параличом, находящихся на питании через гастростому

Objective. To assess the nutritional status, dietary intake, and effectiveness of nutritional support in children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) receiving gastrostomy tube feeding. Patients and methods. The study included 46 children with spastic ICP between 2 and 18 years of age. All children belonged to GMFCS level V and were fed by gastrostomy tube. Nutritional status, energy and macronutrient intake were evaluated. Body composition was determined by caliperometry (n = 46) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (bioimpedanceometry) (n = 18). Considering the disorders revealed, specialized formulas for enteral feeding were introduced into the diet. To assess the effectiveness of diet therapy, we observed 14 children for 6–9 months. Results. Weight loss was detected in 33 (71.7%) children: 14 (30.4%) children had mild weight loss, 1 (2.2%) child had moderate weight loss and 18 (39.1%) children had severe weight loss. Growth delay was observed in 5 (10.9%) children, in 3 (6.5%) of them the degree of delay appeared more severe. Protein-energy malnutrition by 17–50% from the recommended norm was detected in all children: all children had carbohydrate deficiency and 37 (80.4%) children had protein and fat deficiency. In the observational period against the background of diet therapy there were statistically significant positive dynamics of weight and height parameters, an increase in body fat mass (2.4 [1.6; 5.3] kg and 3.3 [1.3; 4.6] kg at the beginning and at the end of observation) and phase angle values (3.9 [3.5; 4.4] and 5.0 [3.6; 5.6], respectively); a decrease in body cell mass and skeletal muscle mass was revealed. Conclusion. The diet of children with ICP should meet their individual needs and correspond to their functional abilities. Key words: infantile cerebral palsy, gastrostomy, motor activity level, weight loss, nutritional support

Influence of motor activity and polymorphism I/D of ACE on the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin

The influence of rs4646994 polymorphism of the ACE gene on the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin among young men with different levels of physical activity has been studied. 245 young men aged 20-22 years were included in the study. All young men were divided into three groups depending on their motor activity: low (LMA), average (AMA) and high (HMA). SatO2, pO2, pCO2, p50 and HbO2 were analyzed in capillary blood of all examined young men. It was found out that I/I genotype of the ACE gene is associated with a decrease in the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin both in LMA (p=0.022) and in HMA (p=0.000096). The intensification of physical activity among I/D and D/D genotypes is accompanied by an increase in the level of hemoglobin oxygenation in blood, while the I/I genotype with part of HbO2 does not change depending on motor activity. These features can be explained by the shift of the oxygen dissociation curve to the left among young men with the *D allele genotype, with an increase in physical activity. On the contrary, the I/I genotype of the ACE gene have efficient oxygen extraction to tissues, regardless of the level of motor activity compared to the D/D genotype.

Influence of self-isolation regime during covid-19 on motor activity and health of students of the institute of physical culture

The article presents a study of the effect of the isolation regime caused by the Covid-19 pandemic on the change in motor activity and health of students of the Institute of Physical Culture (IFK). These studies revealed, on the one hand, positive trends associated with the preservation of the optimal level of motor activity in the majority of IFC students, due to various forms of physical exercises. On the other hand, more than 20 % of respondents noted a decrease in physical activity under the influence of the isolation regime, and also noted negative changes in their physical and psychological health. The paper concludes about the important role of regular physical education classes in preventing the negative impact of the isolation regime caused by Covid-19, as well as the important role of the commitment of IFC students to physical activity. The data obtained require further research in terms of the formation of students' attitudes to the use of motor activity to improve their physical and psychological health and reduce the negative consequences caused by the new Covid-19 virus.

Influence of the Amount of Students’ Motor Activity on their Health Status and Psychophysical Readiness for Future Life

Aim: To investigate the impact of the amount of students’ motor activity on their health status and psychophysical readiness for future life. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in 2019-2021. The study involved 420 students and 232 graduates of different years. 57 male students took part in the experiment aimed at studying the impact of the amount of motor activity on the health of students and their psychophysical readiness: 28 students were included to the experimental group, 29 students – to the control group. Research methods: theoretical analysis, questionnaires, testing, pedagogical experiment, statistical methods. Results: It was revealed that an increase in the amount of practical (academic and extracurricular) classes to 12-14 hours per week for one year positively affected the state of health of students and their psychophysical readiness for life. In EG, in contrast to CG, the results of most fitness tests significantly improved. The number of students with a high level of health in EG increased by 28.6%, and in CG – by 3.4%. The number of EG students with low level of neuropsychiatric stability decreased by 32.2%, and in CG – by 6.6%. Conclusions: Increasing the level of motor activity of students requires creation of a modern system of physical education of students, which should take into account their interests, motives and personality-oriented choice of the type classes. Classes should be organized in accordance with the level of physical fitness and health status of students.

Assessment of the heart rate variability of students taking into account the level of motor activity

The article deals with the analysis of the initial vegetative status of students with different levels of physical activity and frequency of respiratory movements. The purpose of the work is to analyze the heart rate variability in students, taking into account the level of motor activity and respiratory rate. Materials and methods. Registration and analysis of HRV was carried out using a modern complex electrophysiological laboratory «CONAN–4.5». Cardiac activity of students was assessed. Results. It was revealed that among the entire studied array of students (when differentiating the IWT calculated according to IN) «normotics» are characterized by an optimal ratio between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS. At the same time, the value of the coefficient of physical activity in the studied group was determined at the level of values 1.73±0.1. Output. For normal adaptation to physical activity in students, it is necessary to form a level of physical activity that quantitatively corresponds to the CFA of physical activity of at least 1.75.

ASSESSMENT LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL HEALTH STATUS OF THE BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING ORGANIZATION

deterioration of epidemiological situation in the country and educational institutions due to the spread of coronavirus infection prompted the government to change the educational process and move it to distance learning. Psychological support and assistance of future doctors are critical, as, in our country, there is a growing shortage of medical staff, namely doctors, during the COVID-19 pandemic. One way to solve the above problems is to study students of higher medical institutes (SHMI) views on the transition to distance learning, which is essential to identify weaknesses and issues in the higher medical institutions of our country and to purposefully take measures to improve the pedagogical process based on identified needs. The aim of our research includes assessment of the level of physical activity and psycho-emotional health of the higher medical education seekers' of the healthcare field specialty 222 medicine using distance education under quarantine conditions (additional psycho-emotional impact) and establish ways for improving it with a combination of distance education and different psycho-emotional impact. A survey was conducted among 155 Bogomolets National Medical University SHMI of the 1st and 2nd year of study. Developed by us questionnaire have included questions about the assessment of the educational process organization (at the classroom and at "distance"), SHMI routine (work and leisure), namely amount of their spending time for sports and on the gadget use. Significant attention had been given to SHMI assessment of their health, psycho-emotional state, and level of adaptation during the study. During processing results of the motor activity study of surveyed SHMI had been revealed an insufficient level of motor activity. Thus, only 14% of SHMI do morning gymnastics, 29% of respondents go in for sports three times a week. We also found that a significant proportion of respondents have not enough duration of night sleep, which negatively affects the study's success and potentially worsens their health. Analysis of the surveyed SHMI work and rest schedule shows that most SHMI sleep at night on weekdays for 6 to 7 hours (72%). 25% of respondents have a sleep duration of up to 5 hours and only 3% of respondents have slept more than 9 hours. However, chronic insomnia can gradually lead not only to diseases but also to disorders such as, decreasing concentration memory impairment, reduce performance and work efficiency. Significant mental and psycho-emotional overload during distance education requires establishing of physiological day regime.
 Assessment of the functional state of SHMI allows timely attention and identifies certain risk groups among SHMI. Currently, distance education is developing rapidly due to quarantine restrictions, the rapid development of the Internet, and the constant improvement of communication methods. Therefore, it is essential to improve the effective organization of distance education in terms of providing SHMI with the required level of knowledge and paying due attention to problem issues.

The influence of physical development and physical condition on motivation to physical culture and sports of higher education accessories 18-19

The article investigates the dependence of the level of motivation of student youth to engage in physical culture and sports on the level of physical development of higher education students aged 18-19. In the course of studying the peculiarities of the organization of motor activity of higher education seekers in the conditions of quarantine restrictions, it was found that the transition to distance learning provokes a tendency to reduce the motivation of applicants to engage in physical culture and sports. The results of the survey of applicants for motivation to engage in physical culture and sports in comparison with the results of testing the level of physical development and physical condition show a certain dependence. The results of the survey of applicants confirm the relevance of finding and implementing new ideas and tools to maintain the level of physical activity to improve the physical condition of applicants during a pandemic. The article considers the peculiarities of the organization of motor activity of higher education seekers in the conditions of quarantine restrictions. It was found that the motivation of applicants to engage in physical culture and sports in connection with the transition to distance learning. The need to search for new ideas and means to maintain the level of motor activity to improve the physical condition of applicants during a pandemic.

Heart rate variability analysis of students with different motor activity levels

Relevance. Assessment of the functional state of the body is one of the leading tasks of physiology. The article deals with the analysis of the initial vegetative status of students with different levels of motor activity. Materials and Methods. Registration and analysis of the heart rate variability was carried out with the help of a modern complex electrophysiological laboratory CONAN - 4.5. The heart activity of students engaged in physical culture within the educational process was evaluated on the basis of heart rate variability analysis. Results and Discussion. It was revealed that among the entire studied array of students (with the differentiation of the initial vegetative status calculated according to muscle tension index), normotonics are characterized by an optimal ratio between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. At the same time, the value of the coefficient of physical activity in the studied group was determined at the level of 1.730.1. Conclusion. For vagotonics, the value of the triangular index was 2.50.2 conventional units (CU), which confirms the idea of an increase in the influence on the autonomic nervous system. The value for normotonics is 2.20.1 CU. This group was characterized by the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system. In sympathicotonics - 1.90.5 CU, which confirms the idea of increasing the influence of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. In hypersympathicotonics-1.10.4 CU. To ensure adequate functioning of the cardiovascular system and for normal adaptation to physical exertion in students, it is necessary to form a level of motor activity that quantitatively corresponds to a coefficient of physical activity of at least 1.75.

РОЛЬ β, α1 И α2-АДРЕНО РЕЦЕПТОРОВ В РЕГУЛЯЦИИ ЧАСТОТЫ СЕРДЦЕБИЕНИЙ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ, ПОДВЕРЖЕННЫХ РАЗЛИЧНЫМ РЕЖИМАМ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ

For the first time, studies were conducted to study the features of the heart rate response of laboratory animals exposed to various modes of motor activity when administered with β, α1 and α2-blockers. It was found that in all the experimental groups of animals studied, a decrease in the heart rate response was observed in the first week after the introduction of β, α1 and α2-adreno blockers. It was revealed that the initial reaction of the heart rate on the introduction of β, α1 and α2-blockers depends on the level of motor activity of laboratory animals. It was found that the most pronounced decrease in the heart rate response to the introduction of different subtypes of adreno-blockers is observed in the group of animals with limited motor activity. At the same time, the smallest decrease in the heart rate response occurs in the group of animals subject to enhanced motor mode. It was revealed that in the group of experimental animals, during further muscle training, by the end of the fourth week, there was a less pronounced decrease in the heart rate response to the administration of β, α1 and α2-adreno blockers. It was found that in a group of animals subject to a regime of limited motor activity, by the end of the fourth week of hypokinesia, the most pronounced decrease in the heart rate response to the introduction of β, α1-targeted blockers occurs.

ASSESSMENT LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL HEALTH STATUS OF THE BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING ORGANIZATION

deterioration of epidemiological situation in the country and educational institutions due to the
 spread of coronavirus infection prompted the government to change the educational process and move it to dis-tance learning. Psychological support and assistance of future doctors are critical, as, in our country, there is a
 growing shortage of medical staff, namely doctors, during the COVID-19 pandemic. One way to solve the aboveproblems is to study students of higher medical institutes (SHMI) views on the transition to distance learning,
 which is essential to identify weaknesses and issues in the higher medical institutions of our country and to pur-posefully take measures to improve the pedagogical process based on identified needs. The aim of our research
 includes assessment of the level of physical activity and psycho-emotional health of the higher medical educationseekers’ of the healthcare field specialty 222 medicine using distance education under quarantine conditions
 (additional psycho-emotional impact) and establish ways for improving it with a combination of distance educa-tion and different psycho-emotional impact. A survey was conducted among 155 Bogomolets National Medical
 University SHMI of the 1st and 2nd year of study. Developed by us questionnaire have included questions aboutthe assessment of the educational process organization (at the classroom and at «distance»), SHMI routine (workand leisure), namely amount of their spending time for sports and on the gadget use. Significant attention hadbeen given to SHMI assessment of their health, psycho-emotional state, and level of adaptation during the study.During processing results of the motor activity study of surveyed SHMI had been revealed an insufficient levelof motor activity. Thus, only 14% of SHMI do morning gymnastics, 29% of respondents go in for sports threetimes a week. We also found that a significant proportion of respondents have not enough duration of night sleep,which negatively affects the study’s success and potentially worsens their health. Analysis of the surveyed SHMI
 work and rest schedule shows that most SHMI sleep at night on weekdays for 6 to 7 hours (72%). 25% of respon-dents have a sleep duration of up to 5 hours and only 3% of respondents have slept more than 9 hours. However,
 chronic insomnia can gradually lead not only to diseases but also to disorders such as, decreasing concentrationmemory impairment, reduce performance and work efficiency. Significant mental and psycho-emotional overloadduring distance education requires establishing of physiological day regime. Assessment of the functional state of SHMI allows timely attention and identifies certain risk groups amongSHMI. Currently, distance education is developing rapidly due to quarantine restrictions, the rapid developmentof the Internet, and the constant improvement of communication methods. Therefore, it is essential to improve theeffective organization of distance education in terms of providing SHMI with the required level of knowledge andpaying due attention to problem issues.

Histamine H3 receptor antagonism modulates autism-like hyperactivity but not repetitive behaviors in BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J inbred mice

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions defined by behavioral deficits in social communication and interactions, mental inflexibility and repetitive behaviors. Converging evidence from observational and preclinical studies suggest that excessive repetitive behaviors in people with ASD may be due to elevated histaminergic H3 receptor signaling in the striatum. We hypothesized that systemic administration of pharmacological histamine H3 receptor antagonists would attenuate the expression of repetitive behaviors in the BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mouse inbred strain, an established mouse model presenting autism-like repetitive behaviors and novelty-induced hyperactivity. We further aimed to investigate whether agonism of the histamine H3 receptor would be sufficient to induce repetitive behaviors in the C57BL/6J control mouse strain. MethodsDifferent doses of H3 receptor agonists (i.e., (R)-α-methylhistamine and immethridine) and H3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists (i.e., ciproxifan and pitolisant) were administered via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in male mice to characterize the acute effects of these compounds on ASD-related behavioral readouts. ResultsThe highly selective H3 receptor agonist immethridine significantly increased the time spent in stereotypic patterns in C57BL/6J mice, but this effect appeared to be driven by general sedative properties of the compound. High doses of pitolisant significantly decreased locomotor hyperactivity in novel environments in BTBR mice, without significant effects on repetitive behaviors. ConclusionsBased on our findings, we conclude that acute H3 receptor manipulation mainly affected general motor activity levels in novel environments. Small changes in stereotyped behaviors were observed but appeared to be driven by altered general activity levels.

Peculiarities of relationships of characteristics of adaptation capabilities of the organism and indicators of motor activity of students

The health of student youth is largely determined by the level of functional capabilities of the organism, which depends on the level of motor activity, that is the total number of movements that a person performs in a given period of time. The purpose of the work is to establish the features of the relationship between the characteristics of adaptive capacity, functional status and level of development of psychophysiological functions and criteria for motor activity of students. The research was conducted on the basis of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, where 385 students (200 young girls and 185 young boys) were supervised, who, taking into account the peculiarities of the distribution of different levels of motor activity, were divided into 3 comparison groups – with potentially low, medium and potentially high levels of motor activity. The values of daily energy consumption, number of locomotions and duration of the dynamic component in the daily budget were used as the leading criteria of hygienic assessment of students’ motor activity. Functional features and adaptive capabilities of the organism were determined using conventional methods. The analysis of the obtained results involved the use of a standard application package of multidimensional statistical analysis “Statistica 6.1 for Windows”. The results of studies conducted on the basis of correlation analysis procedures indicate the fact that the largest number of correlations between the characteristics of psychophysiological functions and the leading characteristics of health and indicators of academic performance in professionally oriented disciplines studied are recorded in girls, and boys who belonged to the group with an average level of physical activity (daily energy expenditure of 9000-11000 kJ in young girls and 11000-13500 kJ in young boys). The use of cluster analysis procedures during the prognostic assessment of indicators of health and academic performance in professionally-oriented disciplines, made it possible to identify 3 clusters of the studied characteristics of the functional state of students, which have the most pronounced effect on their values: visual-motor speed cluster (indicators of the latent period of simple and differentiated visual-motor response), visual-sensory cluster (indicators of critical fusion of light flickers and efficiency of work performed) and integrative-coordination cluster (a number of indicators that reflect the properties of major nervous processes, characteristics coordination of movements, indicators of attention functions, etc.). Using factor analysis procedures, it determined that both young girls and young boys have the most positive impact on academic performance in vocational disciplines such factors as “functional state of the visual sensory system”, “functional state of coordination” and “functional state of higher nervous activity”.

Multimodal characterization of Yucatan minipig behavior and physiology through maturation

Brain injuries induced by external forces are particularly challenging to model experimentally. In recent decades, the domestic pig has been gaining popularity as a highly relevant animal model to address the pathophysiological mechanisms and the biomechanics associated with head injuries. Understanding cognitive, motor, and sensory aspects of pig behavior throughout development is crucial for evaluating cognitive and motor deficits after injury. We have developed a comprehensive battery of tests to characterize the behavior and physiological function of the Yucatan minipig throughout maturation. Behavioral testing included assessments of learning and memory, executive functions, circadian rhythms, gait analysis, and level of motor activity. We applied traditional behavioral apparatus and analysis methods, as well as state-of-the-art sensor technologies to report on motion and activity, and artificial intelligent approaches to analyze behavior. We studied pigs from 16 weeks old through sexual maturity at 35 weeks old. The results show multidimensional characterization of minipig behavior, and how it develops and changes with age. This animal model may capitulate the biomechanical consideration and phenotype of head injuries in the developing brain and can drive forward the field of understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and developing new therapies to accelerate recovery in children who have suffered head trauma.

Effect of boric acid on sodium fluoride toxicity in chicks

The aim of this study to explore the therapeutic effect of boric acid on the neurobehavioral (motor activity) level, and histopathologic changes in the brain, liver and kidneys against fluorosis. In this study rose chicks have been used and determined medium lethal sodium fluoride dose at 346.5 mg/kg orally. The chicks divided into four random groups each one consists of 10 chicks. The first group considered to be a control group, the second received 20 mg/kg of sodium fluoride, the third group received 10 mg/kg of boric acid and the fourth received 20 mg/kg of sodium fluoride and boric acid at the same previous dosages. After two weeks of daily treatment, neurobehavioral measures were taken, the use of boric acid has a major effect to improve the neurobehavioral measurement and develop complications of ALT, AST, creatinine, Ca, MDA. The results indicate that boric acid may be a therapeutic agent against the fluoride toxicity of the brain, liver and kidney. This result support by histopathological changes which represented by inflammation, congestion of portal vein and dilation of sinusoids in the liver and vacuolation, vasogenic edema and gliosis in the brain and Kidney of showed segmentation of glomeruli, dilation of Bowman’s space, necrosis of epithelial cells renal tubules and hemorrhage of NaF group, while the liver of the NaF with boric acid group showed an improvement the results of histopathological examination of the liver, brain and kidneys compared to the NaF group alone. The results revealed that boric acid has a preventing effects against fluoride after two weeks of treatment with boric acid.

Validity of the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children: An Actigraphic Study.

This study aimed to provide evidence of the validity of the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children against an external-objective criterion of the 24 h motor activity pattern assessed through actigraphy. A total of 107 children (60 females; mean age 10.25 ± 0.48) were originally enrolled. Children wore the actigraph model Actiwatch AW64 (Cambridge Neurotechnology Ltd., Fenstanton, UK) for seven days, 24 h per day, around the non-dominant wrist. At the beginning of the actigraphic recording, participants filled in the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children. Functional Linear Modeling was used to examine variation in the 24 h motor activity pattern according to the total score in the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children. Higher physical self-efficacy was significantly related to greater levels of motor activity in the afternoon. Overall, this pattern of results supports the validity of the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children against the external-objective criterion of the 24 h motor pattern. The Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children could represent a promising endpoint for studies assessing the effectiveness of physical activity promotion interventions.

Relationship of erythrocyte adrenoreactivity with their quantitative and qualitative characteristics as a method for assessing the rheological properties of blood in athletes

Objective of the study: prediction of the rheological properties of blood in young men with different levels of motor activity (MA) by assessing the relationship between the adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes (ARE) with their quantitative and qualitative parameters.Materials and methods: the study involved young men with a low (41 people) and a high level of physical activity (athletes — 20 people), aged 21–23 years. In all subjects, the total, individual characteristics of erythrocytes and ARE were determined. ERS was assessed by the change in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) under the influence of adrenaline in vitro at final concentrations of 10–5; 10–6; 10–7; 10–8; 10–9; 10–11; 10–13 g/ml venous blood. According to the nature of the observed effect, in accordance with the direction of ESR shifts, 3 types of ARE were distinguished: increased ESR in the presence of adrenaline — aggregative (Ar, type 1); no changes — areactive (Ap, type 2); decreased ESR — antiaggregatory (AnAg, type 3).Results: in athletes, inverse correlations of the ARE types were established when exposed to stress concentrations of adrenaline (SCA) (above 10–8 g/ml) with the hemoglobin level (r = –0.59, p = 0.008), the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte (r = –0.55, p = 0.016), when exposed to physiological concentrations of adrenaline (PCA) (10–9 g/ml and below) — with the corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (r = –0.51, p = 0.029). In young men with a low level of MA, an inverse correlation was found between the minimum ARE values and the number of erythrocytes (r = –0.36, p = 0.01), and the maximum — with the average concentration of hemoglobin in the cell (r = 0.54, p = 0.04).Conclusion: in young men leading a sedentary lifestyle, the tendency of erythrocytes to aggregate under the influence of adrenaline increases with an increase in their number and intracellular viscosity. In athletes, the predominance of the antiaggregatory type of ARE, and, consequently, more stable rheological properties of erythrocytes and an improvement in microcirculation, are facilitated by a decrease in the size of erythrocytes and an average saturation of cells with hemoglobin.

Formation of motivation for motor activity in students in the process of physical education during quarantine

The issue of motor activity of students during the introduction of quarantine restrictions is considering. The development of physical activity of student youth should be one of the priority tasks of physical education in higher education institutions. The purpose of the work is to discover and substantiate the directions of formation of motivation for motor activity in the process of physical education of students during quarantine. Research methods: theoretical analysis, systematization, comparison of different views on the researched problem, generalization of data of scientific-methodical and special literature. Solving problem issues, ensuring the physiologically necessary level of motor activity of students as factors of their prevention, analyzed in terms of the formation of motivations in the process of their physical education. The organization of the initial process of physical education, aimed at encouraging students of higher education institutions to physical education classes and the formation of their belief in the need for regular physical activity. The structural components of this process are singled out, the middle ones of which are: attractive aspects of physical culture and sports, private, active renewal, ideal sports environment, extraordinary sports, desire to help with victories, body beauty, etc. It was found that an important manifestation of interest in the implementation of physical activity is the nature of the use of students in their free time. Complemented ideas on the need and feasibility of using the appropriate set of traditional and innovative forms and methods of physical education of the latest achievements need to encourage students to ensure the required level of their motor activity. For the results of the scientific research, the main theoretical and methodological provisions to engage in physical culture in students in the quarantine of the back support of the formation of their motivation for motor activity.

The use of Multi-Sensory Environments with autistic children: Exploring the effect of having control of sensory changes.

Multi-Sensory Environments (also called sensory or Snoezelen® rooms) are specialised spaces that contain equipment to modify the environment. They are commonly used in special-needs schools with autistic children, but empirical investigation into how to best use Multi-Sensory Environments with autistic children has been limited. Based on converging evidence that autistic children may benefit from having control, we tested 41 autistic children (8 female) aged 4–12 years (mean = 8 years, standard deviation = 2.05 years) who used the Multi-Sensory Environment both with and without control over the sensory changes. Behavioural coding of video data showed that having control was associated with increased attention and reduced repetitive motor behaviours, sensory behaviours, activity levels, stereotyped speech and vocalisations. Social behaviour, anxiety, positive affect and arousal were not significantly affected by condition. Our findings demonstrate that how a Multi-Sensory Environment is used can affect autistic children’s behaviours. They also suggest that providing control of sensory changes to autistic children may help create better conditions for learning.Lay abstractMulti-Sensory Environments (also called sensory or Snoezelen® rooms) are rooms that contain equipment which can create light, sound and touch experiences. Multi-Sensory Environments are often used with autistic children, particularly in schools, but there is no evidence for how best to use them. We investigated whether having control over the sensory equipment in the Multi-Sensory Environment affected how a group of 41 (8 female) autistic children aged 4–12 years behaved. We found that when autistic children could control the sensory equipment, they paid more attention and performed fewer repetitive and sensory behaviours. They also used less stereotyped speech, produced fewer vocalisations and showed lower levels of activity. Other behaviours were not affected. Our findings demonstrate that how a Multi-Sensory Environment is used can impact behaviour and that providing control of sensory changes to autistic children may help create better conditions for learning.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS FOR INDEPENDENT PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES

The article presents the analysis of literary data on the study of the provisions of the motivational and meaningful nature of the development of physical culture and sports of students and the results of the questionnaire of the coaching and teaching staff of higher educational institutions of Kazakhstan, which was carried out in order to identify factors affecting the formation and development of motivation of students for independent physical education and sports activities. The main factors of a meaningful nature affecting the formation and development of students' motivation have been identified, such as: application of the experience of foreign countries in organizing students' physical education and sports, the level of training of scientific, pedagogical and coaching personnel in the field of physical culture and sports, the level of student motor activity, and the level of student health. The relationship of provisions of motivational and informative nature of development of physical culture and sports of students is revealed.