Human Motivation Research Articles

The Application of Three Basic Psychological Needs of Self-Determination Theory in Destiny II

After learning about Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a psychological theory that emphasizes the importance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in human motivation and well-being, and having been exposed to Destiny II as a product more than anything else. This paper explores the embodiment of SDT in "Destiny II" through a case study approach and how the game design promotes player motivation and engagement by providing opportunities to meet basic human needs. This paper finds that the game offers players a high degree of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which contributes to an immersive, engaging, and motivating gaming experience.

The Research on the Ontological Psychological Features in Quentin's Film Works

Quentin Tarantino, a renowned filmmaker known for his distinctive style and thought-provoking themes, has captivated audiences and critics with his groundbreaking films. This study aims to analyze the ontological psychological features present in Tarantino's filmography, focusing on the complex interplay between narrative structure, character development, and the human psyche. By employing a qualitative methodology, the research conducts a thematic analysis of Tarantino's key films, such as "Reservoir Dogs," "Pulp Fiction," "Kill Bill," "Inglourious Basterds," "Django Unchained," and "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood." The study identifies several central themes, including existentialism, vengeance, memory and temporality, language and communication, and metafiction. Through an in-depth exploration of these themes, the research reveals how Tarantino's work challenges conventional perceptions of reality and the human experience, ultimately probing the depths of human emotion, motivation, and identity. Furthermore, the study investigates the broader cultural and historical context of Tarantino's films and their psychological impact on audiences. By examining the various thematic and stylistic elements, the study seeks to shed light on the ways in which Tarantino's films transcend traditional cinematic boundaries, stimulating deeper reflections on the nature of reality, morality, and the human condition. This comprehensive analysis contributes to a greater understanding of the intricacies of the human experience and the transformative power of cinema.

Reflections of the Human Psyche: An Intricate Analysis of Motivation, Behavior, and Societal Echoes in Ted Elemeforo's The Fountain of Betrayal

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of human motivation, behaviour, and actions within the context of Ted Elemeforo's novel, The Fountain of Betrayal. Employing a backdrop of social realism, the essay explores how literature draws inspiration from society and acquires functional significance. The study highlights the role of literature in mirroring societal aspects, with characters embodying various forms of consciousness pertaining to the significance of distinctions. By delving into the realm of subconscious mental factors influencing character behaviour, this research employs Maslow's psychological motivation theory of needs as a theoretical framework. The selected novel's characters are intricately examined as integral components of society, revealing how diverse types and levels of needs profoundly impact their decision-making processes. Ultimately, this investigation uncovers the concealed mens rea (mental component) underlying the actus reus (physical component) of human actions, leading to a comprehensive comprehension of the intricacies of human motivation. This study contributes to a broader understanding of human behaviour and the intricate interplay between societal influences and individual actions.

Adam Smith's moral foundations of self‐interest and ethical social order

AbstractThis article draws on textual evidence from The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations to address mistaken interpretations of Adam Smith's fundamental concept of self‐interest as greed that has been said to have had a corrosive influence on markets, commercial behaviour, and widening inequality. To the contrary, Smith's complex set of human motivations, including self‐interest, his economic system that is based on free markets, and institutional frameworks governing productive property rights and the rule of law are argued to increase aggregate wealth, improve the position of those least well off, and maintain ethical social order.

The role of motivation in human performance and in minimizing the impact of human error

AbstractThe role of human error is the subject of various case studies on process safety incidents worldwide. To improve the situation and minimize the impact of human error, efforts are widely focused on the external job situation, such as job design, and the rules of rewards and punishments. Furthermore, organizations have opted to improve individual conditions such as job competencies and skills development. It is the aim of human factors engineering to maximize the potential of human performance in preventing process safety incidents. However, little attention is paid to the internal motivational process that occurs in an individual participating in the incident. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to bridge the gap and to highlight the role of motivational behavior in developing human performance or in executing actions that lead to human error. Human behavior and motivation widely vary within organizations. Therefore, organizations may benefit from the motivational theories that are widely used in the study of organizational behavior. The theoretical approach to motivation is separated into two main categories: inner motivation and outer motivation. Moreover, inner motivational theory is also subdivided into rational factors and irrational factors. The theories applied in this paper exemplify and combine the use of motivational theories in improving human performance and preventing process safety incidents. Based on the analysis, key recommendations are generated that can be implemented to improve human performance as part of the process safety management system.

Estrategias Metacognitivas en el Aprendizaje del Idioma Inglés como Lengua Extranjera

Introducción Several studies related to LLSs have been conducted with the purpose of answering the question of how successful language learners achieve the learning goals. According to Judge (2012), the first research reports began in 1970 with studies done by Rubin and Stern in 1975. These studies reported that the main concern of these researchers was to know what good students did different from those students who did not reach successful results in the learning process, concentrating their studies in directed classrooms focused from teacher-centred approaches to student-centred ones (Rubin, 1987; Zhao, 2009 as cited in Gursoy, 2010). In language learning, the cognitive theory which observes processes of how learners acquire, interpret, remember and utilize information becomes significant due to its direct connection with learners’ comprehensive approach, meanwhile, metacognitive strategies become relevant because they regulate and direct the language learning process referring this to an individual’s awareness of thinking about the way to acquire the target language (Bidabadi, 2013). The study addressed the following research question: What are the students’ perceptions in relation to the use of metacognitive strategies to learn English as a Foreign Language? Objetivos The purpose of this study is to investigate the student’s perceptions in relation to the use of metacognitive strategies to learn English as a Foreign Language. Método This qualitative study used phenomenological methodology as the purpose of this research was to explore the students’ experience in relation to the use of metacognitive strategies in the field of English as a Foreign Language. Qualitative research focuses on the understanding of human behavior, believes, motivations and values which are extremely complex due to the interest of uncovering meaning of phenomenon and understanding people’s interpretations of their experiences (Lapan, 2012). The subjective experience of individuals and how they interpret their reality stresses the importance in qualitative studies (Cohen, 2018). In applied linguistics, qualitative research has gained recognition for providing significant insights in different aspects of language acquisition and its direct connection with social and cultural influences in language learning (Dörnyei and Griffee, 2010). This study adopted the interpretative paradigm for the intentions of understanding and interpreting the reality in terms of actions (Cohen, 2018). Principales resultados There were four main metacognitive strategies identified in the twelve extracts: arranging and planning learning, developing comprehension, seeking out practice opportunity and building background. The subtheme arranging and planning the learning was determined by activities done by learners like looking for what is in the next lesson, summarizing or making notes, looking for effective arrangements, and practicing for coming presentations. The next subtheme developing comprehension was identified when participants underlined key words and sentences in text and then looked for word meaning for better comprehension. For the following subtheme seeking out practice opportunity, the learners expressed their interest for preparing themselves for future tests or personal improvement. The last subtheme, building background was used when learners thought about previous teachers’ methodologies and compared them to analyse their learning process. Opinions given by learners determined their perceptions which were positive when using the metacognitive strategies. They said that they could remember and identified information easily by relating it with the context which helped them to understand and comprehend better both written and spoken texts leading them to have better preparation and results. Conclusiones This study conducted a qualitative study about learners’ experiences in relation to the use of metacognitive strategies in EFL classes. Learners who used language learning strategies in the study of English as a Foreign Language identified activities applied in the clases which matched with the metacognitive strategies. Thematic analysis identifies patterns or themes deriving from qualitative data in order to interpret and explain what is beyond of what has been said (Braun and Clarke, 2006). The taxonomy proposes by Oxford (1990) was used to analyse the metacognitive strategies. Students recognized the benefits of metacognitive strategies and how their use helped them with their progress, however, in one of the quotes it is expressed by one of the participants how frustrated may be find difficulties and not to have control over them what makes teachers think on their emotional impact.

공기업 인적자원관리 현황 분석 및 개선 방안에 관한 연구

The purposes of this case study are (a) to systematically review the current state of human resource management of Kangwon Land, which has been a subject of social interest among public enterprises for which previous studies have been relatively lacking, and (b) to find problems and seek improvement plans based on them. Data related to the human resource management status of Kangwon Land, the subject of the case study, was collected online using the institution’s homepage and public institution ALIO system. This study used the public sector strategic human resource administration (management) system map as a framework for the analysis. Focusing on the main components of human resource acquisition, movement, motivation, and performance evaluation, human resource management status and problems of Kangwon Land were reviewed step by step. Based on the research results, implications for the direction of human resource management of Kangwon Land were suggested, especially in terms of ethical human resource management. The direction of follow-up research to supplement the limitations of the study was discussed as well.

Exploring the Relationship: Gender Perceptions and Motivation in Pursuing Professional Piano Careers

The Self-Determination Theory creates a framework for the study of human motivation and personality in which the social environment affects one’s motivation and psychological needs. Intrinsic and identified are the most autonomous forms of motivation for the pursuit of a professional career, which requires great perseverance and practice. These traits typically are intertwined with personal identity, sense of self, and intrinsic motivation. However, this may be hindered by gender perceptions. Currently, the amount of professional female musicians is decreasing in numerous countries. Gender perceptions relating to piano specifically and their relation to motivation is unclear at this point. In this study, the effect of gender perceptions (in the form of gender role self-concept and intrinsic value in music) of female pianists regarding competence on six different forms of motivations, especially identified motivation, as per SDT, will be explored. Participants (N=26) completed a survey with two validated scales; bivariate correlation and linear regression analysis tests were administered. Between “equal gender perceptions” (being uninfluenced by either gender stereotype) and identified regulation, female participants were found to have strong positive correlations while male were found to have small to medium. Regarding “feminine gender perceptions,” female and male participants were found to have strong large positive correlations. Regarding “masculine gender perceptions,” there were no responses from female participants and male participants were found to have small positive to medium negative correlations. The findings reveal that competence is a large predictor of intrinsic motivation and indicates that gender perceptions could be an obstacle.

The Effect of Competency Human Resources, Work Motivation, and Work Spirit on Employees Performance at the Service Cooperative & Msmes West Sumatra

This study aims to examine and see: 1) The influence of human resource competence partially on the performance of employees at the Office of Cooperatives and SMEs of West Sumatra Province . 2) The effect of work motivation partially on employee performance at the Office of Cooperatives and UMKM West Sumatra Province . 3) The partial effect of work enthusiasm on employee performance at the Office of Cooperatives and UMKM West Sumatra Province . 4) The simultaneous influence of HR competence, work motivation, and work spirit on employee performance at the Office of Cooperatives and UMKM West Sumatra Province . This type of research is quantitative The population in this study were 65 employees of the Office of Cooperatives and UMKM West Sumatra province. The sample uses a total sampling technique with a total of 65 employees. Sources of data in this study are primary data obtained from observations and questionnaires. The data analysis method used multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination, and t and f tests. The results show 1) Human resource competence partially has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the employees of the West Sumatra Province Cooperative and MSME Office . 2) Work motivation partially has a positive and significant effect on the employee performance of the Office of Cooperatives and UMKM West Sumatra Province . 3) Work morale partially has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the employees of the West Sumatra Province Cooperative and UMKM Service .. 4) HR competence, work motivation, and work spirit simultaneously affect the performance of the employees of the Cooperative Service andUMKM West Sumatra Province . The contribution level of influence of human resources competence, work motivation, and work spirit on the performance of the Office of Cooperatives and UMKM West Sumatra Province is 79.5%, while the remaining 20.5% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study, such as work discipline, job satisfaction, work behavior, work environment, and so on.

In Defense of Moderate Romantic Curiosity and Information Avoidance: A Conceptual Outlook of Balanced Curiosity

Curiosity, which is the human motive to seek information, is extremely valuable, since it enables people to widen their horizons and develop their capacities. However, there are many cases in which curiosity is harmful and not learning more information is preferable. In the romantic realm, this complexity is particularly relevant. Although knowledge is valuable in romantic relationships, there are circumstances in which ignorance and avoidance of information may be more beneficial. I suggest the restriction of central virtues of romantic love, such as curiosity and sensitivity, while giving some limited weight to oft-called vices in romantic relationships, such as ignorance and indifference. This suggestion has significant implications for the nature of romantic relationships, and in particular, for enhancing flexibility and diversity of such relationships, and the ongoing need to find an optimal balance.

The application of logotherapy to improve the meaning of life in emerging adults with self-injury

Self-injury occurs commonly in young people, especially during the development phase of emerging adults. It is seen as a manifestation of existential problems, such as obstacles in fulfilling or pursuing meaning in life which is the most basic human motivation. This study aims to determine the effect of logotherapy as an intervention to increase purpose in life in emerging adults who engage in self-injury. The research utilized a single case experiment A-B design involving two subjects, measuring their level of meaning in life with the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). The analysis technique of visual analysis, baseline-corrected tau, and Reliable Change Index (RCI) yielded outcomes indicating logotherapy as an effective intervention option for increasing meaning in life in emerging adults with self-injury.

Text- and game-based communication for climate change attitude, self-efficacy, and behavior: A controlled experiment

The advantages of both gamification and immersive technologies are often advocated for in contexts in which human motivation is lacking. This is the case with environmental sustainability and climate change engagement, where knowledge alone is not sufficient for pro-environmental behavior. However, the existing literature lacks rigorous studies comparing games and immersive media to more traditional communication methods. In this article, we describe an experiment (N=105) where participants used a climate change game in PC or immersive VR or were assigned to a text-based control. Our findings suggest that all three conditions increased climate change attitudes and environmental self-efficacy, but no significant differences were found between them. Although VR players tended to enjoy their experience significantly more than other participants, we did not find significant differences in self-reported immersion. Furthermore, neither enjoyment nor immersion correlated with attitude or self-efficacy shifts. Our exploration of participant behavior yielded similar results for all three conditions, both in commitment to action and self-reported completion ten days after the intervention. Our results suggest that games can improve attitudes and self-efficacy even in highly involved audiences, but their comparative advantage in certain contexts may be smaller than commonly assumed.

Applying self-determination theory to stem medical schools' clinical teacher sustainability crisis.

Medical schools require highly skilled and committed clinical faculty to teach, assess, supervise and mentor students' clinical care. Medical education is facing a crisis in recruiting and sustaining these clinical teachers. Faced with multiple demands and responsibilities in fast-paced clinical environments, teachers may not have the time, resources or stamina to sustain these critical roles. Medical school leaders must commit to and provide structures and processes to attract, sustain and retain clinical teachers. The authors use the lens of self-determination theory to frame approaches to support teacher sustainability. Self-determination theory describes sources of human motivation. The theory and its evidence base characterise three human psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This theory can bridge individual psychological and institutional leadership perspectives to help medical school leaders anticipate and respond to their clinical teachers' needs. The authors propose three practical steps: practices to advance employee-centredness, processes to align individual and institutional values, and restructuring education to support clinical teachers' needs alongside student and patient needs. The authors describe limitations to this relational approach that focuses on leadership actions and consider individual agency as another key factor for sustainability. Medical school leaders can develop and apply theory-driven approaches to advance sustainability. Sustainability now and in the future requires careful attention to the needs of clinical teachers and to their relationships with and within medical schools.

Narrative Theory and Neuroscience: Why Human Nature Matters

ABSTRACT Stories and the Brain: The Neuroscience of Narrative by Paul B. Armstrong and Brain, Mind, and the Narrative Imagination by Christopher Comer and Ashley Taggart adopt cultural constructivist perspectives that reject the idea of evolved human motives and emotions. Both books contain information that could be integrated with other research in a comprehensive and empirically grounded theory of narrative, but they both fail to construct any such theory. In order to avoid subordinating the humanities to the sciences, Comer and Taggart avoid integrating their separate disciplines: neuroscience (Comer) and narrative theory (Taggart). They draw no significant conclusions from the research they summarize. Armstrong subordinates neuroscience to the paradoxes of phenomenology and 4E cognition. His prose develops not by consecutive reasoning but by the repetitive intonation of paradoxical formulas. The failures in theoretical construction displayed by these two books run parallel with weaknesses in the interpretive criticism with which they illustrate their ideas. The different ways in which the books fail are sometimes comical but nonetheless instructive. The failures inadvertently point toward the radical changes in humanist thinking that would be necessary for success in integrating neuroscience and narrative theory.

Apathy and Motivation: Biological Basis and Drug Treatment.

Apathy is a disabling syndrome associated with poor functional outcomes that is common across a broad range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Currently, there are no established therapies specifically for the condition, and safe and effective treatments are urgently needed. Advances in the understanding of motivation and goal-directed behavior in humans and animals have shed light on the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms contributing to apathy, providing an important foundation for the development of new treatments. Here, we review the cognitive components, neural circuitry, and pharmacology of apathy and motivation, highlighting converging evidence of shared transdiagnostic mechanisms. Though no pharmacological treatments have yet been licensed, we summarize trials of existing and novel compounds to date, identifying several promising candidates for clinical use and avenues of future drug development.

Authentic leadership in a bureaucratic environment: A qualitative study

Authenticity is a crucial component of leadership for developing moral and ethical leaders in the public sector. Despite that, authentic leadership has struggled to progress into a more advanced theory. Therefore, this study serves as a foundation for new developments in authentic leadership studies. The research is valuable because it investigates aspects of authenticity and leadership drawn from public sector leaders’ experiences. It employs a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews of 15 top executive leaders in Malaysian public administration. The interpretive study is underpinned by authentic leadership and self-determination theory, and content analysis is applied to understand the subjective interpretation of the interviews through the identification of specific themes and patterns of coding facilitated by the NVivo software. The participants describe authenticity in leadership as a combination of mindset and qualities, such as purposeful intention, spiritual connection and sustainable legacy. This study provides a new perspective on authenticity in leadership from the public sector context. A new important factor emerged from the study, namely, spiritual connection, which is unique to the Malaysian context. Another theoretical contribution to the body of knowledge is that the element of personal growth, which is connected to human motivation by addressing autonomy from the self-determination theory perspective, is important to describe authenticity. These elements suggest the third wave of the leadership model that is derived from the interpersonal process between leader and followers in a bureaucratic environment. These results may be used to develop a new instrument for examining the public leadership context – as a new leadership model or design development intervention for future leaders in the public sector.

SISTEM INFORMASI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

Increasingly advanced developments require companies to update strategies within their companies, one of which is on strategies in human resources. Human resources owned by a good company will be seen from how the results of employee performance. And that many factors can affect employee performance, including human resource information systems and work motivation. This study aims to conclude from the problem of employee performance that occurs by collecting from various previous studies or by literature review. The variables in this study are Human Resource Information Systems, Work Motivation, and Employee Performance. The method in this study uses a literature study approach. The results of this study indicate that both the human resource information system and motivation can produce results that affect and do not affect employee performance due to the object of research, research time, and other factors that are not examined.

Motivation: A Critical Consideration of Freud and Rogers’ Seminal Conceptualisations

Humans vary in many aspects of their psychology with differences routinely found in patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours, setting individuals apart across time and place. Though many psychologists have attempted to account for these individual differences, one area that has continued to generate interest and disagreement is the concept of motivation. Today, understanding behavioural motivation remains one of the most important questions facing personality theorists. In an attempt to better account for human motivation, the present exploration reviews seminal theoretical positions put forward by Sigmund Freud from a Psychoanalytical perspective and contrastingly, that of Carl Rogers from the Humanistic approach. Critical consideration is specifically applied to how verifiable each perspective may be and the degree of empirical support either account has attained to date. Whilst understanding human motivation is not a new endeavour, the present exploration provides a contemporary critical assessment of traditional psychological explanations.

Applications of Self-Determination Theory in the General Music Classroom

Student motivation is frequently an issue in general music classrooms, and many long-standing theories designed to increase motivation have the opposite effect. This article introduces Self-Determination Theory, first developed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, as a theory of human motivation. A key element of Self-Determination Theory is the concept of three basic human psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This article details each need and provides suggestions for direct applications to the general music classroom. Through the fulfillment of these needs, teachers can encourage and support a students’ engagement in musical activities and personal growth.

A Comprehensive Framework for Cyber Behavioral Analysis Based on a Systematic Review of Cyber Profiling Literature

Cybercrime presents a significant threat to global society. With the number of cybercrimes increasing year after year and the financial losses escalating, law enforcement must advance its capacity to identify cybercriminals, collect probative evidence, and bring cybercriminals before the courts. Arguably to date, the approach to combatting cybercrime has been technologically centric (e.g., anti-virus, anti-spyware). Cybercrimes, however, are the result of human activities based on human motives. It is, therefore, important that any comprehensive law enforcement strategy for combatting cybercrime includes a deeper understanding of the hackers that sit behind the keyboards. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the state of the literature relating to the application of a human-centric investigative tool (i.e., profiling) to cybercrime by conducting a qualitative meta-synthesis. Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this systematic review focuses specifically on cybercrime where a computer is the target (e.g., hacking, DDoS, distribution of malware). Using a comprehensive search strategy, this review used the following search terms: “cybercrime”, “computer crime”, “internet crime”, “cybercriminal”, “hacker”, “black hat”, “profiling”, “criminal profiling”, “psychological profiling”, “offender profiling”, “criminal investigative analysis”, “behavioral profiling”, “behavioral analysis”, “personality profiling”, “investigative psychology”, and “behavioral evidence analysis” in all combinations to identify the relevant literature in the ACM Digital Library, EBSCOhost databases, IEEE Xplore, ProQuest, Scopus, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 72 articles were included in the review. This article utilizes a systematic review of the current literature on cyber profiling as a foundation for the development of a comprehensive framework for applying profiling techniques to cybercrime—described as cyber behavioral analysis (CBA). Despite decades of research, our understanding of cybercriminals remains limited. A lack of dedicated researchers, the paucity of research regarding human behavior mediated by technology, and limited access to datasets have hindered progress. The aim of this article was to advance the knowledge base in cyber behavioral sciences, and in doing so, inform future empirical research relating to the traits and characteristics of cybercriminals along with the application of profiling techniques and methodologies to cybercrime.