Motion Verbs Research Articles

Attributive Valence of the German verb GEHEN and the Russian Verb ИДТИ (Cognitive Aspect)

The aim of the work is to identify similarities and differences in the attributive valence of the German verb of movement "gehen" and the Russian verb "идти" in German and Russian. The subject of the study is the sectors of the manifestation of the attributive valence of the above-mentioned verbs in the cognitive aspect. These verbs are considered only in their direct sense, namely from the point of view of transmitting the expression of a person's movement from one point to another. The attributive valence of verbs of movement was chosen due to its insufficient study in comparative linguistics from the position of cognitive linguistics. In the study, the comparative method was used as the main one; methods of semantic and cognitive analysis were also used. The material of the analyzed examples was German and Russian lexicographic sources. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it reveals for the first time similar and specific cognitive sectors of the manifestation of the attributive valence of the German verb "gehen" and the Russian verb "идти". As a result of the study, the presence of such sectors of attributive valence as "direction of movement", "type of movement" and "pace of movement" was revealed in the verb "gehen". The analyzed examples of the Russian verb "идти" showed the presence of the following sectors: "time", "direction" and "type of movement", "accomplice of movement", "pace of movement" and mixed cases. As a result of comparative analysis, it was found that in German and Russian there are the following similar sectors of the attributive valence of human movement: "direction", "type" and "pace of movement", and the sectors "direction of movement" and "pace of movement" significantly prevail quantitatively in the analyzed examples. The article also draws conclusions about the peculiarity of the perception of the directional movement of a person in the Russian and German linguistic cultures.

Functions of Russian prefix verbs of motion in terms of cognitive studies (based on modern Russian songs)

This paper studies the functions of Russian motion verbs from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. We analyze the functions of the prefix structure of the verb идти in the lyrics of modern Russian songs. Here, we consider independent prefixes used with Russian motion verbs, such as по-, вы-, у-, от-, при-, до-, за-, под-, в/во-, про-, etc. They have different meanings. This study is based on the lyrics of modern Russian songs. In the framework of the study, we have explored about 150 songs. The main research method is observation. We have concretized the meaning of the prefix structure from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and found that the verbs of motion, prefixed with от/ото-, include emotions of worry and fear. The prefix у- has the meaning of sadness, sorrow, despair and other emotions. The paper also represents the emotional meanings of other prefixes. For example, the verb выйти may indicate that the subject is trying to get rid of some complex or difficult situation. The verbs прийти and дойти indicate that a person successfully reaches a certain place, but прийти usually indicates the place, which the subject visits regularly. Дойти represents the movement undertaken with a certain goal or task and so on.

The grammaticalization of verbs of location movement into noun-phrase conjunctions in Archaic Chinese

Abstract Previous studies of the grammaticalization paths of Chinese Noun-Phrase Conjunctions (NP-AND) have mainly focused on their development from comitative verbs, as in the cases of 與 yú ‘to be together with’, 共 gòng ‘to share’, 和 hé ‘to mingle’, and 同 tóng ‘to be the same’ > ‘to accompany’. This study focuses on the development of NP-AND from verbs of location movement (位移動詞, with the feature set [+verb, +motion, +goal]), such as 于 yú ‘to go to’, 越 yuè ‘to jump over to’, 暨 jì ‘to arrive at’, and 及 jí ‘to reach’, identifying changes that occurred in pre-Archaic Chinese (used from the 14th to the 11th c. BC), early Archaic Chinese (used from the 10th to the 6th c. BC), and late Archaic Chinese (from the 5th to the 2nd c. BC). To elucidate the origin and the grammaticalization path of each verb indicating goal of motion, this study examines their occurrences in excavated texts, such as the Oracle-Bone Inscriptions and Bronze Inscriptions, and in Archaic Chinese transmitted texts, such as The book of documents (Shàngshū 尚書), The book of odes (Shījīng 詩經), and Zuo’s commentary (Zuǒzhuàn 左傳). Based on this data, the study analyzes the core meaning of each verb and their grammaticalization paths. In addition, possible etymological relationships among 于, 越, 暨, and 及 are investigated. The grammaticalization path of each verb into an NP-AND can be formulated as V [+motion, +goal] > end point of a scope (from X to Y) > additive particle > NP-AND. Finally, cross-linguistic parallels are adduced to support the plausibility of the proposed grammaticalization path.

고대중국어 이동동사 유형과 부치사구 어순의 상관성 연구

고대중국어 이동동사 유형과 부치사구 어순의 상관성 연구

现代汉语位移动词“走”与“去”的认知对比研究 ― 以“前往、离开”义为中心

现代汉语位移动词“走”与“去”的认知对比研究 ― 以“前往、离开”义为中心

Motion verbs, sentience, and event delimitedness in Blackfoot

AbstractThis paper provides the first detailed documentation of aspectual properties of motion verbs in Blackfoot (an Algonquian language) from the Kainaa dialect. In particular, the focus of the paper is to detail how a sentient subject in this language is associated with an inherent endpoint of motion events (i.e., delimitedness). I show that in Blackfoot, an event can have a delimited construal when a sentient subject is an agent (but not a theme). A language-specific requirement for event delimitedness is thus the presence of an external argument that is sentient, which I formalize as a feature [m(ental state)] on a DP, as in Ritter (2015). A major contribution of the current study is thus to show that event delimitedness can be constrained by formal features of the external argument, whereas previously only the internal argument was thought to be involved in event delimitedness.

Grammatical Perspective-Taking in Comprehension and Production.

Language use in conversation requires conversation partners to consider each other's points-of-view, or perspectives. A large body of work has explored how conversation partners take into account differences in knowledge states when choosing referring expressions. This paper explores how well findings from perspective-taking in reference generalize to a relatively understudied domain of perspective: the processing of grammatical perspectival expressions like the motion verbs come and go in English. We re-visit findings from perspective-taking in reference that conversation participants are subject to egocentric biases: they are biased towards their own perspectives. Drawing on theoretical proposals for grammatical perspective-taking and prior experimental studies of perspective-taking in reference, we compare two models of grammatical perspective-taking: a serial anchoring-and-adjustment model, and a simultaneous integration model. We test their differing predictions in a series of comprehension and production experiments using the perspectival motion verbs come and go as a case study. While our comprehension studies suggest that listeners reason simultaneously over multiple perspectives, as in the simultaneous integration model, our production findings are more mixed: we find support for only one of the simultaneous integration model's two key predictions. More generally, our findings suggest a role for egocentric bias in production for grammatical perspective-taking as well as when choosing referring expressions.

Fostering the learning of the Russian motion verbs system in Italian-speaking students

AbstractThis study reports on the differential effectiveness of two pedagogical approaches to teaching L1-Italian students the Russian verbs of motion (глаголы движения, VoMs). The first is a Cognitive Linguistics, embodied approach, where the teacher used techniques such as image schemas, drawings and bodily activation to help the learners explore and understand the logic of VoMs. The second is a classic PPP approach, that works with mnemonic exercises, drills, and reproduction techniques, and that used classic metalinguistic terms to explain VoMs.54 L1-Italian Russian students enrolled at the second year of University have been recruited in the study. Two groups were created: group A received a 160 minutes embodied treatment about VoMs, whereas group B received a 160 minutes classical PPP treatment on VoMs.The informants have been tested in a classical pre, post and delayed-post test fashion with three different temporized tasks. Results show an accrued competence on VoMs of group A, that outperformed group B in all the tests. The relevance of these findings for L2 teaching will be discussed.

Signs of the Verbs Movement in the Kyrgyz and Russian Languages

This article discusses the semantics of movement verbs in Kyrgyz and Russian languages in a comparative typological aspect. One of the main lexical-semantic groups of the semantic system of the verb are the verbs of movement. Verbs of movement — one of the main semantic varieties of the substantive aspect of the verb. They occupy a prominent place in the semantic side of the language. Therefore, the relevance of the study in the multi-structural languages of the semantic system of motion verbs is very rich in meanings and shades of meanings. The basis of the lexical meaning is a concept that, however, is not identical with the meaning. The lexical meanings of words can be close to each other, for example, the verbs of the movement “выйти” — “go out, go out” and “уйти” — “go away, go away, go away” and may not have any connections with each other at all, for example, “прийти” — “come, come” and “спать” — “sleep”, “идти” — “walk, go” and “жениться” — “get married”, “думать” — “think” such examples are reflected. In addition, it was noted since the lexical meaning consists of two components — the significative and denotative, they are essentially characteristic of the verbs of movement.

Figurative motion events in naive conceptualization of death

This article examines specific features of figurative representation of the concept of DEATH in English phraseological units with motion verbs. The relevance of this research stems from the need to model human experience and describe the most important worldview components by studying the linguistic expressions. The analysis of the concept of DEATH allows to extend the knowledge of stereotypical and cultural attitudes toward this phenomenon, increase our understanding of archaic thought patterns regarding the existential issues. Besides that, the study of conceptual interaction between different spheres of human experience, which allows to define conceptual systems as a complex interdependent structure, is also considered to be relevant. In this article the concept of DEATH is analyzed in connection with the concept of MOTION that not only describes mechanical movement but is also used to conceptualize the most abstract concept of human experience. This article also presents a deep analysis of the semantics of phraseological units. As the result, different metaphorical, metonymical and metaphtonimical models of knowledge representation are extracted. The research is carried out within a broader cultural context and combines the findings obtained from other fields of study such as cultural studies, mythology, thanatology, etc. Key research methods include etymological analysis, component analysis, semantic description, and interpretation methods. Quantitative method is also used to determine metaphor to metonymy ratio within the semantical structure of the analyzed phraseological units. The results of this research show the most common metaphorical, metonymical, and combined models that shape understanding of death; represent quantitative ratio of metaphor to metonymy. The findings also demonstrate how death is conceptualized in English linguoculture and describe the conceptual links between the sphere of motion and death

Hdt. 4.79 διεπρήστευσε

This paper examines the form διεπρήστευσε, obelized in the editions of Herodotus. There have been two ways of interpreting the form: some scholars have taken it to refer to an act of speech, while others have sought here a verb of motion. Both groups of scholars proposed a variety of conjectures, some of them addenda lexicis and none of them commanding immediate acceptance. After a review of various solutions that have been proposed to-date, this paper argues in favor of retaining the reading of the paradosis and analyzing (-)πρηστεύω as a verb of quick motion. The verb is argued to be an Ionic colloquialism (or even Herodotus’ own Augenblicksbildung), derived from the root of πίμπρημι in its original meaning ‘to blow’ (of which ‘to burn’ is a secondary development) via an agent noun πρηστήρ / *πρήστης, cf. μνηστεύω ‘woo’ : μνηστήρ ‘suitor’ or δυναστεύω ‘hold power’ : δυνάστης ‘person with power’. The proposed translation ‘blasted, dashed’ is supported by typological parallels for the semantic development ‘to blow’ → ‘to move (impetuously)’, such as Old English bl.́stan ‘to blow; to move impetuously’ or Russian dut’ ‘to blow; to dash, to rush’. Interestingly, Hittite (parip) parāi-, the cognate of Gk. πίμπρημι, may show the same semantic

Verbs of oscillatory motion per se in the Norwegian language: An attempt at classification

The article is an initial attempt to identify, represent, and classify verbs of oscillatory motion in Norwegian. The mentioned verbs belong to the lexical-semantic group of motion verbs, but while preserving the integral feature of the semantic group (the physical movement of living beings and objects in space), they have their own characteristic features. Verbs denoting motion in which the object, while moving from the initial point to another, tends to return to it and generally remains within the confines of a more or less defined location, are grouped as verbs of oscillatory motion. The authors of studies conducted on the material of other languages divide this group into two subgroups: verbs of oscillatory motion per se (swaying) and verbs of vibrational motion. The second subgroup is beyond the scope of this article. The linguistic material is drawn from the online explanatory Norwegian dictionary [NAOB] and supplemented with data collected from contemporary mass media sources. As a result of the study, we identified and described 32 verbs of oscillatory motion. The results of this study can be used for further typological studies of Norwegian and other languages.

Деривационные семантические изменения в смысловой структуре немецких глаголов движения в публицистическом жанре «комментарий»

The paper analyses the process of formation of derivational figurative meanings in the meaning structure of the most commonly used German motion verbs “gehen”, “laufen”, “kommen” in the publicistic genre of commentary. The analysis is based on the methodology of identifying integral and differential features that realise the categorical lexical seme MOVEMENT IN SPACE. The research findings reflect the patterns of changes of a derivational nature occurring in the meaning structure of the German motion verbs “gehen”, “laufen”, “kommen”, contain relevant features that determine the analysed semantic changes. The aim of the research is to identify the causes and patterns of formation of figurative meanings as a result of derivational changes in the meaning structure of unprefixed German verbs of motion in publicistic texts related to the commentary genre. The research is novel in that it is the first to carry out a comprehensive analysis of figurative meanings of German unprefixed verbs of motion within the framework of semantic derivation using the material of publicistic texts.

Typology of the Thematic Group “Toys” in the Russian Language of the 21st Century

In the article, the author addresses the definitions of the concept of “toys” and their functions, as well as existing classifications in psychology, pedagogy, didactics and marketing (trade). The definitions of a “thematic group” (TG) are considered and a working formulation of the concept is given. A morphological and syntactic analysis of the collected empirical base was carried out, where the names of toys and games, works of children’s literature and the National Corpus of the Russian Language were selected as sources. Several types of lexical units of the TG “Toys” are presented: individual lexemes (nouns, adjectives, verbs), phrases (simple, multi-component). The author also identifies five groups of verbs: expressing rational, irrational action; actions characteristic of a person, sounds and verbs of movement. Based on the analyzed classifications and collected empirical material (1800 lexemes related to the TG “Toys”), a typology is created that reflects systemic relationships at the lexical level of the modern Russian language. Three main thematic areas, fields of nominations for this TG in the Russian language of the 21st century have been identified: natural, artificial and virtual toys. The thematic area “Natural toys” includes two subgroups: natural objects and household objects. The composition of the term “Artificial toys” is described by ten lexical-semantic groups. The thematic area “Virtual toys” includes three lexical and semantic groups. The identification of the third TO — “Virtual toys” — is a new phenomenon for the classification of toys not only in linguistics, but also in the wide field of this concept.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ КОГНИТИВНОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ТЕКСТОВОГО ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА

The article presents the theory of cognitive modeling of literary text space aimed at a comprehensive cognitive interpretation of proxeme text code. A typology of text cognitive constructs is proposed. This typology includes six types such as: literary concept, cognitive-plot matrix of literary text, text cognitive links, cognitive coordinates of literary text, cognitive text space models, cognitive text temporal models. The research presents the author’s algorithm for modeling and interpreting text proxeme constructs applied to studying the cognitive model of nominative field of concept SPACE and offers the typology of literary space nominees consisting of proxemes’ types such as: (1) words with prepositions as space markers, (2) verbs of movement or location in space, (3) place names, (4) landscape units as landscape nominations. It is revealed that proxemes have the form of a word or phrases that can be single-component or multi-component nominees. According to the method of functioning proxemes are divided into personalised proxemes and non-personalised proxemes. The existence of anthropocentrically marked and anthropocentrically unmarked models of literary space is justified.

A Verb of Movement, Descriptors of Uncertainty.

A Verb of Movement, Descriptors of Uncertainty.

Leituras semânticas de preposições de origem desde e a partir de em frases em Português Europeu

he aim of this study is to identify the readings conveyed by two European Portuguese prepositions which denote ‘source’, desdeand a partir de,in sentences taken from the journalistic corpus Natura/Minho. The different readings (particularly temporal and spatial) that the noun phrases introduced by these two prepositions can have beenidentified, along with the specific contexts in which spatial readings emerge. The quantitative analysis allowed us to conclude that: (i) both the prepositions desdeand a partir de can have temporal, spatial, and notional readings; (ii) in the case of spatial readings, both motion verbs and non-motion verbs can occur lexically

Challenges of FrameNet: The case of motion verbs in Persian

In this article, we intend to examine the transferability of parts of English FrameNet to other languages, specifi cally Persian. To accomplish this task, we consider the concept of motion due to its significance in cross-linguistic studies and its diff erent lexicalization patterns in typologically diverse languages. In this regard, we investigate the challenges that diff erent features of the Persian language and particularly the diff erence in the way of expressing motion events in this language make for the compatibility of English FrameNet with Persian FrameNet. Focusing on Persian motion verbs, we try to determine the extent to which it is possible to transfer diff erent components of English FrameNet — including semantic frames, coreness and peripherality status of frame elements, syntactic and semantic structures and frame-to-frame relations — to other languages. The results suggest that English FrameNet is prone to incompatibility due to the lack of systematicity in the specifi cation of frames and frame-to-frame relations. Moreover, diff erent polysemy patterns, the presence of the same word as diff erent lexical units, various syntactic alternations of lexical units, diff erent levels of importance of frame elements in lexicalization in various languages, the tendency of some languages like Persian to form compounds as well as the impact of culture make challenges for the transferability of English FrameNet to other languages.

I prefissi verbali russi pri- e do-: semantica spaziale e possibili corrispondenze in italiano

In this paper, we analyse the spatial meaning of verbal prefixes pri- and do- and their semantic contribution to the lexicalisation of motion events. Our analysis is based primarily on the lexicographic description of these prefixes proposed in the Academic Grammar of the Russian Language (Švedova et al., 1980) and on the interpretation given to them in different works devoted to the study of the semantics of verbal prefixes in the Russian language. In different contributions, it is observed that the spatial meaning of the prefix pri- expresses the reaching of the goal of motion, including the crossing of its threshold (boundary-crossing). In contrast, the spatial semantics of the prefix do- is mostly described in relation to the progressive approaching to an endpoint along a spatial scale (boundary-reaching). In the course of the contrastive analysis, an attempt will be made to identify and describe possible Italian correspondences for Russian verbs of motion with prefixes pri- and do-. We also consider which semantic components of a motion event encoded in a Russian prefixed verb are expressed or omitted in the corresponding Italian constructions. The research has been conducted on the parallel Russian-Italian corpus, part of the National Corpus of the Russian Language (we consider just a few examples).

英汉移动动词词汇化模式对比研究

英汉移动动词词汇化模式对比研究