Muscle Motility Research Articles

Cell and Muscle Motility. Volume 4.Robert M. Dowben , Jerry W. Shay

Previous articleNext article No AccessNew Biological BooksCell and Muscle Motility. Volume 4. Robert M. Dowben , Jerry W. Shay Susan W. CraigSusan W. Craig Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 59, Number 4Dec., 1984 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/414077 Copyright 1984 Stony Brook Foundation, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

DNA rearrangements of the actin gene cluster in Caenorhabditis-elegans accompany reversion of three muscle mutants

We present evidence that associates dominant mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans that disrupt muscle structure and motility with a cluster of three actin genes mapped in the same region of linkage group V. We examined spontaneous and mutagen-induced wild-type revertants of these dominant alleles for alterations in the DNA of the actin gene cluster. Four of 73 revertants contain detectable DNA rearrangements within the cluster of actin genes including an insertion, a deletion and gene fusions. We postulate that these rearrangements inactivate or delete at least one gene in the cluster and consequently the original mutations are within the actin gene cluster.

Muscle and Nonmuscle Motility. Volume 1 and Volume 2.Alfred Stracher

Previous articleNext article No AccessNew Biological BooksMuscle and Nonmuscle Motility. Volume 1 and Volume 2. Alfred Stracher Carl MoosCarl Moos Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 59, Number 4Dec., 1984 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/414071 Copyright 1984 Stony Brook Foundation, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Interaction of prostaglandin E2 and beta-adrenergic catecholamines in the regulation of uterine smooth muscle motility and adenylate cyclase in the rat.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased the force of the spontaneous contractions of the rat myometrium and decreased the sensitivity of the uterus to the relaxing effects of the specific beta-adrenergic catecholamine agonist isoprenaline. Prostaglandin E2, at concentrations above 10 mumol/l, increased cyclic AMP production by intact muscle strips. The muscle strips were far more sensitive, however, to the inhibitory effect PGE2 had on isoprenaline-dependent cyclic AMP production (threshold less than 0.001 nmol/l). Both PGE2 and isoprenaline stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of a myometrial subcellular (particulate) fraction in a guanyl nucleotide-requiring manner. When present in saturating concentrations (100 mumol/l), the stimulatory effects were not additive, suggesting that the receptors for the two agonists competed for the same catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase or for the same guanyl nucleotide-requiring factor which couples receptors and enzyme. If muscle strips were incubated with PGE2 before the preparation of the adenylate cyclase-containing particulate fraction, the enzyme became less responsive to stimulation by guanyl nucleotide and by isoprenaline and PGE2 in the presence of guanyl nucleotide. The PGE2 receptor may therefore interact with the beta-adrenoreceptor to inhibit isoprenaline-dependent cyclic AMP production by intact muscle cells by desensitizing adenylate cyclase, possibly at the level of the guanyl nucleotide-dependent coupling step.

Autoradiographic localization of opioid receptors in the rat stomach

The distribution of opioid receptors in the stomach has been studied using autoradiography of slide-mounted tissue sections incubated with [ 3H] d-Ala 2, d-Leu 5-enkephalin. The major sites of binding were the mucosa and the submucosal and deep muscular plexi. Other regions did not exhibit significant binding. These locations suggest that endogenous δ-opioid receptors may regulate mucosal ion transport and smooth muscle motility in the stomach.

Cell and Muscle Motility, Volume 4

Cell and Muscle Motility, Volume 4

Contractility: Muscle and Nonmuscle Motility.

Contractility: Muscle and Nonmuscle Motility.

Cell and Muscle Motility. Volume 3. Robert M. Dowben , Jerry W. Shay

Previous articleNext article No AccessNew Biological BooksCell and Muscle Motility. Volume 3. Robert M. Dowben , Jerry W. Shay Richard A. MeissRichard A. Meiss Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 58, Number 4Dec., 1983 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/413562 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1983 Stony Brook Foundation, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Cell and Muscle Motility. Vol. II. Edited by Robert M. Dowben and Jerry W. Shay. Pp. 310. (Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1982.) $39.50+20% outside U.S.A

Quarterly Journal of Experimental PhysiologyVolume 68, Issue 4 p. 750-751 ArticleFree Access Cell and Muscle Motility. Vol. II. Edited by Robert M. Dowben and Jerry W. Shay. Pp. 310. (Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1982.) $39.50+20% outside U.S.A Eric Flitney, Eric FlitneySearch for more papers by this author Eric Flitney, Eric FlitneySearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 October 1983 https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1983.sp002766AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume68, Issue4October 10, 1983Pages 750-751 RelatedInformation

Study of serum levels, venous irritation and gastrointestinal side-effects with intravenous erythromycin lactobionate in patients with bronchopulmonary infection.

Sixteen patients with bronchopulmonary infection received 500 mg erythromycin lactobionate by intravenous infusion every 8 h for 2 days. The duration of infusion was either 30 (8 patients) or 60 min (8 patients). An inline filterset (0.22 micrometer) was included in the intravenous administration set in 4 patients of each infusion group. Serum erythromycin levels were obtained before and at various times for 8 h after the first and fourth doses and before and immediately after the other doses. The incidence and severity of venous irritation and gastrointestinal side-effects were assessed. Mean (S.D.) peak erythromycin levels for the 30 min infusion were 26.31 (6.89) micrograms/ml (first dose) and 26.85 (6.11) micrograms/ml (fourth dose) and for the 60 min infusions, 23.96 (7.91) micrograms/ml (first dose) and 23.65 (6.55) micrograms/ml (fourth dose). Venous irritation was experienced by 12 patients, ranging from localized discomfort to thrombophlebitis, but the severity was significantly reduced by inline filtration (P less than 0.005). Gastrointestinal side-effects were reported by 8 patients and 1 patient withdrew because of severe abdominal pain and nausea. These symptoms were usually relieved by spasmolytic agents and possibly could be explained by high concentrations reaching the gut wall either by biliary excretion or direct transport from blood and stimulating smooth muscle motility.

Relationships Between Prostaglandins and Estrogens on the Motility of Isolated Rings From the Rat Urinary Bladder

We studied the spontaneous contractile activity and the effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on the motility of the detrusor muscle isolated from estrous and ovariectomized rats. The constancy with time of the isometric developed tension and of the frequency of contractions of preparations obtained from estrous and spayed rats were not significantly different. In addition, the basal tone was in both cases stable and comparable during the whole experiment. Indomethacin (10−5 M) or mefenamic acid (10−5 M) abolished the phasic spontaneous motility whereas the basal tone was significantly diminished with time, the decrement being stabilized after 30 or 40 minutes. The action of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis was similar in isolated rings from estrous or ovariectomized animals. Cumulative dose-response curves of PGE2, PGE1 and PGF2α demonstrated that PGF2α evoked contractions with less efficacy and potency than PGs of the E series in both experimental groups. The most important finding was that the dose-response curves of PGE2 and PGE1 were shifted to the right in preparations obtained from ovariectomized rats, whereas the reactivity to PGF2α was similar in estrus or after ovariectomy. In spayed rats injected with 17-β-estradiol the contractile response of the isolated detrusor to PGE1 had greater efficacy and potency than in preparations from untreated ovariectomized animals. The present findings suggest the possibility that micturition problems commonly found in menopause could be due to a diminished sensitivity to PGE associated to low estrogen levels.

Readable and Current Cell and Muscle Motility Robert M. Dowlen Jerry W. Shay

Readable and Current Cell and Muscle Motility Robert M. Dowlen Jerry W. Shay

Cell and Muscle Motility. Volume 1 and Volume 2.Robert M. Dowben , Jerry W. Shay

<i>Cell and Muscle Motility. Volume 1 and Volume 2.</i>Robert M. Dowben , Jerry W. Shay

Erfahrungen in der Traumatologie der Periorbita

The experiences of the Kiel Ophthalmic and E. N. T.-Hospital in the surgery of the osseous periorbita are to be described on the basis of 23 clean blow-out fractures and 13 zygoma fractures with orbital base participation. It is intended to discuss the operative indication by virtue of recent ophthalmologic findings in the field of eye muscle motility. In particular, the ligamentous apparatus around the ocular muscles in the orbital adipose tissue will be subject to examination. From these conceptions are deduced operative consequences for the therapy of the blow-out fractures as well as for the syndrome of the „Enlarged Orbit“. The clinical picture of motility disturbances with Diplopia may in the case of zygoma fractures with enlarged orbit, healed up in defective position, simulate the picture of a blow-out fracture. In these cases it does not make sense to only reconstruct the orbital base. The ophthalmologic symptoms were eliminated in enlarged orbit solely by purposive volume reduction of the orbit.

Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoan locomotion: amoeboid movement with almost no actin.

The pseudopods of Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoa move actively causing some cells to translocate when the sperm are dissected into a low osmotic strength buffered salts solution. On time-lapse video tapes, pseudopodial projections can be seen moving at 20-45 micrometers/min from the tip to the base of the pseudopod. This movement occurs whether or not the cell is attached to a substrate. Translocation of the cell is dependent on the substrate. Some spermatozoa translocate on acid-washed glass, but a better substrate is prepared by drying an extract of Ascaris uteri (the normal site of nematode sperm motility) onto glass slides. On this substrate more than half the spermatozoa translocate at a velocity (21 micrometers/min) similar to that observed in vivo. Translocating cells attach to the substrate by their pseudopodial projections. They always move toward the pseudopod; changes in direction are caused by changes in pseudopod shape that determine points of detachment and reattachment of the cell to the substrate. Actin comprises less than 0.02% of the proteins in sperm, and myosin is undetectable. No microfilaments are found in the sperm. Immunohistochemistry shows that some actin is localized in patches in the pseudopod. The movement of spermatozoa is unaffected by cytochalasins, however, so there is no evidence that actin participates in locomotion. Fertilization-defective mutants in genes fer-2, fer-4, and fer-6 produce spermatozoa with defective pseudopodial projections, and these spermatozoa are largely immotile. Mutants in the spermatozoa do not translocate. Thus pseudopod movement is correlated with the presence of normal projections. Twelve mutants with defective muscles have spermatozoa with normal movement, so these genes do not specify products needed for both muscle and nonmuscle cell motility.

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the human female reproductive tract: distribution and motor effects.

The distribution and concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the human female genital tract were studied by means of immunohistochemistry and immunochemistry. Further, the effect of VIP (10�#{176}-10’M) on the mechanical activity of uterine smooth muscle was investigated. Generally, VIP immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed among smooth muscle cells and around vessels. They were most abundant in the isthmic part of the Fallopian tube, the Outer and inner Ostium of the cervix, and in the vagina. The tissue concentration of VIP measured by immunochemistry was in good agreement with the immunohistochemical findings. VIP inhibited the spontaneous smooth muscle activity in strips from the Fallopian tube and the cervical region, but had no effect on strips from the uterine corpus. The data support the view that VIP may play a physiological role in the local controlof smooth muscle motility in the human

An analysis of the integrity of the brachial motor unit in the dystrophic chick embryo.

In New Hampshire chickens, the primary clinical symptom of dystrophy is limitation of wing motility. Examination of the brachial-level motor unit in chick embryos homozygous for dystrophy reveals abnormalities in both muscular and neural components. Wing motility in these embryos is abnormal as early as six days, and there is a corresponding lack of differentiation of the pectoralis major muscle. The findings suggest that delayed development of brachial-level neuronal pathways is responsible for the decreased wing motility and early degeneration of the pectoral muscle.

Failure of SC-19220 to affect prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1) gastric antisecretory actions

SC-19220 has been shown to inhibit some actions of PGE 1 on isolated intestinal muscle and intestinal motility. We studied the effects of this compound on PGE 1-induced inhibition of gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. In equimolar or twice molar amounts, SC-19220 did not affect PGE 1 gastric antisecretory actions. The antagonistic actions of SC-19220 appear to be selective and thus may be of clinical importance.

The use of preparations of urinary bladder smooth muscle for bioassay of and discrimination between polypeptides.

Eleven polypeptides, two prostaglandins and three amines were assayed, in parallel, by measurement of their spasmogenic effect on the isolated urinary bladder of eight animal species, the in situ bladder of three species and the isolated ureter of three species. Several of the smooth muscle preparations examined proved to be sensitive and suitable test-objects for the quantitative bioassay of different peptides. At the same time they appeared to be useful for discriminating not only between peptides belonging to different groups, but also between members of the same peptide family. It is tentatively suggested that biogenic peptides may interfere in the physiological control of motility and tone of the urinary tract smooth muscle.

Investigation of adrenaline reversal in the rat uterus by the induction of resistance to isoprenaline.

British Journal of Pharmacology and ChemotherapyVolume 29, Issue 3 p. 291-301 Free Access INVESTIGATION OF ADRENALINE REVERSAL IN THE RAT UTERUS BY THE INDUCTION OF RESISTANCE TO ISOPRENALINE ANNE TOTHILL, ANNE TOTHILL Department of Pharmacology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, LondonSearch for more papers by this author ANNE TOTHILL, ANNE TOTHILL Department of Pharmacology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, LondonSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1967 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1967.tb01960.xCitations: 23AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References Ahlquist, R. P. (1948). A study of the adrenotropic receptors. Am. J. Physiol., 153, 586– 600. Ahlquist, R. P. (1962). The adrenotropic receptor-detector. Archs int. Pharmacodyn. Ther., 139, 38– 41. Butterworth, K. R. (1963). The β-adrenergic blocking and pressor actions of isoprenaline in the cat. Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother., 21, 378– 392. Diamond, J. & Brody, T. M. (1966). Effect of catecholamines on smooth muscle motility and phosphorylase activity. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 152, 202– 211. Levy, B. & Tozzi, S. (1963). The adrenergic receptive mechanism of the rat uterus. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 142, 178– 184. Roy, E. J. & Mackay, R. (1962). The concentrations of oestrogens in blood during pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaec. Br. Commonw., 69, 13– 17. Rudzik, A. D. & Miller, J. W. (1962). The mechanism of uterine inhibitory action of relaxin-containing ovarian extracts. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 138, 82– 87. Sutherland, E. W. & Rall, T. W. (1960). The relation of adenosine-3′, 5′-phosphate and phosphorylase to the actions of catecholamines and other hormones. Pharmac. Rev., 12, 265– 299. Citing Literature Volume29, Issue3March 1967Pages 291-301 ReferencesRelatedInformation