Mother Father Research Articles

Satisfaction with Inclusive Education Services and its Relationship with Father and Mother Involvement

Parental involvement in education is essential, especially for children with special needs and the existence of inclusive schools supports children's education fairly so that inclusive education services need to prioritize services to achieve parental satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to analyze parental satisfaction with inclusive education services and their relationship to parental involvement. This research was conducted in one of the inclusive schools in East Jakarta. Samples in this study are mothers and fathers from intact families with children with special needs who attend inclusive schools with purposive sampling technique with as many as 30 married couples. The results show a significant positive relationship between the variables of mother's satisfaction with father's satisfaction and father's engagement with father's satisfaction. Moreover, mother’s engagement was significantly related to mother’s education, while mother’s satisfaction positively correlated with mother’s age. A significant negative relationship was found between mother's satisfaction and father's education; father's engagement with child's age and length of getting inclusive services. The effect test found that the father's satisfaction was significantly affected by father's involvement and mother's satisfaction, while mother’s satisfaction was significantly affected by mother’s age and father's satisfaction. Inclusive schools need to provide optimal services and involve parents in schools to feel satisfied.

Linkage, recombination and mutation rate analyses of 16 X-chromosomal STR loci in Sri Lankan Sinhalese pedigrees.

This study investigated genetic linkage, recombination fractions and mutation rates of 16 X chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) markers using a recently developed multiplex PCR assay for Sinhalese population of Sri Lanka, by analyzing 81 three-generation families including 81 grandfathers with daughters and 162 grandsons. In addition, 31 two generation families involving mother father daughter trios were included for mutation analysis. The analysis of recombination fractions between marker pairs identified two linkage blocks (maximum LOD scores > 3.0) each spanning a physical distance of 44.35Mb and 6.04Mb respectively. Though recombination events are usually rare among closely linked markers, crossovers were observed for markers located < 1.0Mb apart. The recombination fractions observed are not fully concordant with those reported earlier, including the second-generation Rutgers combined linkage-physical map. This suggests that linkage is not uniform among different populations. However, the overall and marker-specific mutation rates of the present study did not differ from previous reports, though it needs confirmation with a much larger sample set. The findings presented here will provide the baseline information required for biostatistical calculations conducted using X-STR markers, in complex kinship analysis of Sinhalese population.

Risk factors of simple obesity in preschool children in nine cities of China

Objective: To examine risk factors of simple obesity and their interaction in preschool children in China. Methods: A total of 63 292 preschool children aged 3-7 years selected by cluster random sampling in 9 cities of China, including Beijing, Harbin, Xi'an, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming, were investigated from June to November in 2016. Based on the BMI-for-age cut off points of overweight and obesity for Chinese children aged 2-18 years, a total of 1 522 obese children (1 006 boys and 516 girls) were screened. By population-based matched case-control design, a normal weight child was randomly selected to match with an obese child by sex, age (difference ≤6 months) and body height (difference ≤5 cm) from the survey area. Conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze association of risk factors with obesity and the interaction of risk factors. Results: ① Univariate conditional logistic regression model showed that 17 risk factors of simple obesity had statistical significance (P<0.001), including high birth weight, cesarean section, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, formula feeding in the first 6 months after birth, strong appetite, fast or slow eating speed, low intensity of outdoor activities, daily outdoor activity time <1 hour, daily screen viewing time < 1 hour or ≥2 hours, daily night sleep time <9 hours, mother overweight, father overweight, mother's low educational level, father's low educational level, non-nuclear family structure, and parents not being the primary caregivers of children. ②Multivariate conditional logistic regression model showed that 12 risk factors had statistical significance, including high birth weight (OR=1.83, 95%CI:1.29-2.61, P<0.001), cesarean section (OR=1.22, 95%CI:1.07-1.39, P=0.003), gestational diabetes (OR=4.57, 95%CI:2.13-9.79, P<0.001), mother's low educational level (OR=1.52, 95%CI:1.11-2.07, P=0.008), single parent family (OR=4.79, 95%CI:1.44-15.88, P=0.010), mother overweight (OR=2.58, 95%CI:1.93-3.46, P<0.001), father overweight (OR=2.40, 95%CI:1.86-3.10, P<0.001), strong appetite (OR=7.78, 95%CI:5.38-11.27, P<0.001), fast eating speed (OR=6.59, 95%CI:4.86-8.94, P<0.001), daily outdoor activity time <1 hour (OR=1.42, 95%CI: 1.09-1.85, P=0.009), daily night sleep time <9 hours (OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.13-2.23, P=0.007), daily screen viewing time ≥2 hours (OR=1.69, 95%CI:1.27-2.24, P<0.001). ③ Interaction of the four groups of risk factors had statistical significance, including interaction between mother overweight and father overweight (OR=5.53, 95%CI: 3.76-8.13, P<0.001), interaction between strong appetite and fast eating speed (OR=54.48, 95%CI: 32.95-90.06, P<0.001), interaction between low intensity of outdoor activity and daily outdoor activity time <1 hour (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.29-3.48, P=0.002), interaction between daily night sleep time <9 hours and daily screen viewing time ≥2 hours (OR=2.83, 95%CI: 1.71-4.68, P<0.001). Conclusions: This study identified 12 risk factors of childhood obesity, including high birth weight, cesarean section, gestational diabetes, mother's low educational level, single parent family, mother overweight, father overweight, strong appetite, fast eating speed, daily short outdoor activity time, daily short night sleep time, daily long screen viewing time, and interaction of the four groups of risk factors had statistical significance, including strong interaction between mother overweight and father overweight, interaction between strong appetite and fast eating speed, interaction between low intensity of outdoor activity and daily short outdoor activity time, interaction between daily short night sleep time and daily long screen viewing time.

Dyadic Effect of Coping on the Perceived Impact of ASD of Children on Parental Quality of Life: Report from the ELENA Cohort.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) of families. This study aimed to examine, for parents of children with ASD, the dyadic effect of each parent's coping strategy on the perception of the impact of ASD on their QoL. In total, 164 couples completed self-report questionnaires, including the Par-DD-QoL, to evaluate the parental perception of QoL. Results from the actor-partner interdependence model showed that, in addition to the effect of the mothers' and fathers' emotion-focused coping on their own perception of QoL, the mothers' emotion-focused coping plays a key role in the fathers' perception of QoL. These findings suggest that both parents of children with ASD would benefit from couple-focused interventions.

Psychological Forces and Spiritual Encounters: The Bruising and Breakthrough of Jacob

Jacob was shaped in his formative years by his manipulative mother and passive father. His father, in turn, had been significantly bruised by the trauma of the Akedah. The effects of this horrific event are interpreted through psychological theories, along with Winnicott's notion of the "False Self" (to understand the impact of his dominant mother on Jacob). The turning point in Jacob's life is his encounter with the "angel of God" at Peniel, which leaves him lame physically but "straightened out" in his relationship with God, thus, enabling him to take on the role of the father of the nation of Israel. He lived to 147 years and passed on to his descendants the blessing he had inherited. This study shows how psychological pressures may negatively influence (and be rescinded in) the life of someone who plays a critical role in the purposes of God.

Babaların Emzirme Sürecine Destek Olma Durumlarının, Annelerin Emzirme Öz Yeterlilikleri ve Baba Bebek Bağlanması Üzerindeki Etkisi: Kesitsel ve İlişki Arayıcı Bir Çalışma

Objective: The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of father's support to breastfeeding process on breastfeeding selfefficacy of mothers and attachment of father and infant. Material and Methods: The research is in cross-sectional type. The sample of the study consisted of 400 parents living in different cities in Türkiye (n=400). Online data collection forms that participants could apply themselves were created in the web and delivered to parents by using social media accounts, internet and social media sharing platforms about breastfeeding. Percentage, average, standard deviation, student t, one-way ANOVA (post hoc: Bonferroni), Pearson correlation tests were used for data analysis. Results: It was determined that 35.4% of mothers and 36.9% of fathers participated in the study. In the study, the mean breastfeeding self-efficacy score of the mothers was 55.30±9.28, the mean breastfeeding support score of the fathers was 131.42±28.69, and the mean father-baby attachment score was 75.11±9.41. It is observed that there is a highly positive, weak linear relationship between mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy scores and fathers' understanding of breastfeeding, helping, valuing, readiness, sensitivity sub-dimensions, total score and median attachment scores (p<0.001). In this study, it was determined that fathers' support to breastfeeding effects mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy and father infant attachment positively (p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that fathers' support for breastfeeding positively affected mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy and father-infant attachment. Health professionals should support fathers to provide them supporting their wifes for breastfeeding.

The Mozambican Modern Ghost Story (1866–2006): The Genealogy of a Genre by Peter J. Maurits

Reviewed by: The Mozambican Modern Ghost Story (1866–2006): The Genealogy of a Genre by Peter J. Maurits Thomas Waller Peter J. Maurits, The Mozambican Modern Ghost Story (1866–2006): The Genealogy of a Genre (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2022). 214 pages. Print and ebook. xiv + 214 pages. There is a long and high-quality tradition of English-language scholarship on Mozambican literature. The landmark publications of Hilary Owen's Mother Africa, Father Marx and Phillip Rothwell's A Postmodern Nationalist in the early 2000s set the benchmark for subsequent work in the field by analysing the subversion and redefinition of narratives of Mozambican nationhood, and the deconstruction of discourses of gender and sexuality, in the work of authors such as Noémia de Sousa, Lília Momplé, Paulina Chiziane, and Mia Couto. More recently, monographs by Eleanor Jones, Ana Margarida Martins, and Maria Tavares have carried forward this line of research with new work engaging the theory of biopolitics, the publishing dynamics of the global literary marketplace, and the legacy of the anti-colonial nationalist movement in Mozambique. While there are points of divergence and disagreement within this scholarship, two of its characteristic features are a preoccupation with the category of national identity and a theoretical affinity with postcolonial studies, a field in which the experiences of Portuguese-speaking African societies have historically been either under-represented or ignored. Each in their own [End Page 96] way, these scholars read Mozambican literature through the framework of the postcolonial nation-state, which the texts are then seen alternately to challenge, re-examine, contest, or deconstruct. Peter J. Maurits's new book The Mozambican Modern Ghost Story approaches Mozambican literature from a different perspective. Published in Peter Lang's book series 'Reconfiguring Identities in the Portuguese-speaking World', its orientation does not come from postcolonial theory, nor is it principally concerned with the themes of gender and sexuality, and while it has much to say about the trajectory of Mozambican nationhood, its scope transcends the bounding limits of the national framework to encompass a global horizon of political economy. The structure of the book is organized in five chapters of more or less equal length. The first chapter introduces key concepts and summarizes the monograph's thesis, that there exists a 'Mozambican modern ghost story'. The second chapter then presents the category of the modern ghost story through an analysis of the work of Walter Scott, with a particular focus on his 1827 short story 'The Highland Widow'. The third chapter identifies prototypes of the Mozambican modern ghost story in the work of the nineteenth-century poet Campos de Oliveira and in Orlando Mendes's important 1966 episodic novel Portagem. The fourth chapter theorizes the consolidation of the Mozambican modern ghost story proper in the period of the late 1980s, when Mozambique was transitioning from Marxism-Leninism to free-market capitalism. Finally, the fifth chapter argues, through a close reading of Mia Couto's novel O outro pé da sereia, that the Mozambican modern ghost story re-emerged in the first decade of the twenty-first century to respond to the economic effects of neoliberal globalization. One of the virtues of Maurits's book is that it engages with two traditions that have received relatively short shrift in English-language work on Mozambican literature: Marxist social theory and world-literary studies. The first two sentences of The Mozambican Modern Ghost Story establish its argument at the outset at the intersection of these two fields: 'This book will argue that a Mozambican modern ghost story exists and that it registers primitive accumulation. It shows how literary form—a genre—can alter when it moves, temporally and spatially, through the world-literary system, and reacts with different forms and raw materials' (p. ix). A materialist commitment to the theory and critique of global capitalism is thereby paired with a sensitivity to the unevenness of the production and circulation of world-literary texts in a system stratified by power and inequality. Whereas the former preoccupation leads Maurits to theories of the aesthetic mediation of capitalist social form, and to the likes of Fredric Jameson and Pierre Macherey, the latter leads him to world...

Victor Gacek (1955–2022)

On 16 October 2022, Victor Gacek, aged 66 years of Scarborough, Yorkshire. Mr Gacek registered with the Society in 1978. Tribute Friends and colleagues have been shocked by the sudden passing of Vic. He was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, to a Polish mother and Russian father. He excelled at school and gained entry to the Bachelor […]

Effectiveness of Educational Intervention on Knowledge Regarding Child Abuse among School Students in a Sub-Metropolitan City

INTRODUCTION: Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development. The objective was focused to measure the effectiveness of educational intervention on knowledge regarding child abuse among school students at Janakpurdham, submetropolitan city.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in Janaki higher secondary english school, at Janakpurdham, Dhanusha. One group pre-test and post-test design was used. A self- administered structured questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge regarding child abuse among participants. Differential and inferential statistics were used to analyse data by SPSS package.&#x0D; RESULTS: Out of total 44 participants, 12 (27.3%) participants had poor level of knowledge in pre-test whereas none had poor knowledge in post-test. 25 (56.8%) participants had average level of knowledge in pre-test but only 15 (34.1%) had average level in post- test. 7 (15.9%) participants had good level of knowledge in pre-test, however 29 (65.9%) had good level of knowledge in post-test. The scores of pre-test 18.80 (3.87) and post-test 24.23 (2.78) were found to be statistically significant. There was no any association between level of knowledge in pre-test and post-test with their selected socio-demographic variables except sex, education status of mother and occupation of father in post-test.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: Majority of participants had average level of knowledge in pre-test that was increased to good knowledge in post-test. The scores of pre-test and post-test were found to be statistically significant which determined the effectiveness of educational intervention programme.

An ethnic ethnographic review: The kinship system of the Dayak Ribun tribe in West Kalimantan

This research aims to explore the kinship system of the Dayak Ribun tribe in West Kalimantan. It uses the kinship system tree to visualize the relationship roots. This effort is also based on the refinement of the tree that has existed in the past. Moreover, the method used is an ethnographic approach, where data collection is carried out explicitly using observation, in-depth interviews, and live-in. Ethnic ethnography is gathering a variety of information from its source. According to the results, the kinship system in the Dayak Ribun community is bilateral, that is, relations through two family lineages, both sides of the mother or wife and father or husband. The principle of heredity is bilateral, where the responsibilities of husband and wife are the same in the family, both in children's education and in controlling the family economy. The marriage of a family member who is still a descendant from both the father and the mother is strictly prohibited, which is only allowed to marry between cousins ​​three times. In the distribution of inheritance, there is no difference between sons and daughters. Still, there are differences in some instances, especially for those who remain with their parents. They will get a higher share because they are responsible for their parents' old age until they die.

A Study on the Impact of Parent-child Relationship and Socioeconomic Status on Problem Behaviour among Children

Aim: The aim of study was to examine whether there exists significant difference in problem behavior among children with the variation in socioeconomic status in the family and parent child relationship (mother-child and father-child relationship).&#x0D; Study Design: A cross-sectional analytical study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Data collected in group (maximum with 20 participants by maintaining necessary Covid protocols) at schools in Kolkata with special appointment and after taking consent from the school authority and the participants in November, 2021.&#x0D; Methodology: 100 Bengali parents as participants from Kolkata with 30 to 45 years of age and having children within 10 years of age were included following necessary inclusion criteria. The tools used for the study were an information schedule, modified Kuppuswamy SES scale, the Child Behaviour Checklist and parent child relationship scale.&#x0D; Results: Results revealed that the problem behavior in children differed significantly due to the variation in socioeconomic status of the family and parent child relationship (in terms of mother child and father child relationship). Thus, the impact of socioeconomic status and parent child relationship on problem behavior among children is significant (P&lt; .001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study concludes that there are significant impact of socioeconomic status and parent child relationship on problem behavior of the children. The present study has implications in emphasizing that socioeconomic status of the family and nature of parent child relationship play a pivotal role in generating internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors sometimes separately and sometimes together which gradually may turn into developing chronic psychological disturbances. Therefore, immediate measures should be taken to develop concern and to implement psychological intervention.

Perceived Mother–Father Dyad Parenting Typologies Across Four Regions in the United States

Although much research has investigated parenting styles, few studies have examined parenting across regions of the United States. The current study used a nationwide sample to examine perceived maternal and paternal parenting in four regions of the United States: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West. Participants included 1080 emerging adults who answered questionnaires regarding their perceptions of maternal and paternal parenting styles using an online survey. In all regions, the largest profile indicated a parenting style of High Authoritative/Authoritarian and Moderate Permissive mothers and fathers. Similarly, all regions indicated profiles that were High or Very High Authoritarian mothers and fathers. All regions except the West had a profile with High Authoritative mothers and High or Very High Authoritarian fathers. The Northeast, South, and West also had unique profiles found only in those regions. Thus, results indicate similarities as well as distinct differences in parenting style across regions of the United States.

Double Consciousness in Hanif Kureishi’s The Black Album

This article throws light on the issue of identity and Double Consciousness which creates traumatic effects on the psyche, identity and culture of Shahid, the representative of South Asian Immigrants depicted in Hanif Kureishi’s The Black Album in Britain. In The Black Album, Shahid is depicted as a South Asian British Muslim who looks at himself from the eyes of the White British and he finds two-ness in himself, which is similar to W. E. B. Du Bois’ theory of Double Consciousness that “is the sense of always looking at one’s self from the eyes of others” (2). So, the article reveals the double consciousness of Shahid, the protagonist who carries hybrid identity for having British White mother and Pakistani Muslim father. Because of being a South Asian Muslim immigrant living under the hegemony of White Supremacy in Britain, he experiences Double Consciousness, which causes his inferiority complex, lack of self-esteem, rootlessness, in-betweenness and fragmentation of identity. Thus, the article deals with the Double Consciousness within the binary opposition between the East and West, Islamic Fundamentalist and Western Liberalism, and Pakistani Identity and British Identity. According to the theorists Homi Bhabha, Edward Said and Frantz Fanon, the colonized people who become immigrants in the postcolonial era suffer from identity crisis and double consciousness as they face segregation, racism, discrimination and various other forms of Othering.

Impact of parental bonding on academic resilience

Parent-child relationships are silent predictors for fostering the resilience in the academic arena of children. Parental bonding denotes the intensive attachment that develops between parental and their children through the process of mutual relations. In the field of academic it removes the adversity on part of child and makes him capable to face the academic and personal challenges effectively. Parental bonding emerged as an effective temperament that influences the academic associated activities of the child. It provides an anti-maltreatment approach for shaping the physical, psychological and academic capital of students. The survival and development of the child is mainly based on parental bonding. Parental bonding provides an abundant opportunity for children to boast their own pace in the field of learning. Parental bonding as a life span development has deeply rooted right from the infancy stage to last moments of life by establishing toddler relationship with mother father of primary caregiver. In the later stages of life, parental bonding gradually develops the resilience among children and make them enough competent to cope the stress and challenges in the field of academies. Indian education system is at stake because there is prevalence of heavy overload of academics and tough competition.

Development and Psychometric Properties of the Sleep Parenting Scale for Infants

Although infants’ sleep behaviors are shaped by their interactions with parents at bedtime, few tools exist to capture parents’ sleep parenting practices. This study developed a Sleep Parenting Scale for Infants (SPS-I) and aimed to (1) explore and validate its factorial structure, (2) examine its measurement invariance across mothers and fathers, and (3) investigate its reliability and concurrent and convergent validity. SPS-I was developed via a combination of items modified from existing scales and the development of novel items. Participants included 188 mothers and 152 mother–father dyads resulting in 340 mothers and 152 fathers; about half were non-Hispanic white. Mothers and fathers completed a 14-item SPS-I for their 12-month-old infant. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to explore and validate SPS-I’s underlying structure. Multigroup CFA was used to examine measurement invariance across mothers and fathers. Reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha. Concurrent validity was assessed using linear regressions examining associations between SPS-I factors and parent-reported infants nighttime sleep duration. Convergent validity was assessed using paired-sample t-tests to test whether the SPS-I subscale scores were similar between mothers and fathers in the same household. EFA and CFA confirmed a 3-factor, 12-item model: sleep routines, sleep autonomy, and screen media in the sleep environment. SPS-I was invariant across mothers and fathers and was reliable. Concurrent and convergent validity were established. SPS-I has good psychometric properties, supporting its use for characterizing sleep routines, sleep autonomy, and screen media in the sleep environment by mothers and fathers. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2021.2002799 .

Learning Engagement and Its Influencing Factors Among High School Students in Economically Developed Areas in China

Objective: To explore the characteristics and its relevant factors of learning engagement among high school students in economically developed areas in China. Methods: 808 high school students in Guangdong Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling. They were investigated with Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student-Chinese Version (UWES-S-CV), Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES), Interpersonal Comprehensive Diagnostic Scale (ICDS), Short-Form Egna Minnen AV Barndoms Uppprostran (s-EMBU), Emotional Support Questionnaire for Middle School Students to Understand Teachers (ESQUT) and a self-compiled general personal information questionnaire. Results: ⑴ The total score of UWES-S-CV, ASES, ICDS and the scores of three dimensions in UWES-S-CV, two subscales of ASES and four dimensions of ICDS, as well as the mother overprotection of s-EMBU were at the medium level. The total score of ESQUT and its four dimensions were at the medium high level. The scores of father’s and mother’s warmth of s-EMBU were at the high level, while the score of father’ negation, mother's negation and father's overprotection were at the low level. ⑵ Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that 12 factors such as student origin, school category, class category, learning interest, the teaching method used most commonly, mother's education level, learning behavior self-efficacy, learning ability self-efficacy, father's warmth, mother's warmth, care and encouragement were positively correlated with the total score of UWES-S-CV (β=.120~.433, all P&lt;.01), while grade, family economic status, self-rated learning burden, communication and making friends, father’s negation and mother’s negation were negatively correlated with the total score of UWES-S-CV (β=-. 073~ -. 407, all P &lt;. 05). Conclusion The learning engagement among high school students needs to be improved. Social environment, family rearing style, school education and teaching style, as well as individual factors may be the main influencing factors of high school students' learning engagement.

Examining adolescent daughters' and their parents’ academic-gender stereotypes: Predicting academic attitudes, ability, and STEM intentions

IntroductionWomen continue to be underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and research suggests that academic-gender stereotypes can be a contributing factor. In the present research, we examined whether adolescent daughters' and their parents' gender stereotypes about math and liberal arts would predict the academic orientation of daughters at a critical time of career related decision-making. Methods: Participants included girls in late adolescence (N = 185, Mage = 17) and at least one parent (N = 230, Mage = 49), resulting in 147 mother-daughter dyads and 83 father-daughter dyads. Implicit academic-gender stereotypes were measured using an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and explicit stereotypes, academic attitudes, academic ability, and daughters' intentions to pursue a degree in STEM were measured using self-reports. Results: Neither mothers' nor fathers' implicit or explicit academic-gender stereotypes predicted adolescent daughters' implicit stereotypes; however, fathers' explicit stereotypes predicted daughters' explicit stereotypes. In addition, daughters' academic orientation, a latent variable composed of adolescent girls' academic attitudes, academic ability, and intentions to pursue a degree in STEM, was predicted by daughters' own implicit and explicit stereotypes. This was the case for relative orientation toward math versus liberal arts, as well as math (but not liberal arts) orientation. Conclusions: These findings suggest the importance of challenging academic-gender stereotypes during adolescence and suggest that at this stage in development, mothers' and fathers' academic stereotypes might have limited relation to daughters’ own implicit associations with academic domains.

Mothers' and fathers' perceptions of daily mealtime coparenting

The current study is the first to examine mothers' and fathers' perceptions of mealtime-specific daily coparenting support from their partner. We investigated relations between parents' reports of mealtime-specific coparenting support, global coparenting support, and discrepancies in parents' controlling feeding practices. One-hundred families (67 participating partners) of 3- to 5-year-old children participated. Parents reported daily on coparenting support and feeding practices for seven consecutive days. Preliminary analyses pooling across the week were conducted using correlations, t-tests, and analyses of variance. Although parents' perceptions of global coparenting and mealtime-specific coparenting support were correlated, both mothers and fathers perceived less coparenting support at mealtime than overall in their parenting role. When partners were present at the dinnertime meal, parents perceived greater mealtime coparenting support and mothers also perceived greater global coparenting support from fathers compared to when partners were not present. Using a subsample of families where both mothers and fathers were present at the dinner meal, we used dyadic multilevel models to analyze daily behaviors. These models showed significant daily variability in mothers' mealtime-specific coparenting support from fathers. Fathers' mealtime coparenting support from mothers did not vary day-to-day. On days when mothers perceived greater global coparenting support from their partners, mothers also perceived greater mealtime support. After accounting for the main effects of mothers' and fathers' pressure and restriction, on days when parents reported greater discrepancies between their pressuring feeding practices, mothers perceived less mealtime coparenting support than usual. Results suggest that mealtimes are a challenging context for interparental teamwork, particularly for mothers who receive inconsistent support day-to-day.

КЛИНИКО-ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИЗНАКИ НЕДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННОЙ ДИСПЛАЗИИ СОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТКАНИ У ДЕТЕЙ С ДИСПЛАЗИЕЙ ТАЗОБЕДРЕННЫХ СУСТАВОВ

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is characterized by varying degrees of underdevelopment of the hip joint (HJ) and para-articular tissues with numerous variants of clinical and anatomical criteria. It is now considered one of the manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD), which is confirmed by genetic testing. Undoubtedly, children with DDH also have other manifestations of UCTD, the clinical combination of which must be taken into account for the overall prognosis of the patient's quality of life, as well as the determination of control points in the treatment and prevention of the disease. Materials and methods of research: a singlestage observational screening study was carried out involving 785 children (578 girls and 207 boys) from 2 to 14 years old (7,5±1,5 years) with a radiographically confirmed diagnosis of DDH of various variants (torsion-valgus deformity, subluxation , dislocation in the vehicle). The control group consisted of 259 children (140 girls and 119 boys) without HJ pathology, who were examined at the Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery for preparation for a kindergarten/school/sports section, comparable in age (6,5±1,3 years). The criteria for selecting UCTD was the Bayesian classifier modified by T.I. Kadurina and V.N. Gorbunova, including the 50 most common clinical markers. For analysis the clinical anamnestic method, instrumental data of somatic symptom disorder test was used. Results: after summing up the scores in children with DDH, grade I UCTD was diagnosed in 40,0% (314), grade II – in 36,1% (283) and grade III – in 23,9% (188). In most cases, symptoms of UCTD with an Ehlers-Danlos-like syndrome were noted, which are characterized by changes in the musculoskeletal system, skin, connective tissue elements of internal organs (hypermobility of the joints, stretchable skin, anatomical disorders of the heart valves, bile ducts, etc.) or signs of UCTD with an unclassifiable phenotype when there is a variety of stigmas. All children in this group have joint hypermobility, myotonic syndrome, and various types of posture disorders. In the control group with DDH, 27,4% (71) noted the burdened heredity in the pathology of the musculoskeletal system on the mother's or father's side. In the control group the signs of UCTD stigma were also diagnosed, however, the degree of their severity and occurrence were significantly lower (p&lt;0,05). In these children, the most significant were changes in the organ of vision, nervous system, maxillofacial region, digestive tract and a decrease in immune function. Conclusion: manifestations of UCTD are significantly more common in children with DDH compared with healthy children; pathology of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems prevails in the structure of UCTD stigmas. In the pathogenesis of DDH, a genetic predisposition is realized (45,5%, 357 children), hypermobility of joints, myatonic syndrome were observed in all children in the study group. Manifestations of UCTD were also found in the control group, however, the stigmas were of a visceral nature of lesions and impairments from the sense organs, which is not the subject of a pediatric orthopedist's study. Thus, the features of UCTD in children with DDH are considered as a predictor of the pathology severity.

Parental stress among Norwegian fathers and mothers: Similarities and differences

Although fathers are increasingly involved in childrearing, less is known about how parental stress is perceived among mothers and fathers separately. The present study investigated the construct validity of the PSS in a community-based sample of Norwegian father–mother dyads with a child aged 4. A total of 1030 mothers and fathers ( N = 515 dyads) responded to the PSS, which is a much used instrument that assesses stress related to childrearing across 18 items. Construct validity was investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the multitrait–multimethod approach (MTMM). The results revealed that six of the items showed extensive ceiling-effects for both parents, and were excluded from further analysis. Dimensionality was examined for the remaining 12 PSS items. The results supported a two-factor solution for both fathers and mothers, reflecting parental stressors (9 items) and lack of rewards (3 items). The MTMM approach indicated convergent and discriminant validity across traits (Parental stressors and Lack of rewards) and methods (father vs mother rating). We also explored the network of PSS items for mothers and fathers, and found both similarities and differences. Overall, the results of the factor analyses have implications for the use of the PSS. The networks of PSS suggest that some items may be especially important when addressing parental stress with mothers and fathers.