Mother Attachment Research Articles

Attachment, distancing, and the working alliance in drama therapy

Abstract This study investigates the interaction of attachment styles and drama therapy (DT) techniques at various levels of therapeutic distance during brief therapy. Five mothers with children diagnosed with psychiatric disorders participated in a DT support group. Mother attachment styles and their responses to DT techniques were assessed using the Relationships Scales Questionnaire (RSQ). Participants had insecure attachment styles and appeared to prefer an overdistanced approach. Therefore, attuning to client attachment styles may help drama therapists titrate distance and support the therapeutic process.

The design of children clothes keeping up with global fashion trends for safe, sustainable and ecological printing methods

The mother is the source of compassion, love, affection and the focal Point which the right socialization process of every child in the world depending on. Since the birth of the Child, it starts to interchange the communication letter with the mother through the non-verbal symbols, signs and movements to express its consent, feeling pain or the joy of coming to the world of life. So, we find the mother attachment to her child since the first moments of his life, as she knows its needs and requirements.We find that most Children in the age of about a month interact with their mothers differently from their interaction with other people, and here starts the so-called "attachment" between the child and his mother or the process of Matriarchal Link.The "Attachment" itself is one of the manifestations of social behavior of the child, but we can say that it is the most effective behavioral patterns, and the most important for growth in the early stages following the cradle and breastfeeding stage. The attachment is the desire of the child to be very close to the degree of the suction cup to an adult person of those around it who has a certain status toward it, and this attachment in a large percentage is an attachment to the mother.Although girls learn to help themselves in about the same age when the boys do, but they tend to show the attachment behavior more than boys, as they show a greater need to physical attachment to their parents, and this difference due to the behavior which community expect of each sex, and because of this attachment, girls tend to imitate their mothers in many things and the most important looked for in this young age is to wear similar clothes to their mothers'.

Child–mother attachments in the face of grandparent HIV

ABSTRACTChild–mother attachment, as observed in the Strange Situation (SSP), was assessed in 61 families affected by HIV and 18 neighborhood comparison families not affected by HIV, but of similar ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Children were aged one to three years at the assessment. Secure attachment was significantly less likely among children in the HIV-affected group than among comparison group children (36% versus 67%). The most common pattern of attachment in the HIV-affected group was disorganized/disoriented, observed in 41% of children (versus 22% of comparison children). Children from families that included a surviving grandparent with HIV showed disorganized attachments more often than children whose grandparents died (53% versus 36%). Child attachment classifications were not associated with families’ participation in a family-based, cognitive-behavioral HIV intervention. These results document the inter-generational impact of young mothers’ who were growing up with an HIV-infected parent. These findings suggest that families affected by HIV may benefit from interventions that address attachment issues.

Prediction of Teenager Depression Based on Social Skill, Peer Attachment, Parental Attachment and Self-esteem

<p>The study examined prediction of teenager depression based on social skill, peer attachment, parental attachment and self-esteem. The type of this study is descriptive-corolation. Data from survey of 382 high school daughter students in basis of morgan sampling table were used. At this study we used Multistage Cluster Method for sampeling. Information of this study collecting by Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (2002), Social Skills Inventory and Foster teen Ayndrbytzn TISS (1992), Test Adolescent Attachment to Parent and Peer (IPPA-R) (1978) and Ruchester Self-Esteem Scale (1998). The Statistical method used for data analysis in the study is Multivariable regression and Pearson correlation. The results indicated that there was reversed significant relation between teenager Depression and Social Skills. There was also reverse significant realation between Depression, Peer and Parent Attachment and Self-Esteem. Furthermore it revealed that between mother attachment and father attachment, mother attachment had more share on prediction of adolescence depression. Among three variables of social skills, parental attachment, peer attachment and self-esteem the social skill had the least effect on prediction of adolescent depression but others had a significant effect.</p>

Preschoolers’ distress and regulatory behaviors vary as a function of infant–mother attachment security

Children (N=98) with higher attachment security scores, and lower resistance and avoidance scores during the Strange Situation at 16 months demonstrated somewhat more adaptive observed and mother-reported emotion regulation as preschoolers independent of maternal behavior.

The Dialogic Body and the Humanist Woman in the Self-Portraiture of Catherine des Roches

In her “Dialogue de Sincero et de Charite”, Catherine des Roches creates an equally intelligent and lettered character in Charite, who embodies both erudition and erotic desire. A reading of the “corporal [af]filiation” between mother and daughter indeed reveals the symbiotic attachment of mother and daughter in both literary and social spheres. Yet a more refined version of Catherine’s self-fashioning can be glimpsed in her Missives. Through a juxtaposition of these two characters, to varying degrees historical and fictional, the image of a dialogical body emerges in the Œuvres. What might be described as a hybrid self-portrait thus exposes a distinct vision that the epithet of “tresvertueuse et docte fille” obscures: in Charite, who both reflects and extends the first-person narrator of the poems and letters, Catherine des Roches inscribes a dialogic body that is at once learned and sensuous, resistant and engaged―in short, a new model for the humanist woman.

Relations between Parenting Stress, Attachment, and Life Satisfaction in Mothers of Adolescent Children

Abstract Causal relations between parenting stress, attachment, and life satisfaction tested in previous studies are multidirectional, even though grounded in respective theories. Additionally, relations between them are dependent on multiple factors viable to act as potential confounders. We set out to analyze the relation between parenting stress of mothers and their life satisfaction as mediated through their general attachment orientations treated as personal resources hypothesized to act as the filter toward their parenting experiences. Three questions were asked: Is the parenting stress-life satisfaction link mediated through attachment? Does the mediation mechanism differ when attachment dimensions of avoidance and anxiety are analyzed? Is the mediation effect sensitive to potential confounding factors? Data from 575 mothers of adolescents were collected using self-reports. Results revealed that parenting stress-life satisfaction relation is partially mediated through attachment, and that the mediation mechanism is different when anxious or avoidant attachment dimensions are analyzed. Sensitivity analysis revealed that mediation models are sensitive to potentially confounding factors. Trying to tackle potential confounders, we tested economic status and the number of children the mother ever had. None of them had enough power to decrease mediation effects. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications, causality, and recommendations for further research.

The Effects of Pregnancy-Adaptation Training on Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Adaptation in Pregnant Women With a History of Baby Loss.

BackgroundStudies have shown that educating mothers can improve their adaptation to pregnancy and motherhood roles. There are also studies that have investigated the effects of certain interventions on maternal-fetal attachment. However, studies on the effects of maternal adaptation training on maternal-fetal attachment in mothers with a history of fetal or baby loss are rare.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of a pregnancy adaptation training package on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women with a history of baby loss.Patients and MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 pregnant women with previous fetal or neonatal death in 2014. The women were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The pregnant women in the experimental group received routine prenatal education in addition to four sessions of a pregnancy adaption training package. The control group received only routine prenatal education. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Cranley’s maternal-fetal attachment scale, and a prenatal self-evaluation questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the study. The data analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and spearman correlation coefficient tests.ResultsBefore the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences between the study and control groups in terms of maternal-fetal attachment (P = 0.280) and adaptation to pregnancy (P = 0.883). However, following the intervention, the mean score of the maternal-fetal attachment was significantly higher in the experimental group, when compared with the control (77.57 ± 7.23 vs. 61.53 ± 2.62; P = 0.001). In addition, the mean post-intervention adaptation to pregnancy score was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (118.89 ± 8.12 vs. 126.38 ± 4.17; P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe pregnancy adaptation training package increased the adaptation and maternal-fetal attachment scores in pregnant women with a history of baby loss.

Magas rizikófaktorú deviáns-veszélyeztetett fiatalok iskolai kötődései

A kötődés alapvetően az anya és a gyermek kapcsolatának ismérveit feltáró viselkedéses rendszer, melyet Jonh Bowlby definiált a hatvanas évek végén. Azóta a kötődés már nem csak ebben a klasszikus viszonyrendszerben értelmezhető: számos alterülete bontakozott ki, melyek közül az egyik, napjainkban igen nagy jelentőséggel bíró, az iskolai kötődés. Az alábbi tanulmányban egy magas rizikófaktorú deviáns-veszélyeztetett fiatalok kötődésvizsgálatával foglalkozó pilotkutatás második része kerül bemutatásra. A vizsgálat során deviáns-veszélyeztetett és nem veszélyeztetett fiatalok iskolához fűződő kötődéserőssége került feltárásra, kérdőíves módszerrel. A kutatás fókuszában voltaképpen az állt, hogy megjelenhet-e az iskola másodlagos, illetve pót-kötődési tárgyként a fiatalok esetében, hatványozva ezzel védőfaktor-funkcióját.A tanulmány első felében a normától való eltérés ismérvei és annak következményei, a többszörös kötődés Bowlby-féle elképzelése, illetve az iskolai kötődés különböző aspektusai kerülnek bemutatásra. A második részben pedig az empirikus vizsgálat eredményei olvashatóak, külön hangsúlyt fektetve az iskolai kötődés intenzitásának különbségeire, a tanárokhoz fűződő viszony analízisére, illetve, a korábbi vizsgálati eredmények összefűzésével, az iskolai és az anyai kötődés koherenciájára.

Maternal labor force participation and differences by education in an urban birth cohort study - 1998-2010

Maternal labor force participation has increased dramatically over the last 40 years, yet surprisingly little is known about longitudinal patterns of maternal labor force participation in the years after a birth, or how these patterns vary by education. We document variation by maternal education in mothers' labor force participation (timing, intensity, non-standard work, multiple job-holding) over the first nine years after the birth of a child. We use the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N~3000) to predict longitudinal labor force participation in a recent longitudinal sample of mothers who gave birth in large US cities between 1998 and 2000. Families were followed until children were age 9, through 2010. Labor force participation gradually increases in the years after birth for mothers with high school or less education, whereas for mothers with some college or more, participation increases between ages 1 and 3 and then remains mostly stable thereafter. Mothers with less than high school education have the highest rates of unemployment (actively seeking work), which remain high compared with all other education groups, whose unemployment declines over time. Compared with all other education groups, mothers with some college have the highest rates of labor force participation, but also high rates of part-time employment, non-standard work, and multiple job-holding. Simple conceptualizations of labor force participation do not fully capture the dynamics of labor force attachment for mothers in terms of intensity, timing of entry, and type of work hours, as well as differences by maternal education.

Effectiveness of an Attachment-Based Intervention Program in Promoting Emotion Regulation and Attachment in Adolescent Mothers and their Infants: A Pilot Study.

This pilot study examined the effectiveness of an attachment-based intervention program, PRERAYMI, based on video technique, psychological counseling and developmental guidance in improving the style of interaction and emotion regulation of adolescent mothers and their infants after 3 and 6 months of intervention. Analyses revealed that adolescent mothers who participated in the intervention (vs. control group adolescent mothers) increased their Sensitivity and reduced their Controlling style after both 3 and 6 months of treatment. Infants who participated in the intervention (vs. control group infants) increased their Cooperative style and reduced their Passive style from 3 to 9 months. Moreover, the intervention group dyads (vs. control group dyads) increased the amount of time spent in affective positive coordination states (matches), decreased the amount of time spent in affective mismatches, and had a greater ability to repair mismatches from 3 to 9 months. Furthermore, the intervention group dyads (vs. control group dyads) increased the amount of time spent in reciprocal involvement in play with objects from 3 to 9 months. The quality of maternal attachment did not affect the intervention effect.

The Effects of Parental Attachment, Peer Attachment, and Teacher Attachment on Children’s Happiness in Elementary School Students in Higher Grades：With a Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Self-Regulation Abilities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of self-regulation abilities on the relationships between parental attachment, peer attachment, teacher attachment and children`s happiness in elementary school students in higher grades. The subjects of this study were selected from 4th-6th grade students residing in Dae-gu and Kyung-buk using questionnaires from May 1st to July 1st in 2014. The statistical analysis program(SPSS) was used for analyzing the collected data from the research in correlation analysis. To examine the mediating effects of self-regulation abilities on the relationship between parental attachment, peer attachment and teacher attachment and children`s happiness, the Baron and Kenny(1986) model was used.. The results are as follows. First, in the case of father attachment, mother attachment, peer attachment, and teacher attachment, self-regulation abilities and children`s happiness, as perceived by higher grade elementary school children positive correlations were observed. Second, in terms of relative effects of father attachment, mother attachment, peer attachment and teacher attachment on children`s happiness, mother attachment was observed to have the most effect on children`s happiness. Third, self-regulation abilities, as perceived by the children, mediated the effect of father attachment, mother attachment, peer attachment, and teacher attachment amongst higher grade elementary school students and the subsequent affect on children`s happiness.

Four‐model approach to adolescent–parent attachment relationships and adolescents' loneliness, school belonging, and teacher appraisal

AbstractThis study tested monotropy, hierarchy, independence, and integration conceptual models of adolescent–mother and adolescent–father attachment to explain adolescents' perceived social interrelationships with extrafamilial attachment figures (peers, teachers). Participants included 356 Israeli adolescents (12–15 years). More adolescents were significantly classified as securely attached to mothers than to fathers, but high concordances emerged. Results supported two of the attachment models, hierarchy and integration, as explaining variation in adolescents' perceived extrafamilial interrelationships. As per the hierarchy attachment model, adolescent–mother attachment outweighed adolescent–father attachment to some extent in predicting adolescents' perceived social interrelationship measures. As per the integration attachment model, significant differences emerged on most social interrelationship measures between the 4 distinct subgroups: secure attachment to both parents, neither, only father, only mother. The Discussion section focuses on the unique importance of attachment to each parent for typically developing junior high students.

Relationship between attachment behavior and social adaptation among left-behind middle school students: mediation effect of sense of responsibility

Objective To explore the relationship between responsibility and social adaptation of the left-behind middle school students and to provide evidence for mental health education of left-behind children. Methods 290 left-behind middle school students were selected by cluster-random-sampling. All of them were assessed by the middle school students' social adaptability scale (SAS-SSS), the inventory of parent and peer attachment(IPPA) and the scale of high school students' responsibility. Results The correlation between responsibility, attachment behavior and social adaptation of left-behind middle school students were significant(r=0.39, r=0.56, P<0.01). There were significant differences between gender on the responsibility(male(202.64±26.78) vs female(212.67±23.24)). Regression analysis showed that mother attachment, overall responsibility, general responsibility and special fault responsibility could predict the social adaptation(P<0.05). Responsibility and its factors played a mediating role between attachment and adaptation, taking 52.1%, 20.1%, 30.8%, 9.1%, 47.9%, 40.7% proportion of the total effect. Conclusion Responsibility is an important factor affecting the social adaptation of left-behind middle school students. Key words: Left-behind middle school students; Responsibility; Companion attachment; Parents attachment; Social adaptation

Impact of maternal mental health on maternal-child interaction in attendees in a community health clinic in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Maternal mental health, in particular depression, has been found to negatively impact mother-child interaction, attachment, stimulation, growth, and many important aspects of development in the young child. These early deficits if sustained and unattended may have negative immediate and long-term consequences on the outcomes in the child. The study aimed to assess psychological distress and postpartum depression in mothers, and their relationship to the mother-child interaction. Methodology: This is a descriptive clinic-based study. Eligible and consenting mothers are attending the child immunization clinic in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria participated. Consecutive mothers completed the interview questionnaires independently while those who were not literate had the questionnaires administered by trained interviewers. Instruments used were a sociodemographic proforma, the General Health Questionnaire-12, Mother and Infant Attachment Scale (MIAS), and the Zung Depression Scale. Results: In total, ninety-eight women were enrolled, 66.3% were aged between 26 and 35 years, and mean age of 30.9 years (±5.1 standard deviation). Most were aged between 26 and 35 years (66.3%). Over 90% had at secondary school education or more. Over a 10 th (13.3%) was unemployed and 96% married. The children were aged between 6 weeks and 1 year, males (63.1%), and females (46.9%), and the majority were born by spontaneous vaginal delivery (82.7%). A 10 th (10.2%) of the women had probable psychiatric morbidity, 14.3% had scores suggestive of postpartum depression, and 18 (16.3%) scored below average attachment in interaction with their children on the MIAS. There was an association found between reduced maternal-child attachment interaction and maternal depression (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Emotional disorders, such as depression, in mothers can be associated reduced maternal-child interaction. It is important that integrated mental health care services be offered to women.

Mother-infant Attachment Styles as a Predictor of Aggression

Background: Aggression is a phenomenon that causes irreversible damage to a community. Psychodynamic theory suggests that aggression is rooted in early relationships with family members, especially mother. According to this theory, infant-mother relationship is a major predictor of an individual’s behavior from childhood to adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between mother-infant attachment styles and aggression. Methods:This study was conducted on 150 university students (75 female, 75 male) randomly selected from Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan, Iran. Data were collected via demographic questionnaires, Persian version of Adult Attachment Inventory (AAS) (Hazen and Shaver) and Ahvaz Aggression Inventory (AAI). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Results: According to our findings, secure mother-infantattachment had a significant negative correlation with aggression. In addition, ambivalent mother-infantattachment had a significant positive correlation with aggression, while avoidant attachment style had no significant correlation with aggression. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, secure attachment of mother with infant could reduce aggression during adulthood. On the other hand, ambivalent attachment between mother and infant could clearly increase the risk of aggression. Therefore, it is recommended to train different attachment styles to pregnant women through related workshops during pregnancy in order to prevent ambivalent mother-infant attachment.

Parenting self-efficacy moderates linkage between partner relationship dissatisfaction and avoidant infant-mother attachment: A Dutch study.

The early infant-mother attachment relationship is part of a network of close relationships in which the relationship between parents is especially relevant. Evidence for linkages between maternal satisfaction with the partner relationship and infant-mother attachment is equivocal. The current study tested whether associations between partner relationship dissatisfaction and infant-mother attachment quality might be conditional on mothers' parenting self-efficacy. The bivariate effect of partner relationship dissatisfaction on infant-mother attachment as well as moderation of this effect by parenting self-efficacy was tested in a sample of 260 infant-mother dyads 1 year after birth. There was no direct effect of partner dissatisfaction on attachment. Unexpectedly, for high parenting self-efficacy, greater partner dissatisfaction increased the odds of an avoidant infant attachment (compared with a disorganized) whereas, for low parenting self-efficacy, greater partner dissatisfaction decreased the odds of an avoidant infant attachment (compared with secure and disorganized). Findings underline the importance of parenting cognitions for understanding contextual factors of infant-mother attachment quality. (PsycINFO Database Record

In the Absence of Leave: The Financial Coping Strategies of Disadvantaged New Mothers in the Great Recession

Maternity leave is rare in the United States, while paid maternity leave is even more rare. Given this, the days and weeks following a birth often present a financial challenge for new mothers. In this analysis, I examine the social program use and labor force attachment of new mothers during the Great Recession. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation's 2004 and 2008 panels, I examine differences in women's return to work following a birth, as well as rates (and durations) of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) uptake following a birth, comparing the period of the Great Recession and the years that preceded it. Controlling for demographic and socioeconomic predictors, I find reduced postpartum employment and heightened reliance on TANF during the Great Recession when compared to the years preceding the recession, suggesting that the financial coping strategies of new mothers shifted during the recession.

Latino Mother/Daughter Dyadic Attachment as a Mediator for Substance Use Disorder and Emotional Abuse.

To date, no studies have investigated emotional abuse of adult Latina women by their mothers despite evidence that emotional maternal abuse may significantly contribute to the emotional abuse experienced by Latina women in their lifetime. Cross-sectional data including 316 women was analyzed using mediation and logistic regression. Overall, 7.1% of mothers and 24.1% of daughters abused drugs; and, 19.5% of daughters were emotionally abused by their mothers. Mother's attachment to her daughter mediated the association between mother's drug abuse and emotionally abusing her adult daughter (indirect effect: 0.863). Latina women can serve as perpetrators of emotional abuse of their adult children. Since drug-abusing daughters are more likely to be victims of emotional abuse by their mothers and drug-abusing mothers are more likely to abuse their daughters, drug-rehabilitation practitioners should incorporate a family abuse component into rehabilitation programs.

Economic instability and mothers’ employment: A comparison of Germany and the U.S.

Abstract Do economic fluctuations change the labour market attachment of mothers? How is the reentry process into the labour market after childbirth dependent on the country context women live in? Are these processes affected by occupational status? We address these questions using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth and the German Life History Study. Event history analyses demonstrate that in Germany and the United States, mothers who work in high occupational status jobs before birth return more quickly to their jobs and are less likely to interrupt their careers. During legally protected leave periods, mothers return at higher rates, exemplifying that family leaves strengthen mothers’ labour force attachment. Economic fluctuations mediate this latter finding, with different consequences in each country. In the United States, mothers tend to return to their jobs faster when unemployment is high. In Germany, mothers on family leave tend to return to their jobs later when unemployment is high. The cross-national comparison shows how similar market forces create distinct responses in balancing work and care.