Mother Attachment Research Articles

Investigating the impact of haptotherapy on maternal-fetal attachment in unplanned pregnancies.

Mothers who experience unplanned pregnancies tend to show less maternal attachment to the fetus, which can lead to diminished self-care during pregnancy, and affect well-being of the fetus. Consequently, unintended pregnancies are associated with heightened maternal and fetal consequences due to mothers' negligence. Hippotherapy intervention has emerged as a viable approach to enhance maternal-fetal communication. The ultimate goal of this study was to broaden our current understanding of haptotherapy's impact on maternal-fetal attachment in unplanned pregnancies. This field trial research was conducted at comprehensive health centers in Isfahan using convenient sampling method. The study consisted of two groups of mothers, each consisting of 33 individuals with unplanned pregnancies between 20 to 24 weeks. The experimental group received haptotherapy intervention for 10 weeks, while the control group received standard pregnancy care. For data collection the participants were given demographic and fertility questionnaire prior to the study, and Cranley's maternal-fetal attachment questionnaire both before and after the study. Moreover, T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Prior to the intervention, there was no significant difference in the average maternal-fetal attachment scores between the experimental and control groups (P = 0.56). However, a significant increase became apparent after the intervention. The experimental group exhibited a significant improvement in the mean attachment scores compared to their pre-intervention levels (t=-9.20, P = 0<0.001). In contrast, the control group's score remained unchanged, with no significant difference observed (=1.69, P = 0.1). Haptotherapy has been found to enhance maternal-fetal attachment in mothers experiencing unplanned pregnancies. This valuable intervention is recommended as an innovative and secure approach in maternal health care services to help reduce the potential complications associated with such pregnancies.

Changes in the formation of attachment of expectant mothers to infants, and the association with perinatal high-risk factors at a comprehensive perinatal and maternal health center

Changes in the formation of attachment of expectant mothers to infants, and the association with perinatal high-risk factors at a comprehensive perinatal and maternal health center

A Case Study of Sandplay Therapy for a Mother with Insecure Attachment and the Impact on Family Members

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in a mother's attachment and emotional control resulting from Sandplay Therapy in cases of insecure adult attachment. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the changes in family perception and attachment to the mother's changes. One mother with a high insecure adult attachment score and her family were selected as subjects for this study. Attachment scales, emotional control scales, sentence completion tests (SCTs), and interviews were conducted before and after the therapy to study the subjects' changes in attachment and emotional control, as well as the changes perceived by family members. The mother then underwent 12 sessions of Sandplay Therapy. The results showed that: After Sandplay therapy, the mother's attachment and emotional control demonstrated positive changes. The mother's changes through Sandplay Therapy contributed to the improvement of the family's positive perception and attachment level. The Sandplay box underwent a process of individualization, leading to self-realization. In conclusion, Sandplay Therapy helps stabilize the attachment and emotion of insecure attachment mothers, and the changes in mothers have a positive impact on the perception and attachment of family members. A follow-up study, it is necessary to expand the number of study subjects by attachment type.

유아기 자녀를 양육하는 어머니의 모-자녀 애착 인식에 관한 주관성 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of mother-child attachment in mothers with preschoolers. This study aims to classify types of perception and investigate their characteristics using the Q methodology.&#x0D; Methods To this end, 145 statements were created through literature analysis and in-depth interviews, and 40 statements were selected among them to create Q-sample. A total of 33 Korean mothers raising their firstborn or only child were chosen as the P-sample, and Q-sorting was conducted. Subsequently, the analysis was conducted using the QUANL Program.&#x0D; Results The study results were classified into five types. Type 1 was ‘affectionate and intimate positive emotional attachment type’, characterized by expressing love to their children and fostering positive emotions. Type 2 was ‘ambivalent emotional attachment type to the maternal role’, where mothers prioritize their children over themselves due to their maternal role but experience negative emotions. Type 3 was ‘confused and negative insecure attachment type’, displaying negativity towards themselves as parents and their children. Type 4 was ‘autonomous relationship attachment type that respects children's initiative’, acknowledging and supporting their children's proactive exploration of the world. Type 5 was ‘authoritative relationship attachment type’, characterized by a good understanding of their children, enjoying the relationship, and setting clear rules and boundaries.&#x0D; Conclusions The results of this study have research value in that they investigate and categorize the subjective thoughts of mothers who are raising preschool-aged children regarding attachment. It is expected to be used as basic data for parenting counseling and educational program development for mothers with preschool children.&#x0D;

The role of coping strategies in the relationship between attachment style and psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between attachment style and psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism, as well as the mediating role of maternal coping in this relationship. The pragmatic aim of the research was to provide theoretical and practical information regarding the attachment style, coping, and well-being of families who have children with autism especially mothers, as they are most often involved in the care and upbringing of these children. The present study is a correlational, cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 113 mothers of autistic children aged between 22 and 51 years, M = 39.78, SD = 4.89. The children’s ages ranged between three and 14 years, M = 10.61, SD = 2.65. A number of 66 children were boys (58%) and 47 were girls (42%). The instruments used were the Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), Brief COPE. The multiple linear regression showed that only the secure attachment of mothers is a significant predictor of well-being. Mediation analyses showed that neither adaptive nor maladaptive coping mediates the relationship between attachment style and well-being. In conclusion, we discussed the limitations and future research direction and also the importance of preserving higher well-being in mothers of children with autism.

Adverse experiences in early intimate relationships and next‐generation infant–mother attachment: findings from the ATP Generation 3 Study

AbstractChronic insecurities that emerge from adverse experiences in early intimate partner relationships in adolescence and emerging adulthood can have profound impacts on mental health and well‐being. Less clear is the extent to which these experiences for parents impact subsequent relationships within and across generations. We examine the extent to which secure, dismissing, pre‐occupied, and fearful intimate partner relationships in adolescence and emerging adulthood, well before becoming a parent, are associated with next‐generation patterns of attachment between mothers and infant offspring. Data were drawn from a nested study of infant–mother attachment (n = 220) within the Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study (N = 1167, est. 1983). Intimate partner relationships in adolescence and young adulthood were assessed by self‐report at 23–24 years of age. Over a decade later, infant–mother attachment security was assessed at 12 months post‐partum. Young adult intimate partner relationships defined by high levels of fearful, pre‐occupied, and dismissing attachment styles were reported in 11%, 17%, and 38% of young mothers, respectively. Increases in fear of intimacy in relationships were associated with an increase in the odds, by around 50%, of infant–mother insecure attachments (vs secure; OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.28) and disorganised attachments (vs organised; OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.00, 2.22). A mother's self‐reported history of fear of intimacy within young adult relationships predicts later insecure and disorganised mother–infant attachments. Guidance and greater support for young people navigating their earliest intimate relationships may not only prevent adverse relational experiences at the time but also on becoming a parent. Findings have relevance for family and infant mental health therapies. Translating these findings into supported conversations may help prevent infant–mother attachment difficulties, or later repair them, through validation of the lingering effects of early fear of intimacy and empowerment of parents to prevent next‐generation infant experiences of distrust.

Investigating associations between emotional and behavioral problems, self-esteem, and parental attachment among adolescents: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia

BackgroundEmotional and Behavioral Problems (EBPs) are prevalent among adolescents, and adolescents’ capacity for adaptation can be influenced by their interactions with their parents, environment, and self-esteem. This link has not been systematically examined among adolescents in West Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the association of parental attachment and self-esteem with EBPs in adolescents. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2022 in Padang West Sumatra, Indonesia. In total, 854 students from public senior high school 4 Padang were involved in this study and completed questionnaires on demographics, EBPs, parental attachment, and self-esteem. There was a total of five subscales for EBPs, which included emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and prosocial. Additionally, there were three subscales for parental attachment, which included the mother's attachment, father's attachment, and peer attachment. Spearman's correlation, independent-sample t-tests, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to examine factors associated with EBPs. ResultsThis study showed that father's attachment (r = −0.191, p < 0.001), mother's attachment (r = −0.241, p < 0.001), and self-esteem (r = −0.437, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with EBPs. The linear regression analysis showed EBPs was associated with father's education, father's communication, father's alienation, mother's alienation, and self-esteem. All predictors of overall EBPs among adolescents were able to explain 31 % of the variance in EBPs. ConclusionHigh self-esteem and a strong parental attachment have positive outcomes in terms of mental health in adolescents. Thus, increasing adolescent self-esteem and establishing a warm parent attachment can be the main target in providing interventions for Indonesian adolescents with EBPs.

Mother's Behavior Attachment Model in Care for Stunting Prevention in Bangkalan District

Background: Stunting is a state of malnutrition associated with past nutritional insufficiency so that it is included in a chronic nutritional problem. Based on data from a study on nutritional status in Indonesia in 2021, the prevalence of stunting in Bangkalan Regency is the highest among other districts in East Java, namely 38.9%, while the incidence of stunting in Indonesia is 24% (SSGI, 2021). This shows that there are high cases of stunting among toddlers in East Java, especially in Bangkalan.Purpose: This study aims to develop a model of attachment behavior for mothers in stunting prevention care in Bangkalan Regency.Methods: The research design used was analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach. The sample size is 190 mothers who have stunted children. Technical sampling using multistage random sampling and proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Latent variables (Variable X) in this study were attitude, personal agency, knowledge, maternal parenting intentions, environmental barriers, and habits, and the dependent variable (Y) in this study was the mother's attachment behavior with 19 observed variables or indicators. The analysis technique used is SEM-PLS. Results: The latent variables that have significance for the attachment behavior of mothers in stunting prevention care are knowledge and intentions. The attitude variable directly and significantly influences the mother's attitude in forming intentions that lead to attachment behavior of the mother in caring for stunting prevention in children under two years old. Mothers who have high intentions to care for their children will be followed by concrete actions in the form of attachment behavior in the form of stunting prevention care. Mothers who have good knowledge about how to prevent stunting, the causes of stunting, and the short-term or long-term effects of stunting will move the mother and attach the mother to her baby. Attitude is one of the factors that influence the formation of a mother's intention in the behavior of a mother's caring attachment to her child.Conclusion: Knowledge and intention variables shape mother's attachment behavior in stunting prevention care. Mother's attitude influences the mother's intention in attachment behavior in stunting prevention care.

From bonds to beliefs: Investigating parent, peer attachment, and growth mindset in private vocational high schools

This research focuses on investigating the influence of parent and peer attachment on the growth mindset of students enrolled in Private Vocational High Schools in Purwokerto, Indonesia. Stratified proportional random sampling was employed to select participants for this study. Consent was obtained from 235 students who participated. The gender distribution was skewed toward females (57.9%) compared to males (42.1%), with the majority of participants being 16 years old (46.7%). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) was used to measure parent and peer attachment, while the Growth Mindset Scale was employed to assess participants' growth-oriented attitudes. A linear regression analysis was utilized to examine the predictive relationship between mother, father, and peer attachment and growth mindset scores. The results demonstrated significant gender-based variations across the variables studied. Notably, females exhibited significantly higher Mother Attachment scores, indicating a stronger attachment to their mothers. Nonetheless, no considerable gender disparities emerged in Father Attachment scores. Although the distinction in Peer Attachment scores was close to significance (p = 0.053), females displayed slightly higher attachment to peers. A marked gender discrepancy was identified in Growth Mindset scores, with females displaying a notably more positive perspective toward growth and learning opportunities. Furthermore, predictive modeling revealed that Mother Attachment exerted a significant positive impact on Growth Mindset scores (β = 0.3), implying that a stronger attachment to mothers corresponded to a more favorable growth-oriented mindset. Similarly, Father Attachment positively contributed to Growth Mindset scores (β = 0.25). Additionally, Peer Attachment demonstrated a modest yet positive association (β = 0.13). The calculated R² values indicated that both Mother Attachment and Father Attachment collectively accounted for approximately 18% of the variance in Growth Mindset scores, while Peer Attachment contributed to a smaller extent (1%). Collectively, these findings shed light on the intricate relationships between attachment, age, and mindset. They underscore the roles of different attachments in shaping individuals' growth-oriented perspectives and highlight the nuanced gender differences in attachment and mindset. This study provides valuable insights for educators, parents, and policymakers aiming to promote positive growth mindsets among students.

Emotional Suffering of Surrogating Mother: An analysis through the Malayalam Film “Dasharatham”

Surrogacy, as we know it today, has only been around for the last 30 years. At the same time Dasharatham is a 1989 Malayalam Indian dramatic film written by A. K. Lohithadas and directed by Sibi Malayil. Its a movie born before the time. Anni is the central character who is the surrogate mother. We analysis emotional suffering of a mother based on the movie “Dasharatham” . The analysis is based on the study conducted by Tehran, Tashi, Mehran, Eskandari, &amp; Tehrani on two main themes and four sub themes: acquired experiences in pregnancy (feelings toward pregnancy, relationship with family, relatives and commissioning couple) and consequences of surrogacy (complications of pregnancy, religious and financial problems of surrogacy).Adiitionally a theme “ Emotional attachment of mother towards baby” is also included. Key words: Sarrogation, mother, emotions, biological father

The effect of spiritual self-care training on the attachment of the mothers of premature babies hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Taleghani Hospital, Ilam

Background. The birth of a premature baby needing to be hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) endangers the initial mother-baby relationship, affecting mother-baby attachment. Therefore, it seems necessary to provide mothers of premature babies with appropriate nursing support. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of spiritual self-care training on the mother-baby attachment of mothers giving birth to premature babies hospitalized in the NICU. Methods. This was a semi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test design conducted on 60 mothers with babies admitted to the NICU of Taleghani Hospital of Ilam (30 participants in each of the intervention and control groups).Two questionnaires were used for data collection, including a demographic information questionnaire and the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS). Five self-care training sessions (45 minutes each) were held for mothers of the intervention group according to a self-care booklet prepared by the researcher. The attachment questionnaire was again completed after one week of the last training sessions by all participants, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Descriptive statistics were used to present quantitative (mean ±SD) and qualitative (frequency, %) variables. The normality of the data was checked using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, and the MANOVA and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests were used to investigate the effects of the training on mother-baby attachment. The statistical significance level was considered P&lt;0.05. Results. The means of the total attachment score in the intervention and control groups were obtained as 51.73 and 56.43 at the pretest and 53.36 and 49.77 at the post-test, respectively, indicating that spiritual self-care training was effective in improving mother-baby attachment (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion. Our results showed that spiritual self-care training augmented mothers’ attachment to their babies hospitalized at the NICU. According to the results of the present study, it is suggested to pave the ground in clinical environments by educating nurses and caregivers and supporting the mother and the baby through spiritual self-care interventions to promote maternal attachment and improve their conditions. Practical Implications. According to the results of the present study, it is suggested to pave the ground in clinical environments by educating nurses and caregivers and supporting the mother and the baby through spiritual self-care interventions to promote maternal attachment and improve their conditions.

The Relationship between Parental, Peer Attachment, Self-esteem and Interpersonal Ability of College Students

본 연구에서는 대학생을 대상으로 하여 부, 모, 또래 애착의 자존감 및 대인관계 능력에 대한 상대적인 영향력을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 상관분석과 stepwise 방식의 위계적 회귀분석을 활용하여 가설을 검증하였다. 이에 대한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 변인들 간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 부, 모, 또래 애착은 모두 자존감과 대인관계 능력과의 관계에서 유의미한 정적 상관을 나타내었다. 둘째, 부, 모, 또래 애착이 자존감에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 검증한 결과, 또래 애착의 영향력이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고, 그다음으로 모 애착, 부 애착으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부, 모, 또래 애착이 대인관계 능력에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 검증한 결과, 또래 애착의 영향력이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고, 그다음으로 부 애착으로 나타났다. 모 애착은 유의미한 설명력을 가지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 애착을 차원으로 구분하지 않고 애착의 대상으로 구분하여 각 영향력을 살펴보았다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 하여, 자존감과 대인관계 능력 향상을 위해 애착을 기반으로 하는 접근방안을 제시하고자 하였다.The purpose of this study was to find out the relative influence of self-esteem and interpersonal ability of parents, parents, and peer attachment in college students. The hypothesis was tested using correlation analysis and stepwise hierarchical regression analysis. The research results are as follows. First, Significant static correlation was shown between all variables. Second, as a result of verifying the relative influence of attachment of father, mother, and peers on self-esteem, the influence of peer attachment was the largest, followed by mother attachment and father attachment. Third, as a result of verifying the relative influence of attachment of father, mother, and peer on interpersonal ability, the influence of peer attachment was the largest, followed by father attachment. It was shown that mother attachment does not have a meaningful explanation. The significance of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

Smartphone-based prenatal attachment education application design improving maternal and fetal attachment to high-risk pregnant mothers at Putri Ayu Health Center Jambi City

Background: The prevalence of high-risk pregnancies in the world is still relatively high. Approximately 10-30% of mothers who undergo routine antenatal care are diagnosed with high-risk pregnancies and of these, 70-80% experience perinatal mortality and morbidity. The psychological impact of high-risk pregnancy is anxiety, stress, and the mother experiencing a crisis that can affect the relationship between the mother and the fetus. This condition can also continue in the relationship between mother and baby after birth. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to increase the attachment of mother and fetus, one of which can be done by providing education. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Android-based Prenatal Attachment Education Applications on Maternal and Fetal Attachment in High-Risk Pregnant Women.&#x0D; Methods: This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design study that uses a one group pretest - posttest design without control group. The intervention provided was in the form of prenatal attachment education packaged in an application via mobile phones. The research sample was 40 pregnant women at Putri Ayu Public Health Center, Jambi City. The inclusion criteria in this study were pregnant women who could read and write. Exclusion criteria were respondents who were not willing to participate in the study.&#x0D; Results: Based on the results of the above analysis, it can be seen that Sig is 0.000 &lt; 0.001, which means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. In other words, there is a significant relationship between the application of prenatal attachment education with maternal and fetal attachment.&#x0D; Conclusion: maternal and fetal attachment can be improved with prenatal attachment education applications, for that it is expected that the puskesmas implement prenatal attachment education applications using mobile phones so that they can increase maternal and fetal attachment.&#x0D;

Implementation of Early Breastfeeding Initiation and Bounding Attachment for Postpartum Mothers at Halilulik Hospital In 2021: A Qualitative Study

Breastfeeding is a knowledge that has existed for a long time and has an important role in maintaining human life (Astuti, 2013). Babies really need BA This situation is very important for babies to be able to adapt to their new environment. This research is operational research with a qualitative approach. This research will provide an analysis of matters relating to the implementation of IMD and BA in pregnant women at HALILULIK RSKM by using a systems approach. The place for this implementation analysis research is at the Halilulik RSKM. This research activity will be carried out in August September 2021. The subjects for this study were pregnant women (Bumil), health workers in the Midwifery Unit, namely doctors in charge, heads of rooms, midwives and nurses. HALILULIK RSKM did not find any problems in planning, organizing, controlling while for implementation problems were found because they were related to BPJS. Collaboration is needed between health institutions, especially related hospitals, to include the importance of implementing IMD and BA as hospital activity programs and policies for maternal health and especially for the growth and development of babies.

The Role of Childhood Trauma on Prenatal Attachment: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Although the quality of prenatal attachment is a strong predictor of the quality of postnatal mother-infant attachment and mother-child interaction, little is known about the specific impacts of maternal exposure to childhood traumas, and it deserves more attention. This study was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between childhood traumas and pren1atal attachment levels. Prenatal attachment and childhood trauma were evaluated in 104 pregnant women using the Prenatal Attachment Scale and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Our results showed that all kinds of childhood traumatic experiences were associated with lower prenatal attachment scores. Also, more severe childhood traumas were strongly associated with weaker prenatal attachment. This study contributes to the very limited literature on the prenatal attachment of expectant mothers with childhood traumas by emphasizing the importance of pregnant women's exposure to childhood traumas as a risk factor for low prenatal attachment.

The effect of behavioral therapy based counseling with anxious mothers on their infants' colic: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundGiven the possible effect of maternal anxiety on the severity of colic pain in infants, this study aimed to investigate the effects of behavioral therapy counseling on infantile colic (primary outcome), maternal anxiety, and mother-infant attachment (secondary outcomes) in anxious mothers with colicky infants.MethodThis randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 46 anxious mothers of 2–6-weeks-old exclusively breastfed colicky infants who had a score of 112 and above according to the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS), reffered to the pediatric clinics of Al-Zahra, Taleghani and Children Hospitals of Tabriz, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 23) and control (n = 23) groups using randomized block design. Mothers in the intervention group attended 8 systematic desensitization counseling sessions (2–3 sessions per week). Those in the control group received routine care. The researcher completed the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS), Mother-Infant Attachment Questionnaire (MIAQ), and Infant Colic Scale (ICS) by interviewing the participants before and two weeks after the intervention.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the socio-demographic profile of participants. After the intervention, the mean postpartum anxiety score of women in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of those in the control group (Mean Difference (MD) = 22.5, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 2.3 to 42.7; p = 0.029). The mean infant colic score of the infants of mothers in the intervention group was insignificantly lower than that of those in the control group (MD = -2.9, 95% CI = -8.3 to 2.4; p = 0.271). In addition, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of their mean mother-infant attachment scores (MD = -0.04, 95% CI = -3.1 to 0.3; p = 0.976).ConclusionBehavioral therapy counseling effectively reduced postpartum anxiety in women with colicky infants; however, this reduction did not lead to a significant decrease in the infants’ colic pain. Therefore, health care providers are recommended to use this counseling method in combination with other effective counseling approaches to promote mental health of these mothers.Trial RegistrationIRCT Registration Number: IRCT20111219008459N14, registered on 08/10/2020. https://irct.ir/user/trial/45949/view

초등학생의 학업스트레스에 미치는 어머니의 주관적 행복감, 어머니 애착, 자아탄력성과의 영향관계 탐색

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between mother's subjective happiness, mother attachment, and ego resilience on the academic stress of elementary school students, and to verify the mediating effect of mother attachment and ego resilience. For research analysis, the structural equation model(PLS-SEM) was analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and Smart-PLS 3.0. First, it was confirmed that the mother's subjective happiness had a significant positive effect on mother attachment, but had no significant effect on ego resilience. Second, it was confirmed that mother attachment had a positive effect on ego resilience, and it was found that it had a significant negative effect on academic stress. Third, it was confirmed that ego resilience had a negative effect on academic stress. Fourth, mother's subjective happiness had a positive effect on ego resilience and a negative effect on academic stress through mother attachment as a mediating effect. Fifth, mother attachment had a significant negative effect on academic stress as a mediating effect of ego resilience. Mother's subjective happiness had a negative effect on academic stress due to the double mediating effect of mother's attachment and ego resilience.

The effect of guided imagery on stress and attachment of mothers of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit: A quasi-experimental study

Background. Premature birth, in addition to causing health problems in infants, increases stress in the mother and reduces attachment between mother and baby. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of guided visualization on stress and attachment of mothers of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 35 mothers with premature infants admitted to the NICU of Mahdieh Hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mothers were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. For mothers in the intervention group, the intervention was performed from the first to the fifth day of birth through training and sending guided imagery files. On the day of admission and discharge, the parental stress questionnaire and the postpartum attachment questionnaire were completed by the mother. SPSS software (version 20) was used to analyze the data. Results. The mean total score of maternal attachment on the fifth day of the intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group (P&lt;0.001). Also, the mean total score of mothers' attachment status on the day of discharge was significantly higher in the intervention group (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion. Implementation of guided visualization program reduced stress in mothers with premature infants admitted to the NICU, and consequently increased the level of attachment. Practical Implications. Mothers are the primary caregivers of infants, and promoting maternal health has an effect on infants. In addition to reducing stress in preterm infants, this study can help improve the quality of infant care and increase attachment and parenting. The present study offers a completely cost-effective way to reduce the costs of long-term hospitalization and improve the quality of nursing.

초등학생이 지각한 부모 애착, 성격 5요인, 학업적 실패내성, 학교적응 간 구조적 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate structural relationships among parental attachment, big five personality traits, academic failure tolerance and school adjustment perceived by elementary school students. In details, the study explored the sequential mediators in the relationship between parental attachment and school adjustment. Methods A structural equation model was conducted using 1,129 data from the 12th waves of the Panel Study on Korean Children in 2019. Results The results of this study are as follows. First, both perceived mother and father attachment of elementary school students directly affect on their big five personality traits; positively affect on extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and negatively affect on neuroticism. At same time, only perceived mother attachment showed positive affects on openness. Moreover, perceived mother attachment showed no effect on academic failure tolerance, in meanwhile perceived father attachment a direct positive effect on academic failure tolerance. Openness and conscientiousness also presented a positive effect on academic failure tolerance while neuroticism showed a negative effect and same pattern repeated on academic adjustment. And, academic failure tolerance mediated the relationship between conscientiousness and positive school adjustment as well as the relationship between neuroticism and positive school adjustment for both perceived mother and father attachment of elementary school students. Conclusions These findings suggest that it is necessary to strengthen perceived parent attachments of elementary school students through encouraging healthy personality and academic failure tolerance in order to increase school adjustment.

Hubungan parental attachment dengan kecerdasan emosi pada remaja awal

Cases of violence in early adolescent still often occur due to lack of emotional regulation. One of the factors behind adolescent emotional intelligence is parental attachment. This study aims to determine the relationship between father attachment and emotional intelligence in early adolescence and the relationship between mother attachment and emotional intelligence in early adolescence. The research design is correlational quantitative research with sampling using non-probability voluntary sampling technique. The subjects in this study were 237 early adolescents aged 12-15 years and had both parents. The scale used in this study is an attachment scale using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revised Version (IPPA-R) and an emotional intelligence scale using a scale based on Goleman's theory. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there was a relationship between attachment of father (r = 0.288; p &lt; 0.05) and mother (r = 0.415; p &lt; 0.05) with emotional intelligence in early adolescence.&#x0D; Keywords: attachment mother and father, emotional intelligence, early adolescence