Mosque Building Research Articles

Exploring the Potential of Solar Energy in Mosque Buildings: A Case Study of Dumai Islamic Centre Mosque in Riau Province, Indonesia

This study investigated the implementation of solar panels in the Dumai Islamic Centre (DIC) Mosque, located in Dumai City, Riau Province, to reduce carbon emissions. The study presents an overview of the significance of solar energy utilization and its potential benefits in the context of mosque buildings. This research was aimed to assess the criteria for selecting the appropriate solar panel type, determine the power output and PV area required for the DIC Mosque, and estimate the carbon emissions reduction resulting from installing solar panels. The study employed a quantitative research design and utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to select the most suitable solar panel type. The results reveal that polycrystalline solar panels are the optimal choice based on efficiency, power peak, operation and maintenance, and price criteria. Installing solar panels on the DIC Mosque's roof, positioned at an optimal height, ensures maximum sunlight exposure and energy generation efficiency. Calculations demonstrate a significant reduction in carbon emissions post-installation. The carbon emissions reduction potential is estimated at 57.693 kg CO2 eq per day or 21,057.95 tons CO2 eq per year. This highlights the positive environmental impact of solar energy implementation in the DIC Mosque.

Tsunami fragility based characterisation of mosques as alternatives tsunami evacuation buildings: Reconstructing evidence from the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami

Buildings located in coastal areas can also function as protection or shelter during a tsunami wave event. High buildings on the coast such as mosques can be used as vertical evacuation buildings when a tsunami occurs. During the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami (IOT), there were many people evacuated and saved at mosques. The community in this region evacuated themselves to some mosques during a tsunami evacuation order on April 11, 2012. However, there is no study has been conducted to prove the fragility of mosques against tsunamis and how the mosques can function as alternative tsunami evacuation buildings. This study is aimed at reconstructing evidence of the impacts of tsunamis on mosques and at assessing the opportunities to use mosques as alternative evacuation buildings. The research was conducted in two modes: (1) a series of numerical modelling were performed to reconstruct tsunami flow depths based on the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami (IOT), and (2) impacts of tsunami on mosques were collected based on survivor's eyewitness accounts or photos were taken immediately after the event. The impacts were later used to compose a set of tsunami fragility curves to see the influence of flow depth on the level of mosque damage. Field surveys were at four districts that were severely affected by the 2004 IOT, namely Banda Aceh, Aceh Jaya, West Aceh, and Aceh Besar. Tsunami wave simulations were performed using the Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) to obtain flow depths at mosque locations. Validations of the numerical simulation results were done using secondary flow depth data reported previously. A total of 210 mosque buildings were assessed at the study sites, where 98 % of them were constructed using reinforced concrete with varying building heights ranging from 5 to 11 m (from floor to ceiling). The probability of absolute damage was caused when flow depths exceeded 10 m. The mosque buildings has a lower probability of collapse compared the other building such as house and other building in general. At 3.0 m of flow depth, the mosque would only be totally destroyed by around 12 %. The lower damage probability for mosque buildings can be attributed to mosques being constructed with stronger structures than typical residential buildings.

Telaah Arsitektur Eklektik pada Bangunan Masjid Haji Keuchiek Leumiek

Indonesia is a country where the majority of the population is Muslim, especially Aceh. So it is not surprising that you can find many mosques with magnificent architecture and a great historical background. With globalization, many new architectural styles have emerged, for example eclectic architecture which influences the exterior and interior shapes of mosques. The application of eclectic architecture in the design process by adopting elements that are considered the best originating from local and non-local architecture so as to produce a building model that has its own charm and characteristics. One element of foreign architecture that is now being adopted domestically is Middle Eastern architecture. This phenomenon made researchers interested in conducting research on one of the mosques that displays Middle Eastern accents on its building facade, namely the Haji Keuchiek Leumiek Mosque, Banda Aceh. This research aims to reveal the eclectic aspects of the Haji Keuchiek Leumiek Mosque building, as well as which facade elements adopt Middle Eastern architecture. The method used to obtain data in this research is a comparative-qualitative method. Data collection techniques are carried out through observing the location of the study object, conducting interviews and documenting it in photographs, then comparing it with expert theories to reach conclusions. The results of the analysis show that the Haji Keuchiek Leumiek Mosque was built with characteristics of eclecticism. Middle Eastern architecture and various regional ornamental arts combine to create unique design aspects of the mosque. Awan Meucanek, Bungoeng Meulu, Bungoeng Putik, Sulur Oen Teube, Awan, and Bungong Geulima are examples of local ornaments in mosque architecture. The findings show that when compared with the remains of Islamic dynasties, the architecture of this Middle Eastern mosque is not exactly the same. However, in general, the architectural design of this mosque is very similar to mosques built during the Fatimid and Timurid periods.

Parametric control of multiple blinds to enhance daylighting performance in the dome building: Case study of a mosque building in Saudi Arabia

Clerestory windows encircling the dome are a common feature in mosque architecture. They serve the purpose of allowing daylight to penetrate the spacious interior from all directions through smaller windows compared to side-lit windows. However, maintaining the required uniform daylighting coverage throughout the day in buildings with different directions remains a challenge. The integration of advanced daylighting systems with dome geometry, coupled with parametric control, can significantly enhance daylighting performance. In this research, a novel approach and simplified integrated method for parametrically controlling a multiple blinds system with incremental slat angle in a mosque dome's drum are developed, whereby the blinds in each direction respond independently and parametrically to the sun's movement. Parametrically controlled blinds are installed on the windows around the mosque’s dome to maximize the utilization of daylight while preventing direct penetration of solar radiation. Then, the daylighting performance of parametrically controlled multiple blinds was compared to that of conventional blinds and unshaded windows in a typical Mosque in Saudi Arabia during the noon prayer time. The study found that the parametrically controlled blinds can dramatically enhance the daylight coverage inside the mosque from around 38% to 88% for an illuminance range of 150–500 lx, while protecting users from direct sunlight. Promisingly, the system revealed that it can protect worshippers from direct sunlight, minimize potential glare and provide visual comfort.

Ethnomathematics Comics of Al-Akbar Mosque Surabaya to Improve Numeracy and Literacy in Reading and Writing

The numeracy and reading and writing literacy of elementary school students in Indonesia is still not satisfactory. Need the existence of innovative teaching materials that suit students' cognitive levels, increasing interest in reading, and accommodate students' numeracy and literacy skills. Culture in the form of the Al-Akbar Mosque building in Surabaya can be used as a student learning resource with the hope that learning will be more meaningful for students. Ethnomatematics comics can used as an alternative learning media to improve numeracy and reading literacy write. The purpose of this research is to describe the comic development process ethnomathematics of al-akbar mosque and knowing the validity of ethnomathematics comics. The research method uses Borg and research and development methods Gall. The research subjects were fifth grade students at Bahrul Ulum Elementary School, Surabaya. This research uses a type of development research or commonly known as Research and Development (R&D). Using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). However, it is limited to the Analysis, Design and Development stage. Data collection methods use questionnaires and documentation. Development research instruments used to assess the feasibility of interaktif digital modules are in the form of product feasibility questionnaires. Data analysis techniques use descriptive data analysis techniques for product processing and quantitative analysis to determine product feasibility. The results of this research are products of development results through three stages, namely Analysis (needs analysis, student analysis, content analysis), Design (the stage used to create an Ethnomatematics comics and Development in the form of product development results. Ethnomathematics comic at the Al Akbar Mosque in Surabaya has achieved 83.93% feasibility in the feasible category. Feasibility is obtained from the results of an assessment by 2 expert validators media and material experts, as well as 2 practitioners. So, it can be concluded that ethnomathematics comics are suitable for use in learning and are expected to become reference learning resources by educators to improve literacy and numeracy for elementary school students.

Akulturasi Arsitektur Bangunan Cina pada Masjid Agung Sang Cipta Rasa Cirebon

This research explores the phenomenon of acculturation of Chinese building architecture at the Sang Cipta Rasa Grand Mosque in Cirebon, an exciting case of combining Islamic architecture and traditional Chinese elements. The main focus of this research is to understand how Architectural Chinese elements are integrated into the design of mosque buildings in a harmonious and meaningful way. This research method involves a multidisciplinary approach, including literature analysis, visual observations, and interviews with architects and local historians who have in-depth knowledge of mosques and cultural acculturation in the region. The research results reveal that Grand Mosque successfully created an architectural masterpiece that skillfully combines Chinese Architectural elements. Elements such as a curved Chinese- style roof with decorative ornaments reminiscent of Chinese culture, columns, pillars with distinctive traditional carvings, and decorative motifs on the walls illustrate the influence of Chinese architecture integrated into the mosque's design. Despite the strong Chinese influence, this building maintains the essence of Islam and local culture. This research contributes to understanding how cultural acculturation can be reflected in the physical form of buildings, especially in religious contexts. The results of this research can be a valuable reference for the planning and development of future structures that harmonize elements from different cultures while respecting the values and goals of each culture involved.

The state-of-the-art knowledge, techniques, and simulation programs for quantifying human visual comfort in mosque buildings: A systematic review

The state-of-the-art knowledge, techniques, and simulation programs for quantifying human visual comfort in mosque buildings: A systematic review

Eksplorasi Etnomatematika Bentuk Geometri Peninggalan Syekh Ahmad Muttamakkin

Syekh Ahmad Muttamakkin was one of the great scholars of the archipelago in the 18th century and became a role model for the community in Kajen, Pati. The history of Syekh Ahmad Muttamakkin must be preserved so that it does not disappear over time. In this way, researchers link the history of Syekh Ahmad Muttamakkin's legacy with the material of mathematical geometry. In this case the researcher associates local culture with mathematical activity. This research uses descriptive qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The object of this study is ethnomathematics on the legacy of Syekh Ahmad Muttamakkin which includes mosque buildings, ornaments, and objects left by Syekh Ahmad Muttamakkin. The data in this study were obtained from observations, interviews, documentation, and literature from journals and internet articles. The purpose of this study is to find out the ethnomathematics studies contained in the legacy of Syekh Ahmad Muttamakkin and to dig up philosophical information about these objects. The result of this study is that the researcher found a link between the mathematical concept of recognizing geometric shapes and the legacy of Syekh Ahmad Muttamakkin. In an ethnomathematics exploratory study, in terms of the shape of mosque buildings, ornaments, and relics of Syekh Ahmad Muttamakkin, it shows that there is a connection with mathematical material, namely regarding geometry and shapes.

Kajian Semiotik pada Kritik Arsitektur: Masjid Al-Irsyad di Kota Padalarang Jawa Barat

Al Irsyad Mosque is an iconic mosque in Kota Baru Parahyangan, Padalarang, West Java. This mosque became a city icon because it was built by the architect Ridwan Kamil at that time. Another interesting thing about this mosque is its approach which is quite different from other forms of mosques. This is what is interesting to study and criticize about how a design mindset can be formed and then dismantled again so that it can be studied. The research method used is qualitative methods and literature studies to be able to get messages from the shape of the building, so that Saussure's semiotics where signs and markers are embedded in mosques will produce messages that can be translated and reapplied to other mosque building designs. The results of this study indicate that Saussure's semiotic study is very appropriate for use in architectural criticism of the Al-Irsyad Mosque and will certainly help the development of forms, symbols and icons of mosque buildings in accordance with the purpose of worship.

Kajian Arsitektur Islami Pada Masjid-Masjid di Kecamatan Banda Sakti Kota Lhokseumawe

The emergence of mosque architecture in Indonesia is inseparable from the development of Islam entering Indonesia. The development of Islamic civilization at all times has produced many forms and types of mosques, so that in Indonesia the forms of mosques are very diverse, especially in Aceh, the city of Lhokseumawe. The existence of Islam in Aceh is proven by the many historical mosques with Islamic architecture that have survived to this day, but in fact the function of mosques is more than that, mosques also act as centers of education, spread of Islamic symbols, and become centers of community empowerment. This research process combines field research (field research) and library research, namely using a qualitative descriptive research form. The mosque building itself is synonymous with Islamic architecture, which has seven important elements including gardens, courtyards, domes, pointed arches, muqarnas, minarets and mihrab, while not all elements of Islamic architecture are found in every mosque building.

الإصلاحات النبوية بالمدينة وأثرها علي حياة المجتمع.

The study aimed to take up prophetic reforms in Madeena& their effect on society life , and according to importance of this topic to Islam &muslims,I took it explaining how reform procedures happened through mosque building , fraternity ,Madeena agreement ,then economic ,healthy , educational & judicial situation reform . Also , army building which life was reformed by it when it corrupted . Importance of this topic manifests in recognizing prophetic reforms that done by our master prophet Mohammed which had great effect in society life to make muslims utilize from them today ; because he deals with a topic that touches current life reality to adopt his biography asexample . The study followed inductive , historical & analytical method , & concluded many results :
 -Islam concerned & cared about the nation & resolve its problems .
 -Our prophet Mohammed presented genuine picture about himself , his religion & wisdom .
 -Our prophet succeeded in building new person with true belief system that formed nation start foundations.
 -Our great prophet used thorough &thoughtful plans in establishing Islamic state , moreover , he established solid political educational & organizational work .
 -Our great prophet was experienced military leader surpassed every one of his time.
 The study recommends the following:
 -Educating the nation with biography of our great prophet & teaching it in all levels , also correcting the course of the system of governance& administration according to islamprinciples , moreover , muslims should be good examples for others . Addition to , necessity to read prophetic biography deeply , and investigation , analysis & standing at every step of the reforms to learn lessons & experience .

Ethnomathematics exploration at the Masjid Raya Al-A’zhom, Tangerang City

Ethnomathematics is a form of mathematics learning that connects cultural history with mathematics. In this study, Masjid Raya Al-A'zhom became part of a religious culture in the City of Tangerang. The aim of this study is to further examine the cultural and mathematical concepts that exist in the building of the Masjid Raya Al-A'zhom. The research used a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. Data were collected through primary sources, namely interviews, observations, documents, and documentation. The results of the study show that the culture applied to the construction of the Masjid Raya Al-A’zhom is Middle Eastern and Tangerang. In addition, there are several mathematical concepts in the building of the Masjid Raya Al- A’zhom, including spatial geometry, arithmetic sequences and series, geometric transformations, triple integrals in spherical coordinates, and the intersection of two circles. Ethnomathematics can improve understanding of mathematical concepts through objects that are seen in real terms, namely mosque buildings.

The Architectural Style of Masjid Agung At-Taqwa, Kutacane, Southeast Aceh (2016-2023)

This article aims to discuss the architectural style of the At-Taqwa Great Mosque in Kutacane, Southeast Aceh, during the period of 2016 to 2023. The study follows a qualitative research design with a descriptive approach. The research method used in this study is historical research. Data collection was conducted through interviews and observations. The results indicate that Islamic architecture is a captivating style that exemplifies the beauty of each building. Each detail contains a symbolic element with a significant meaning. An architectural work takes the form of a building, commonly referred to as a cultural symbol and also considered a work of art. Likewise, the architectural works within the At-Taqwa Great Mosque building combine styles from various local and international influences, resulting in a stunning work of art.

Tradisi Seribu Bubur Di Masjid Raya Al-Mashun Kota Medan

The purpose of this study is to learn more about the "Tradition of a Thousand Porridge at the Al-Mashun Grand Mosque, Medan City," which is seen from a cultural perspective and focuses on local cuisine customs during the Makmun Al-Rasyid Perkasa Alamsyah Sultanate. The major goal of this essay is to demonstrate how the social life of the Malay community at Masjidi Raya Al-Mashun Medan is significantly influenced by regional cuisine. The three stages of the research procedures, or data collection techniques, are interview, observation, and documentation. The findings of this research are available in several ways regarding Sultan Makmun Al-Rasyid Perkasa Alamsyah in terms of the porridge tradition at the Al-Mashun Grand Mosque in Medan. Sultan is said to be a leader in his time for the former Malay community in the city of Medan. The Sultan in his time also had such great attention to the mosque building of this time. One of the mosques that has been successfully established is the Al-Mashun Grand Mosque in Medan, which is now the building still standing strong todat, and there are also several other mosques. The conclusion form this study can be drawn, that the traditional food traditions of these communities are closely related to their habits in everday life.

Perencanaan Desain Renovasi Masjid Ahyani Thoriqul Jannah Tangerang Banten

<p align="center">Abstract </p><p>This community service activity was carried out in the Tangerang sub-district. This Abdimas is a partnership program with cooperation partners Ahyani Thoriqul Jannah Masjid Prosperity Council (DKM) Mosque Tangerang Banten. The Ahyani Thoriqul Jannah Mosque, Tangerang, Banten is currently an old building which is feared to endanger the safety of the congregation/community who are carrying out worship. In addition, the capacity of the mosque is no longer sufficient to accommodate the Friday prayer congregation. Therefore, DKM Ahyani Thoriqul Jannah Tangerang Banten intends to completely renovate the mosque building with the principles of the congregation, by the congregation and for the congregation. DKM Ahyani Thoriqul Jannah Tangerang Banten faces a problem where there are no congregation members who are experts in their field. The team of community service lecturers at Indraprasta University PGRI offered DKM Ahyani Thoriqul Jannah Tangerang Banten a mutually beneficial partnership to carry out the renovation of the Ahyani Thoriqul Jannah mosque. DKM Ahyani Thoriqul Jannah resolved licensing issues, residents/congregants objected to mosque renovations and so on. While the team of community service lecturers at Indraprasta PGRI University prepared experts who would carry out tasks including pre-planning including reviewing the location of the mosque, land area, land form and soil structure, planning in the form of mosque architectural design and budget plans and participating in supervising the implementation of development from a technical point of view. Keywords: mosque design, mosque, </p><p align="left"> </p><p align="left"> </p>

Determination of the Qibla Direction of the Al-Mukarramah Mosque in Gampong Punge Jurong, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh City

One of the conditions for a valid prayer is facing the Qibla, Imam Syafi'i believes that people who can see the Ka'bah must face the 'Ainul Ka'bah as well as people who are far or outside Mecca must face 'Ainul Ka'bah based on their ijtihad with instructions from the sun, stars, mountains, moon, and others that can be used as a Qibla direction. Many mosques in the city of Banda Aceh do not face the Kaaba, this is based on using Google Earth, from several mosques that are off the beaten path, the Al-Mukarramah Mosque has such a large deviance that it faces the African continent. The research question for this thesis is how to determine the Qibla direction at Al-Mukarramah Mosque, Gampong Punge Jurong, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh City and how accurate the Qibla direction at Al-Mukarramah Mosque, Gampong Punge Jurong, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh City. In this study the authors used a qualitative approach research method, a type of Field Research (field research), and used a qualitative descriptive analysis method. describe and analyze the method of determining the Qibla direction of the Al-Mukarramah Mosque then verify the results of Qibla accuracy. The results of this study concluded that first, the method of determining the Qibla direction of the Al-Mukarramah Mosque in Gampong Punge Jurong, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh City was carried out in two ways: 1) Rashdul Qibla, when the Al-Mukarrmah Mosque was about to be built in 1999 by the Imam of Gampong Punge Jurong during the that, 2) Kompas, carried out in 2018 this happened when the Aceh MPU fatwa No. 3 of 2018 concerning the determination of the Qibla direction. Second, test the accuracy of the Qibla direction of the Al-Mukarramah Mosque by using the Mizwala Qibla Finder, Rubu' Mujayyab, Protractor, and Google Earth that the Qibla direction of the mosque does not face the Ka’bah so it has a slope with the position of the mosque building by 15° to the north and results via visual google earth The building of the Al-Mukarramah mosque faces the African continent.

تمويل المساجد ومعاهد التعليم من مال الزكاة: دراسة فقهية مقارنة

This study centered on the rule of the Islamic Sharia in the disbursement of alms giving income to the building of mosques and schools. The problem of this study stems from the point view of Islamic law, which has set alms giving in only eight categories. Moreover, if it said that alms giving is permissible in all public interest, it will cancel the benefit of determining of these alms of giving. There are disquieting questions such as: What if people fail to volunteer in mosques and schools? This study came to achieve a set of objectives, such as: The most correct view of the opinion of the jurisprudent scholars in this matter, studying the legitimate alternatives granted to such interests, and finally searching for the meaning of the type of jihad and the types of Mujahedeen who are more deserving of alms giving تتمحور هذه الدراسة حول بيان حكم بناء وتمويل المساجد ومعاهد العلم من مال الزكاة، مع بيان البدائل الشرعية الكفيلة بمثل هذه المصالح العامة. وتنبع إشكالية هذه الدراسة من جهة: أن الشرع الإسلامي قد حدد بدقة مصاريف الزكاة في ثمانية أصناف، وهذا التحديد يقتضي حصرها فيها، وإذا ما قيل بجواز صرفها في جميع وجوه البر فإن ذلك يبطل فائدة التحديد؛ فالمصالح العامة واسعة ومتنوعة ولا تُحد بحد، مع مخالفته لمقصود الشرع من فرض الزكاة وهو مواساة الفقراء، والنهوض بالإنسان على المستوى الاقتصادي، ولكن في مقابل ذلك تثور أسئلة مقلقة مثل: ماذا لو تقاعس الناس عن التطوع في بناء المساجد والمدارس؟، وماذا لو لم ينتظم بيت المال الذي هو المخول لمثل هذه المصالح؟، فهل يكون للقول بصرف الزكاة فيها مساغ في الاجتهاد والنظر الفقهي؟. وتنحصر أهداف الدراسة في أربعة أمور، وهي: 1- بيان الرأي الراجح في هذه المسألة، 2-دراسة البدائل الشرعية المخولة لهذه المصالح، 3-الجواب عن السؤال الآنف، 4- بيان مقصود القرآن بمصرف (في سبيل الله). وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج منها: أن الشريعة الإسلامية قصدت حصر المصارف الزكوية ليكون بمنأى عن الاجتهادات التي قد تفضي به إلى صرفه في غير وجهه. ومنها: ترجيح القول بمنع بناء المساجد وتمويل المعاهد العلمية من مال الزكاة، إلا عند الضرورة والحاجة الشديدة، ومنها: بيان البدائل الشرعية لبناء المساجد والمعاهد.

SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION AND HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION - CASE STUDY OF A REMOTE DOCUMENTATION OF TRAVNIK’S VAROŠKA MOSQUE

Abstract. After two disastrous fires in Travnik in 1903, the Austro-Hungarian administration designed a new and secure mosque building model typology following a distinctive style of Habsburg-Bosnia. In order to understand the interventions which were carried out in that time, the research team examined the limited plan documentation from the 1990s. and collected the basic measurements by working on-site. Because of extended requirements, and new target areas being developed later in the project, more data for further research was needed. This paper will examine the possibilities of supplementing the existing materials collected on site by including new secondary sources into the processing. It will discuss the extent of combining data from different sources collected by means of crowdsourcing to conduct photogrammetric models and improve the quality of its result. Also, it will show how this material can refine already existing data and contribute to the precise documentation of the built heritage of Travnik, in particular to the 3D plan set of Varoška Mosque.

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION, PERIODIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA AND SPAIN AND THEIR EFFECT ON WESTERN CIVILIZATION: A HISTORICAL REVIEW

This study aims to depict the Islam’s history of development and Islamic civilization from its propagation to the present. The descriptive qualitative research approach utilized in developing this study intends to describe the development and civilization of Islam. A literature review collects data from numerous sources such as books, journals, papers, articles, and electronic media such as the Internet. The writer also employs qualitative data analysis and the deductive writing style in this study. The findings show that some of the basics of Islamic civilization proposed by Prophet Muhammad that can be known; mosque building, forming the ukhuwah islamiyah, and building relationships between non-Muslims. Therefore, during this civilization, one of the famous scholars, Nourouzabad ash-Shiddiqi, states that the periods are committed to two periodizations; the classical period of Islam (650-1250), a period of Islamic progress, and a time of disintegration modern period of Islam (1800-today) is marked by the rise of Islam in politics, military, social, and cultural spheres and the revival of philosophical thinking among some of the Arab scientists.

A Review on the Roofs’ Design Influencing the Physical Environment in the Naturally Ventilated of Mosque Buildings

The modern pitch and domed roofs design of the Malaysian mosques was created as a symbolic of Muslim place of worship besides functioning as a filter to the outdoor climate. Malaysia is a country that is famous for the high air temperature and relative humidity and inconsistent air movement of local climate which can influence the indoor environment. The different roof designs of Malaysian mosques also give impact to the believers in conducting prayers and other activities inside the mosques. Therefore, this study is to investigate the difference of roof design that influenced the thermal comfort and believers’ convenience in the mosque's building. It was found that the traditional roof design of mosques in Malaysia was the pitched roof with two and three-stacked mosques whereas most of the modern roof design was the domed roof. Both the pitched and domed roof of the mosque's design had the ability to control the indoor air distribution inside the mosque building. The pitch roof had the ability to control the circulation of the indoor air movement to achieve the equilibrium state whereas the domed roof could stratify the outdoor cool air to replace the hot indoor air inside the mosque building. Therefore, the future researcher could focus more strategies in order to improve the roof design of mosque for better indoor air inside the mosque building.