Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Research Articles

Comparative assessment of the change in the species composition of vegetation on the territory of the western field of RSAU-MTAA

The article presents the analysis of changes in the floral composition of the western field of the Ecological Station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy for 4 years. The research object is located in the center of the megalopolis, it is subject to high anthropogenic load, as it is surrounded on both sides by a road network, and at the same time it is part of the facies of the Forest Experimental Dacha. The site is characterized by close occurrence of groundwater, high density of upper soil horizons, heterogeneous soil structure and mesorelief, resulting of in flooding. As a result of a significant number of anthropogenic and abiotic factors, it is necessary to analyze the vegetation composition and the species richness of the area in order to assess the dynamics of variability of these conditions and to predict the potential stability of the biological diversity of the area. The changes in the species composition were analyzed by describing the vegetation and evaluating quantitative indicators: frequency of occurrence, abundance of species, degree of their dominance according to the O. Drude scale, as well as the Shannon index and indicators of species richness and saturation.The studies carried out showed a pronounced variability in vegetation cover from 2018 to 2022. During the study period, there was a change in plant families and an increase in species diversity: richness and saturation indices. In 2022, there was an increase in the number of species and an increase in the uniformity of their numbers compared to 2018.

Creation of a bioresource collection of berry plants on the basis of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy

The article presents the results of work on the formation of a bioresource collection of berry plants of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy based on a variety testing area of forest berry plants and a collection of species of the Dendrological Garden named after R.I. Schroeder. The variety testing area includes berry plants of the genera Vaccinium (V. corymbosum – 8 species; V. angustifolium – 4 species; V. corymbosum × V. angustifolium – 3 species; V. oxycoccos – 2 species; V macrocarpon – 3 species; V. vitis-idaea – 4 species) and Rubus (R. arcticus – 9 species; R. chamaemorus – 1 species). Introduced berry plants with edible fruits from the 24 genera are mainly represented in the collection of the Dendrological Garden named after R.I. Schroeder: Actinidia (4 species), Amelanchier (5 species), Aronia (2 species), Berberis (2 edible species), Cornus (2 species), Crataegus (more than 10 species), Elaeagnus (2 species), Fragaria (2 species), Hippophae (1 species), Lonicera (1 edible species), Mahonia (1 species), Morus (2 species), Prunus (13 species), Ribes (4 species), Rosa (6 edible species), Rubus (6 species), Sambucus (1 edible species), Schisandra (1 species), Shepherdia (1 species), Sorbus (more than 10 more than 10 species and a number of cultivars and a number of cultivars), Vaccinium (wild forms of 5 species), more than 5 species), Vitis (3 species). All plants included in the bioresource collection have nutritional and medicinal value and are quite stable in growth, development and fructification in the Moscow microclimate. Work has begun on the creation of an in vitro genetic bank of economically valuable, rare and difficult to propagate species, varieties and forms of berry plants. The aim is to maintain a bioresource collection, preserve biological diversity and accelerate the cultivation of planting material with subsequent fruit production under conditions of import substitution.

Кафедре генетики , селекции и семеноводства - 100 лет

The year 2023 is a special year for domestic selection: this year marks the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production at Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, the first department of this profile in Russia. Among the rapid changes in everyday life in post-revolutionary Russia, much was possible even in such a conservative environment as education. In 1923, thanks to the efforts of the Russian geneticist and breeder Sergey I. Zhegalov, this department was organised on the basis of the Breeding Station. The activities of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production are based on a solid academic foundation laid by Sergei I. Zhegalov and developed by his followers who have headed and worked at the department. The Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production was and is a methodological center for the training of genetic breeders. The textbooks and training manuals written by its staff from Zhegalov’s time to the present day have been fundamental for all universities in the country. In 1988, on the initiative of Professor Yuri B. Konovalov, a new specialty “Breeding and Genetics of Agricultural Crops” was started at Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, which was supervised nationally by the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production. During the existence of the department, more than 100 doctors and candidates of sciences have been trained. Graduates of the department can be found in in almost all major agricultural universities and research institutes in neighbouring countries, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Vietnam, Syria, Egypt, China and many other countries.

Оценка длительного воздействия бессменного выращивания различных сельскохо зяйственных культур на микробные сообщества почвы

The study of soil microbial communities under different agricultural crops (flax, clover, barley, potato, winter rye) grown in permanent cropping and crop rotation was carried out. The effect of permanent cropping and crop rotation on the taxonomic profile of the prokaryotic and fungal components of the soil microbiome was studied. The effect of permanent cropping and crop rotation on the metabolic intensity and stability of soil biota in the absence of mineral and organic fertilisers was assessed. The subject of the research was the long-term experience established in 1912 by Professor A.G. Doyarenko at the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, founded in 1912 by Professor A.G. Doyarenko. It was shown that the highest OUT (operational taxonomic units) values for fungi were found in soils under fallow and crop rotation. For prokaryotes, however, the crop rotation variant had the lowest number of OTUs. Ascomycetes were found to be the dominant fungal taxon in all samples studied. Prokaryotes were dominated by Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota, followed by Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi were represented to a lesser extent. Among the archaea, the Crenarcheota phylum was dominant. It was shown that continuous cultivation of crops generally has a negative effect on the functioning of the microbial community. With an optimal metabolic coefficient of 0.2 in monoculture, they reached 0.6. The sustainability of the soil microbial community is reduced by the continuous cultivation of potatoes, flax and clover without organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as by the “perpetual fallow” option. Particularly unfavorable conditions were found in potato monoculture. Continuous cultivation of cereals, especially winter rye, does not lead to a significant decrease in the activity of soil biota and the stability of soil microbial communities. Crop rotation makes it possible to optimize microbiological processes in the soil and to increase the stability of the soil microbial community.

Ecological assessment of the aftereffect of phosphogypsum on the stabilization of the carbon balance of the regenerated topsoil of degraded sod-podzolic soils

Against the background of global climate changes, agroecological problems of erosion and agrogenic degradation of intensively used arable soils have become more acute. This problem is most acute in the case of old-arable sod-podzolic soils with initially low humus content and small thickness of their sod horizons. Our research carried out with the support of project No. 075-15-2021-1030 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, provides investigation the influence of industrial waste in the production of phosphorous fertilizers - phosphogypsum on the stabilization of the carbon balance of the regenerated topsoil of degraded sod-podzolic soils. The research was carried out at the Agroecological Station of the Field Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in fall of 2022 and in summer of 2023. The use of phosphogypsum in a dose of 1.5 t/ha contributed to the significant accumulation of organic carbon in the topsoil of the studied sod-podzolic soils – in comparison with the control. In combination with compost from bird dropping at a dose of 2.0 t/ha, the aftereffect of the use of phosphogypsum essentially increases, that indicates good prospects for the validation of this technology as a natural climate project.

Changes in flax yield and quality in response to various mineral nutrition.

The researchers of Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2013-2016 conducted a long-term stationary experiment to study chemical and toxicological properties of fiber flax, Voskhod variety, growing on sod-podzolic soil in the soil and climate of the Moscow region. Test plots were selected with following crop rotation options: without fertilizers, without liming; without fertilizers, with liming; N100P150K120 (kg a.i./ha), without liming; N100P150K120, with liming; N100P150K120 + manure 20 t/ha, without liming; N100P150K120 + manure 20 t/ha, with liming. The agro-climatic conditions of the growing seasons during the research years did not have a negative impact on the growth and development of fiber flax, the hydro-thermal index was 1.1 in 2013, -1.05 in 2014, 1.5 in 2015, and 1.5 in 2016. The maintained crop rotation and the introduction of a full range of mineral and organic fertilizers has been found to contribute to high yields of flax in terms of fiber (18.5-18.9 hwt/ha) and seeds (7.9-8.3 hwt/ha). The seeds contain 16.9-19.5% protein and 33.5-39.4% lipids. The yield of flaxseed oil from seeds ranged from 19.5-35.7% on average for different variants of the experiment. The peroxide number index was 2.5-1.5 mg-eq O2/kg, the acid number index was 1.1-1.9 mg KOH/g, which corresponds to obtaining high-quality linseed oil in compliance with quality standards for all variants of the experiment.

Nutrient Diagnostics and Biochemical Indicators of Oat Grain Quality Predicted by Leaf Juice Amino Acid Concentration

In order to find out the relationship between the level of nitrogen nutrition of oat plants of the Yakov variety and the content of amino acids in leaf juice, as well as the possibility of using this indicator to assess the content and composition of proteins, the activity of amylases, catalases and peroxidases in ripe grain and the activity of theseenzymes in germinating grain, a field experiment was carried out at the Field Experimental Station of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. In the field experiment, variants with different levels of nitrogen nutrition of oat plants that had passed post-harvest ripening were tudied. Ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, and potassium chloride were applied in advance. As a result, it was found that as the level of nitrogen nutrition of plants increased, the concentration of amino acids in the juice of oat leaves at the stage of formation of the first stem node decreased, which was closely correlated with the nitrogen doses. These data indicate the possibility of using this indicator for the diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition in oat plants. The studies also revealed a reliable correlation between the content of amino acids in leaf juice and the concentration of proteins soluble in water and solutions of 10% KCl, 0.2% NaOH, as well as the activity of acid (pH 5.5), neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 8) isoenzymes of α-amylase and acid isoforms of β-amylase in ripe grain. In addition, the amino acid content of leaf juice was found to be significantly correlated with the activity of acidic α-amylase, acidic and neutral β-amylase in germinated grain. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of predicting the level of protein accumulation in oat grains. It is also possible to predict the protein composition, activity of α- and β-amylase, catalase, and peroxidase isoenzymes from the content of amino acids in leaf juice in the phase of the first stem node formation. A reliable correlation was also found for the activity of acid and neutral isoenzymes of α-amylase, catalase, and peroxidase in ripe and germinated oat grain.

Ecological characterisation of the mycotoxin Alternariol in the green mass of spring wheat and white mustard under the conditions of the Moscow region

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of agro-ecological factors on the content of mycotoxins in the green mass of white mustard (Sinapis alba) and the spring wheat variety Lyubava (Triticum aestivum L.). The study was conducted at the experimental field «Yuzhnoe» of the Ecological Station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy using chemical and microbiological methods. Agro-ecological factors were evaluated by the following parameters: humus content, soil acidity, phosphorus, potassium and lead content. The immunoenzyme method was used to determine the content of mycotoxins in the vegetative mass of white mustard and spring wheat (according to development stages). As a result, the highest levels of mycotoxin contamination were found in the mid-ripe stage of the crops, exceeding the average level of contamination by 8‑11 times in wheat and 4‑5 times in white mustard. The highest inverse correlation was found between the Alternariol content in the studied crops and the soil temperature of the upper layer of the humus horizon of 0‑5 cm. This fact justifies a more detailed study of the effect of this environmental factor.

Features of natural renewal in pine-linden and larch-linden forest stands in Moscow

Problems of natural renewal of tree species (pine-linden and larch-linden stands) were studied in the territory of Forest experimental station, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Natural regeneration of tree species is one of the most urgent problems of forestry and forest park management in urban areas. Reforestation refers to complex natural processes that affect all components of biogeocenoses. The purpose of the research was to study natural regeneration in mixed stands in Moscow. Methods and results of field surveys of forest stands in permanent trial plots were described. The forest stands of permanent trial plots are mature and overmature, therefore at present there is a loss of large-sized pine and larch trees. Due to greater durability, larch falls off more slowly compared to pine. Further growth of pine-linden and larch-linden plantations depends on quantity and quality of undergrowth, its viability and growing conditions. In Forest experimental station, natural renewal prevails, represented mainly by the following species: maple and linden. Saplings of pine, larch, oak, and birch appear on some permanent test plots, but soon die due to unfavorable conditions. Oak undergrowth is also unreliable due to powdery mildew infection. The greatest loss of growth occurs in unfavorable growing conditions due to increased recreational loads.

Adventive Component of the Flora of the Forest Experimental Station of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy

At present, much attention is paid to the study of the adventive component of the flora of urban forests, the appearance of which is due to anthropogenic impact. The aim of the work is to evaluate the contribution of alien species to the diversity of the flora of the Forest Experimental Station of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Adventive species from the current floristic list of the Forest Experimental Station were identified. It was established that 99 vascular plant species belonging to 66 genera and 34 families are adventive. The largest number of these species belong to Magnoliophyta (91 species). Among the families of the adventive fraction, Rosaceae (22 species) and Aceraceae (10 species) are the most multispecies. The dominant position is occupied by the genus Acer, which includes 10 adventive species. The analysis of the florogenetic structure revealed that most of the representatives of the adventive flora are representatives of the North American, European and European-West Asian florogenetic groups. This is associated with the introduction experiments in the Forest Experimental Station. An analysis of the distribution of species of adventive flora of the Forest Experimental Station by life forms indicated the predominance of trees (38%) and shrubs (34%) over herbaceous plants (28%). It was established that the proportion of adventive species in the flora is 28.1%, which allows it to be considered natural and slightly disturbed and indicates the resistance of plant communities to an aggressive urban environment despite the high level of recreational load and pollution from road transport. The biogeocenoses of the Forest Experimental Station continue to retain signs of a natural object that correspond to the natural conditions of the Moscow region.

Особенности формирования саженцев малины при капельном орошении в условиях дерново-подзолистых почв Центрального Нечерноземья

Practically no studies on drip irrigation of raspberries in the conditions of the Moscow region have been carried out, in particular, the patterns of the production process of plants under drip irrigation have not been identified. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to study the effect of drip irrigation regimes on the formation of raspberry seedlings in the conditions of soddy-podzolic soils in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The studies were carried out on the lands of the educational and experimental farm of the laboratory of fruit growing "Michurinskiy Sad" of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2020-2022. The two-factor field experience included regimes as the first factor, and varietal characteristics as the second. As a result of the research, it was revealed that drip irrigation contributes to the saving of irrigation water and the creation of an optimal water-air regime of the soil during the entire growing season. In the variant of drip irrigation with maintaining moisture in the root layer in the range of 80-100% of the lowest moisture capacity, the saving of irrigation water compared to furrow irrigation averaged 65%, and in the variant of 60-80% of the lowest moisture capacity - 78%. Drip irrigation contributes to the formation of seedlings with the highest values of biometric indicators (stem diameter, plant height, leaf surface area and volume, length, mass of the root system) and increase productivity. An analysis of the experimental data on the biometric indicators of raspberries and its yield allows us to recommend irrigation regimes with maintaining the moisture content of the root layer of the soil in the range of 70-90% of the lowest moisture capacity and 80-100% of the lowest moisture capacity as optimal.

Control of contamination of raw milk by antibiotics

Foreign biologically active substances that can be contained in milk of cows, which having a negative impact on the health and quality of life of people are antibiotics. Intensive use of antibiotics in veterinary practice contributes to the globalization of micro doses in the environment, accelerates the evolution and spread of resistant forms of microorganisms. The principle of prioritizing the safety of dairy products, based on the mandatory control of raw milk for the content of residual amounts of antibiotics, is implemented in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents. There is a need to use high-tech laboratory methods of detection of antimicrobial drugs in raw materials and livestock products. The purpose of the research was to control the contamination of raw milk by antibiotics. Raw milk of morning milking from cows of Black-and-White breed was used for the research. Milk was obtained at the zoo station of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”. In the samples residual amounts of antibiotics of diff erent pharmacological groups, most widely used in productive animal husbandry were determined. Sampling of raw milk and their preparation for research was carried out in accordance with State Standard T 26809.1-2014. The determination of residual amounts of antibiotics was carried out by the method of an internal standard for the areas of chromatographic peaks of identifi ed compounds using a calibration characteristic obtained by analyzing calibration solutions of known compounds under similar conditions. It was established that monitoring the health of lactating cows, strict compliance with the rules for the use of veterinary medicines, the exclusion of errors in the technology of production of feed and feed additives, contribute to minimizing contamination of raw milk by antibiotics.

Greenhouses in space: from intention to implementation

April 12 is Cosmonautics Day, International Day of Human Space Flight. This is a memorable date dedicated to the flight of the first cosmonaut of the planet, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, who became a symbol of the earthlings' dream come true. The All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC)), like a number of other academic institutions, from the beginning of space exploration, got involved in the work to solve the problem of developing food for astronauts and continues research to this day. In the embodiment of the ideas of K.E. Tsiolkovsky and S.P. Korolev on the creation of space greenhouses received a number of significant achievements in the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Institute of Biochemical Physics N.M. Emanuel, SSC RF IBMP RAS and others. Varieties of vegetable crops have been created, tested and recommended for weightlessness conditions: radish, Chinese cabbage, dill, lettuce and other rapidly maturing plants. The variety of Chinese Vesnyanka cabbage has successfully passed biotechnical tests on the ground model of the Phytocycle-SD space conveyor greenhouse, during which good production and biochemical parameters were obtained. Russian scientists are conducting research on developing a technology for cultivating various vegetable plants under space flight conditions – in closed ecosystems (synergotrons), which can serve as the basis of life support systems during space flights, at space stations or in space habitats, where some conditions specific for ISS. Studies have been carried out to study tomato plants grown from seeds that have been under space flight conditions for a long time. As a result of the study, a statistically significant increase in the levels of ascorbic acid, polyphenols and carotenoids, the total antioxidant activity of tomato fruits compared to plants grown from control seeds (ground control) was found.

Влияние метеорологических условий на формирование хозяйственно-полезных признаков яровой пшеницы в условиях ЦРНЗ

This article presents the results of the study of the meteorological effect of vegetation on the formation of economic traits of spring wheat in 2021–2022. Fifteen varieties, developed in the different ecological conditions, were selected as study material, among them Zlata was used as a standard. The research work was carried out at the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (evaluation of field trials during vegetation, analysis of yield and its structure) and at the Department of Remote Hybridization of the N.V. Tsitsin’s Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Science (laboratory evaluation of grain quality). The crops studied were grown at the Field Experiment Station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The soil types were sod-podzolic, sandy loam, loamy, structureless. The plot size is 1 m2, three replications, randomized arrangement. Methods of field evaluation according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing as well as generally accepted laboratory evaluations were used. The meteorological conditions during the summer growing season varied greatly in terms of the sum of active temperatures and humidity conditions. The first half of the growing season in 2021 was favorable for wheat plant development. The period from flowering to the grain maturity was characterized by severe drought. In 2022, growing conditions were generally favorable. Simbirtsit (481 g/m2), Obskaya 2 (484 g/m2), Tobol’skaya (512 g/m2), Margarita (603 g/m2), Favorit (505 g/m2), Granni (484 g/m2) were the most productive varieties. The meteorological conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region in 2021–2022 had an insignificant effect on the yields of most spring wheat varieties due to compensating mechanisms. Only the varieties Margarita, Uchitel’ and Iren’ were found to respond to the additional moisture. The varieties Saratovskaya 74, Simbirtsit, Tyumenskaya 29, Obskaya 2, and Tobol’skaya are characterized by high resistance to local strains of brown rust under natural infection conditions (7 points). The varieties Favorit and Simbirtsit are immune to powdery mildew (9 points). The varieties Simbirtsit, Obskaya 2, Tobol’skaya, Margarita, Favorit and Trizo are highly resistant to septoriosis (7 points). They can be used as source material for breeding spring wheat varieties. The meteorological effect is tracked for tillering productivity, number and weight of grains per ear, weight of 1000 grains and vitreousness. Drought during the grain formation and filling phase reduced the values of all indicators. Grain unit is the most stable indicator of grain physical properties. The earliest ripening varieties are Zlata and Iren’ (the duration of vegetation is 79–81 and 76–79, respectively). The latest ripening varieties are Tobol’skaya, Favorit and Trizo (8, 10 and 16 days after the standard, respectively). High grain content per ear was observed in the varieties Agata, Margarita, Uchitel’, Favorit, Granni (33–39pcs) in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region. The indicator of grain weight per ear can be used as a morphological marker for selection of high-yielding genotypes of spring wheat in the Central Non-Chernozem region.

ВИДОВОЙ СОСТАВ ТРИПСОВ (INSECTA: THYSANOPTERA) НА СЕЛЕКЦИОННЫХ ПОСЕВАХ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В РГАУ-МСХА ИМЕНИ К.А. ТИМИРЯЗЕВА

Cereal thrips are ubiquitous, widespread and strong pests of grain crops. Imago and larvae of thrips can damage leaves, ears, flowers and grains by injecting and sucking plant juices. Thrips reduce not only the weight but also the sowing qualities of grain, posing a threat to breeding and seed crops. Cereal thrips are a systematically and biologically diverse group of species that are diffi-cult to diagnose and study. Morphological diagnosis of thrips is carried out according to the adult phase; diagnosis of larvae of closely related species requires the use of molecular genetic methods. The wheat thrips are usually the main focus; other species are less known. In the experimental crops in Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, cereal thrips are one of the main pests. In 2020, on spring wheat, their share in the number of insect collections by mowing with a net reached 14 in 2022, it reached 29%. However, the species composition of thrips has not been previously studied here. In the genetic collection of spring wheat (45 varieties) and the collection of endemic wheat (18 varieties) of the breeding experimental station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, censuses and diagnostics of the species composition of thrips were carried out. A total of 993 adults of thrips were analyzed and micro preparations were made. Seven species of herbivorous and one species of predatory thrips were identified. The species composition is dominated by three species of cereal thrips: Haplothrips aculeatus, Haplothrips tritici, and Frankliniella tenuicornis. The rarest among them is the rye thrips Limothrips denticornis. Some differences between thrips species are noted in terms of appearance on crops and the period of the main damage. For the most widespread, closely related and outwardly similar species, the main diagnostic features are indicated.

Формирование плодов , семян и урожайност ь сортов люпина белого (Lupinus albus L.) с детерминантным типом роста

Long-term studies were carried out at the experimental base of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (Michurinsky district, Tambov region) in the conditions of the northern part of the Central Chernozem region. The breeding program to create new varieties of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) of determinant type was carried out on leached chernozems and included studies to assess the effect of stress factors on the main dynamic parameters and seed productivity of varieties of white lupine selected by the RSAU – MTAA. In the research in the conditions of 2021–2022 the new varieties of white lupine Timiryazevsky and Gana had a high level of adaptation potential in drought conditions: the yield was 540 g/m2 (Timiryazevsky) and 516 g/m2 (Gana).

Машинно-испытательная станция как база практической подготовки агроинженеров

The new materials about V.P. Goryachkin have been recently found in the archives of the Museum of Agricultural Mechanics named after V.P. Goryachkin (Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy). These finding helped clarify and supplement information about the history of establishing the agro-engineering scientific and pedagogical school by Vasily Goryachkin at Moscow Agricultural Institute - Petrovskaya Agricultural Academy - Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The newly discovered documents reveal some of the circumstances of the construction of the Machine Testing Station at Moscow Agricultural Institute in 1913, the establishing of the Faculty of Agricultural Mechanics of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 1928, as well as further training courses for teachers in the field of agricultural engineering. Documents related to the opening of the All-Union Institute of Agricultural Engineering in 1928 were also introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Particularly valuable facts concerning the life and work of V.P. Goryachkin, can be found in the earliest memoirs about the great scientist, written by his closest student and long-term colleague Professor B.A. Krill in 1937, two years after the death of Vasily Goryachkin.

Интеллектуальное воспитание в процессе подготовки агроинженеров

Intellectual education is an activity aimed at personal development, including such intellectual qualities as competence, creativity, a unique mindset, self-regulation, etc. Intellectual education is an integral part of the education process. The tasks of intellectual education are determined based on students’ intelligence, the level of their compliance with the requirements of professional activity. The authors conducted an empirical study of the peculiarities of mental experience of agricultural engineering students to assess the development of operational characteristics of thinking, determine the relationship between the parameters of intelligence and the level of self-regulation, the correlation of empirical data with the criteria of intellectual education. The study involved 97 students of the Institute of Mechanics and Power Engineering named after V.P. Goryachkin of Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The results of the empirical study demonstrated a direct relationship between the levels of development of thinking operations and components of volitional regulation of activity. The peculiarity of intellectual development of future agricultural engineers is insufficient formation of a number of intellectual skills, which hinders the formation of intellectual qualities of a professional. To ensure effective and successful engineering activity of graduates (training area 35.03.06 Agroengineering), it is necessary to expand students’ outlook, enrich general mental experience and form a set of professional knowledge, as well as train basic thinking operations.

Развитие снежной плесени озимой пшеницы в условиях Централ ьного Нечерноземья с учетом технологий обработки почвы

The paper presents the results of the analysis of diseases of infectious fallout of winter wheat at the Field Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy from 2013–2015 to 2020–2021, depending on the tillage technology and weather conditions. It was shown that the main disease was pink snow mold (caused by Microdochium nivale). The analysis of the dynamics of the disease over 5 years showed that the prevalence was higher under zero tillage than under moldboard tillage (6.6 and 3.9%, respectively). The statistical analysis carried out showed an average positive correlation between soil density and disease prevalence (r=0.57 – for moldboard tillage and r=0.69 – for zero tillage). The data obtained indicate the need to adapt the protective measures against fallout diseases, taking into account the tillage technology, the cultivation zone and the climatic conditions.

Opening Remarks by the Chairman of the Editorial Board and Editor-In-Chief

The authors of the article announce a new Russian scientific electronic journal “Timiryazev Biological Journal” founded in 2023, but having more than 150-year history. The most important mission of the journal, according to the authors, is to provide highly qualified information support to topical biological research, for which a solid team of editors and reviewers, who are experts in different branches of biological sciences, is created. The authors invite scientists as well as their young colleagues, post-graduates and PhD students to publish in the journal “Timiryazev Biological Journal”, and express the hope that in the near future the journal will become an important platform for biologists to exchange relevant scientific information, and continue to develop the traditions of academic and applied science, established in the walls of the oldest agrarian university In Rusia Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy.