Moscow State Institute Research Articles

The Evolution of the University Textbook on Library Science: 1960—2024

The year 2025 will mark the 65th anniversary of the first Soviet textbook “General Library Science” prepared by O.S. Chubaryan. It was followed by other textbooks in this discipline. Reconstructing their history and evolutionary transformations is important to reflect and evaluate the progressive development and achievements of Soviet and post-Soviet library science. This is a unique pedagogical experience of forming professional knowledge and self-awareness of several generations of future library specialists, many of whom became veterans of librarianship and contributed to its progress. In Soviet times four textbooks on library science were published, approved by the Ministry of Culture of the USSR for use in higher education institutions of the country — three editions of the textbook by O.S. Chubaryan (1960, 1968, 1976) and one collective work — “Library Science. General Course”, prepared by Moscow and Leningrad scientists under the editorship of K.I. Abramov and N.S. Kartashov (1988). The post-Soviet textbook “General Library Science” by V.V. Skvortsov and N.S. Kartashov (1996—1997) was published in two parts. The transition to the Bologna system of education in Russia and the activation of higher education served as a catalyst for the project of publishing textbooks for bachelors of library and information science, the first of which — “Library Science. General Course” under the scientific editorship of A.N. Vaneyev and M.N. Kolesnikova (2013). Later, the textbook of the Moscow State Institute of Culture was published under the editorship of M.Y. Dvorkina and L.I. Salnikova (2015). At the current stage of modernization of the country’s higher education system and withdrawal from the Bologna system of education, the updating of the entire series of textbooks began. The textbook “Library Science. General Course” edited by M.N. Kolesnikova (2024) is prepared on a different conceptual basis than the previous post-Soviet textbooks. From edition to edition, the main professional textbook underwent transformations due to socio-political, cultural-historical, technological and other factors.

Candidate Minimum on Scientific Specialty 5.10.4 “Library Science, Bibliography and Book Science”: Issues of Theoretical Design and Practical Implementation

The paper is devoted to the problems of improving the system of training and expertise of scientific personnel in the field of library and information sciences. The relevance is due to the decrease in the quality of dissertation research in library science, bibliography and book studies due to the insufficient readiness of young scientific personnel for research activities. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the competence–based approach as the methodological basis for the theoretical design of candidate exam programs and to offer practical tools appropriate for assessing the level of readiness of applicants for the degree of Candidate of Sciences for scientific work in the specialty 5.10.4 – Library Science, bibliography and book studies. The definition of the candidate’s exam in line with the competence approach is given, a system of competence guidelines in the training of graduate students on the specialty 5.10.4 is formed. The control and measuring materials of the candidate’s examination in the specialty 5.10.4, developed and implemented at the Moscow State Institute of Culture, are presented. They are ready for implementation into educational and expert practices of other universities and scientific organizations.

Yury N. Stolyarov in the history of Moscow State Institute of Culture

The authors analyze the contribution of Yury Nikolaevich Stolyarov, an outstanding librarian, documentary scholar, historian of book culture, to the development of the Moscow State Institute of Culture (MGIK). The conceptual and organizational solutions developed and implemented by Y. N. Stolyarov during his work for MGIK are discussed. The article is dedicated to the memory of Yury N. Stolyarov.

Yury Nikolaevich Stolyarov, Chair Head of the Moscow State Institute of Culture

The author discusses the contribution of Yury N. Stolyarov as the head of Library Collections and Catalogs Chair of the Moscow State Institute of Culture (MGIK). Lyubov Zuparova as MGIK chair professor and secretary memorizes the period of August, 1991-August, 2007, when Yury N, Stolyarov headed the MGIK Chair of Library Collections and Catalogs. The author lists the members of subject commissions “Library Collection” and “Library Catalogs”, characterizes their research and pedagogical potential. The efforts of the faculty to save the chair in the tough times of perestroika and to introduce the new, for the Institute, specialty “Documentology and Administration Document Support” are characterized. The author emphasizes the influence of the specialty on the subject scope of Y. Stolyarov’s studies. She discusses the professional development, initiatives, and faculty relationship, as well as the personal qualities of Yury Stolyarov, as the head and organizer of learning process, his role in support of the chair members’ professional development.

The man-lighthouse and the man-anchor

The article is dedicated to the memory of Yury Nikolaevich Stolyarov, an outstanding Soviet and Russian scientist and pedagogue, facilitator of science and higher education, the largest specialist in the field of library science, documentology, book science and computer science, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, President of the Library Science Department of the International Academy of Informatization, full member of the Russian Academy of Humanities, Honorary Professor of Moscow State Institute of Culture and Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture. The memoirs and reflections on Yury N. Stolyarov as a mentor and a friend are presented, and the authors' personal impressions of this in many ways amazing personality are given.

Library Professionology in Masters of Library and Information Science Training: Methodological Approaches to the Development of the Thematic Structure

The article deals with current issues of theory and methodology of library and information education. Its purpose is to substantiate the expediency of forming the thematic structure of the course “Library Professionology”, based on generalization of scientific ideas about the subject of library professionology as the library science discipline. The publication analyzes the methodological approaches of specialists from the leading universities of culture (Moscow State Institute of Culture, Belarusian State University of Culture and Arts, East-Siberian State Institute of Culture) to the construction of the content of one of the special academic disciplines – “Library Professionology”, – which is included in the curriculum for training Masters of Library and Information Activity.The author proposes one of the variants of the structural and logical model of the course “Library Professionology” – the complex theoretical and applied discipline that covers a wide range of problems related to the place and role of the library profession in the society. Mastering the essence and content of the library professionology by the Master students necessitates the acquisition of various professional competencies, with the general pedagogical competencies being the most significant among them. For this reason, the central place in the course should belong to the study of issues related to professional education – from history to current problems of organizing the library professionals training, content, methods and forms of training at the present stage.

Electronic Library Systems in the Focus of Digital Didactics and Cognitive Features of the Digital Generation

The relevance of the practical application of the theory of generations by N. Howe and W. Strauss in the context of digitalization is revealed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the capabilities of electronic library systems as didactic tools designed to promote the development of the cognitive abilities of the digital generation. The results of the study conducted at the Center for Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies of the Moscow State Institute of Culture are presented. The emergence of electronic library systems is characterized as a reaction to the redundancy and unreliability of information in the Internet environment. The phenomenon of the digital generation is analyzed, the maturation and socialization of which occur under the rapid penetration of digital technologies into all spheres of life of a modern person: leisure, everyday life, study, work. Representatives of this digital generation are integrated into digital society from their birth, so they have views, attitudes and values that differ from the worldview of older generations. The distinctive features and problems of developing the cognitive abilities of Z generation are considered. The results of the study of electronic educational systems “Urayt”, “Lan”, “Rukont”, “University Library Online”, “IPR Smart” are presented from the perspective of digital didactics. Violations of the didactic principles of systematic, scientific character, and clarity are identified. Recommendations are formulated for teachers and librarians on the specifics of working with Z generation.

Соотношение проектов статей, предусматривающих составы преступлений в сфере незаконного оборота и применения оружия, основанного на новых физических принципах, с действующим уголовным законодательством

The purpose of the study is to conduct a criminal law analysis of Articles 355 and Articles 356 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provide for liability for the circulation and use of weapons of mass destruction, to identify the features of their norms, as well as the relationship with the draft articles, which include the elements of crimes in the field of illicit trafficking and use of weapons based on new physical principles. The author of the scientific article used general and private scientific methods: the analysis of the norms of national and international legislation prohibiting the circulation of weapons of mass destruction, as well as the scientific approaches of scientists in the field of international humanitarian law, public international law and comparative law have also been studied. The main results of the work consist in the fact that the author of the study proved the fundamental difference between the elements of crimes provided for in Articles 355 and 356 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, establishing criminal liability for the circulation and use of weapons of mass destruction and the elements of crimes provided for in draft Articles 222.3. and 222.4. of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on the prohibition of illegal trafficking and use of weapons based on new physical principles. The necessity of their differentiation and, accordingly, the expediency of criminalizing criminal acts committed with the use of weapon based on new physical principles is justified. The results of scientific research were tested during the International Scientific Readings “Law. Bar. Notary”, organized by the Russian Academy of Lawyers and Notaries on April 19, 2023, as well as within the framework of the 3rd International Scientific Student Conference “Current Problems of International Law in the context of challenges to maintaining peace and security”, organized by the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) The Russian Foreign Ministry on April 25, 2023 and other scientific and practical events. The proposals formulated in the study can be used in the legislative process, as well as in establishing criminal liability in the law enforcement practice of existing criminal law norms.

«В Историко-архивном институте историческая география еще не совсем исчезла»: письма О.М. Медушевской В.К. Яцунскому (1956—1966 гг.)

The publication includes the letters by O. M. Medushevskaya to V. K. Yatsunskiy written in 1956–1966. They are of interest to the study of the beginning of O. М. Medushevskaya’s research path, which is associated with historical geography and the history of geographical knowledge. The letters’ main themes are — the work of O. M. Medushevskaya at the Department of Auxiliary Historical Disciplines of the Moscow State Institute for History and Archives, preparation for publication of the lectures on the 17th—19th centuries maps, consultation of E. G. Istomina (Gelman) on the topic of the candidate dissertation (about the historical geography of the Novgorod province in the 18th century). These published sources are of particular interest for studying intergenerational communication between V. K. Yatsunskiy and O. M. Medushevskaya, the relationship between the teacher and the student. The letters were found in the personal fund of V. K. Yatsunskiy in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Yuri Vladimirovich Grigoriev’s Personal Book Collection (to the 125th Anniversary of the Scientist’s Birth)

Personal book collections of scientists are valuable both as a historical and cultural source for the study of the owner’s personality and as an information resource. The article provides for the first time a multidimensional characterisation of the book and journal collection of the famous Russian librarian Yu.V. Grigoriev (1899—1973). The collection is currently part of the Fundamental Library of the Tambov State University (TSU) named after G.R. Derzhavin. After the death of the owner, the collection was acquired by the Tambov branch of the Moscow State Institute of Culture. It was included in the Fundamental Library TSU named after G.R. Derzhavin in 1994 in the process of its creation. The volume of the collection is 6241 copies. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of its thematic sections gives additional touches to the reader’s portrait of Yu.V. Grigoriev, reveals the sphere of his professional interests. The collection is universal in composition, most of which are publications on librarianship and related fields. The lower chronological boundary of the editions in the collection is 1852. Of special value are the editions of the 19 century, annual sets of magazines “Red Librarian”, “Bibliographic News”, a collection of abstracts of PhD theses of authors who became authoritative Russian librarians and bibliographers. All books contain exlibris of Yu.V. Grigoriev. More than 300 copies have gift inscriptions of colleagues and students, including two inscriptions of L.B. Khavkina. Being in the collection of the university library, the collection retains not only the memorial value, but also is a unique information resource, which is used in research and educational activities of teachers and students of the Department of Library and Information Resources of TSU named after G.R. Derzhavin.

Living zealously (On Alexander Mazuritsky’s 70<sup>th</sup> anniversary)

Living zealously (On Alexander Mazuritsky’s 70<sup>th</sup> anniversary)

Roundtable “Unification Church in Japan as a Sociocultural and Political Phenomenon”

In the second half of 2022, the Japanese political world was shaken by a major scandal: in July 2022, former Prime Minister and a prominent member of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party Abe Shinzō was killed at an election rally. The assassin, caught at the crime scene, declared that the murder was a revenge for the victim’s connection with the Unification Church, which, according to the perpetrator’s words, had led his family to financial ruin. Initially, this explanation seemed fantastical, but the investigation that followed revealed that both Abe Shinzō himself and many other Japanese politicians had been maintaining connections with the Unification Church for many years. This caused an uproar in Japanese society, especially given the rather controversial reputation of the Unification Church. On January 26, 2023, the Association of Japanologists and the research laboratory “Center for Japanese, Korean, and Mongolian Studies” of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University) held a roundtable “Unification Church in Japan as a Sociocultural and Political Phenomenon”. The participants of the roundtable analyzed the situation around the Unification Church and its role in Japanese politics in detail, studied the specific features of the “new religions” in Japanese society, and considered the factors determining their influence on the political world of Japan.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РОССИЙСКИХ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ТЕОРИЙ И ПРАКТИК ВНЕДРЕНИЯ СМЕШАННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ В ИНСТИТУТАХ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The article explores a new pedagogical approach that has been gaining popularity in recent decades. This refers to a blened learning model that makes it possible to ensure the availability of higher education for various categories of students. Moreover, the transition to a new format of education was due to the unfavorable epidemiological situation in the world (Covid-19). To date, Russian and foreign researchers have made attempts to formulate the essence of this approach and the ways of its implementation in the educational process, however, theorized knowledge about blended learning and the practices of its implementation are still insufficient. For this reason, the organization of training in a blended format is still experimental. The article describes the experience of implementing a blended learning model in leading Russian and foreign universities, namely, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Imperial College London, the University of Maryland, Moscow State Institute of International Relations and Tomsk Polytechnic University. The teachers note that due to the fact that students study a part of the educational material on their own through information and communication technologies before the start of the classroom lessons, is freed up more time for analysis of received information. In this regard, the classroom lesson becomes a place for generating new ideas and proposals. Thus, when organizing blended learning, the role of the teacher changes – he acts not as a translator of ready-made knowledge, but as a consultant and adviser. Consequently, as a result of training, an independent personality is formed, capable of exploring and critically analyzing the information received.

Привет из Гаваны: кубинский форум МАПРЯЛ

In 2022 (December 12–14) Havana hosted the International educational and cultural forum “Russian Literature in Latin America: Ideas and Values for the Future of the World”. The forum was organized by the MAPRYAL (International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature) in cooperation with the University of Havana. The aim of the forum is to strengthen interaction among members of academic and educational communities of Latin American countries studying Russia and its cultural heritage. The forum was attended by over 200 delegates — teachers, scholars, writers, translators, literary critics, representing Cuba and other Spanish-speaking countries (Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay, etc.), as well as Russian educational and scholarly institutions. The Russian delegation included representatives of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom) and A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Pushkin State Institute of the Russian Language, Maxim Gorky Institute of Literature and Creative Writing, Ural Federal and Southern Federal Universities, reputed writers, critics, translators and scholars, among them Evgeny Vodolazkin, Alexey Varlamov, Pavel Basinksy, the representatives of A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, — Vadim Polonsky and Andrey Kofman. Cuban and Latin American Russian studies were also widely represented: at the forum sessions, speeches were made by teachers of Russian, translators, writers, scholars, literary critics, publishers — Omar Lobos, Alejandro Ariel Gonzalez, Ruben Dario Flores, Raul Rodriguez de Silva, Irina Luna and many other reputed professionals whose activities are related to the Russian language and literature.

The Conference “Young Leaders in Library Science” is a Platform for Ideas and Discussions

The International Scientific and Practical Conference “Young Leaders in Library Science” was held for the first time by the Russian State Library (RSL) in September 2022 as part of celebration of the 160th anniversary of the Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum with the participation of the National Library of Russia (NLR) and the Section 31 on scientific research work of the Russian Library Association (RLA). The idea of the conference — to identify the present and future leaders of scientific projects and research in the modern library and information sphere of the country — has no analogues.The conference was attended by representatives of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, the National Research University — Higher School of Economics and the leading universities of Moscow that train staff for libraries — the Moscow State Linguistic University and the Moscow State Institute of Culture. For the first time, the results of the All-Russian monitoring of the staffing needs of libraries in 2022 in terms of the presence of young and qualified specialists in the sector were presented to the wide audience.For two days, three sections worked at the conference site: “Scientific research: in libraries, about libraries, for libraries”, “Applied scientific research in the library field: modern approaches and results” and “Library personnel: higher and additional professional education”. The latter was timed to the 100th anniversary of organization of specialized professional training of librarians within the RSL (1922—2022).511 participants from 9 neighbouring countries have previously registered to participate in the conference. 68 reports and papers of specialists from federal, regional, municipal, university libraries, universities, scientific organizations from 24 regions of Russia and three CIS countries were presented. The speakers were students and postgraduates, 8 doctors of sciences and 29 candidates of sciences, as well as managers and practitioners engaged in applied research as part of their direct work. Following the results of the conference, the collection of the best reports will be published in 2023.243 full-time participants attended the conference; the broadcasts of the events were viewed 2,243 times only at the time of its closure.The result of the conference was to identify the most relevant topics of scientific research in the area of library science, bibliography science and book studies, as well as specialists who will develop library science in the coming years and who will work in these scientific areas.

Yakov L. Shrayberg, the Educator: A few personal sketches

The paper deals with professional educational activities of Y. L. Shrayberg. The main attention is given to his contribution to the foundation and development of the Department of Information Technologies and Electronic Libraries at Moscow State Institute of Culture and the Department of Electronic Libraries and Scientometrics Research at Moscow State Linguistic University. The author notes the productivity of Y. L. Shrayberg’s educational and methodological work, his contribution to public activities as the deputy chair of Dissertation Committee at Moscow State Institute of Culture, his competence in research guidance to numerous PhD candidates whose work has formed the foundation of technological development in library and information field.The author also mentions organizational and public outreach activities that Y. L. Shrayberg has inspired and created (“Crimea” international scientific and practical conference including its component, Scientific and Educational Symposium “Building and developing the modern digital environment for education and science”, NALF School and many others).

The very beginning (on the 75-th anniversary of Yulia P. Melentyeva)

The article is published to celebrate the jubilee of Yulia P. Melentyeva. The author examines the stages of her life and professional career, beginning from her study at Moscow Library College and Moscow State Institute of Culture. The factors that influenced the choice of library profession are mentioned. Melentyeva's contribution to the national library science is emphasized.

A Conversation about the Meanings and Mission of Culture at the Time of Social Turbulence

The editorial board of journal presents a conversation between Prof. V.I. Ionesov, Doctor of Culture Studies (the Samara State Institute of Culture), and Prof. N.A. Khrenov, Doctor of Philosophy (the Moscow State Institute of Art Studies), discussing various aspects of historical and contemporary transformations of culture together with the change of its life cycles, as well as its social and artistic paradigms. Special features of the cultural code are considered in the context of Russias intellectual traditions; the roles of art, of symbolic practices, and of the dialog of cultures are substantiated in the context of a changing world. The meanings of such concepts as the leader of culture, the driver of culture, social myth-making, transitional processes, visual communication, and art transformation are revealed.

ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ ПСИХОЛОГИИ: ПЕРВЫЕ СОВЕТСКИЕ УЧЕБНИКИ 1920 1930 Х ГГ.

The article analyzes soviet textbooks on psychology in the 1920 1930s till the Decree «On pedological perversions in the system of the People's Commissariat of Education» of July 4, 1936. The works of K. N. Kornilov, V. A. Artemov, N. A. Bernshtein, L. S. Vygotsky, N. F. Dobrynin, A. R. Luria, P. S. Lyubimov, S. M. Vasileisky, A. A. Gayvorovsky, S. M. Verzhbolovich, A. P. Boltunov and G. E. Shumkov are examined. Their textbooks, practicums, anthologies and manuals are discussed. The main core of educational publications were works written by employees of Moscow state institute of experimental psychology under the guidance of K. N. Kornilov. This was reflected in the theoretical and methodological principles on which the authors stood when developing their textbooks: in many of them the concept of reaction was central, and the interpretation of various mental phenomena was carried out from the standpoint of reactology. The second group of educational works used other psychological approaches common at that time — foreign Gestalt psychology, pre-revolutionary Russian empirical and experimental psychology, Soviet reflexology. However, since the early 1930s and after the reactological discussion in 1931, educational developments within the framework of reactology and other original psychological trends were practically curtailed. The last textbook of the period under study, published by K. N. Kornilov in 1934, became a kind of transition from the period of theoretical and methodological pluralism in Soviet psychology to a homogeneous field of psychological science and education based on Marxism. Consideration of Soviet textbooks on psychology in the 1920 1930s allows analyzing not only the characteristics of psychological education of this period, but also determining their theoretical and methodological foundations, on which the teaching course or educational-methodological publication was built.

The history of the Komsomol organization of the Orel branch of the Moscow State Institute of Culture in the 70s of the XX century: the formation of students’ social activity

The history of the Komsomol organization of the Orel branch of the Moscow State Institute of Culture in the 70s of the XX century: the formation of students’ social activity