Moscow Aviation Institute Research Articles

Variability of teaching foreign language aerospace terminology to future engineers

Introduction. The accelerated development of knowledge-intensive industries in the aerospace industries requires an influx of highly professional engineers capable of international professional communication. However, mastering highly specialized terminology in a foreign language when teaching students at an aerospace higher education institution remains a weak link in the chain today. The purpose of the study is the scientific substantiation, development and implementation of educational and methodological material for teaching a foreign language to future aerospace engineers based on variable approaches. Materials and methods. The study involved 87 first-year students of the technical departments of the Moscow Aviation Institute (the Russian Federation). Methods of source analysis, sequential experiment, student selfassessment, repeated questioning, comparative analysis, statistical methods (Fisher criterion) were used. Results. A set of exercises has been developed and tested to enhance mastery of a foreign language engineering and environmental vocabulary of aerospace specialties. It was found that the basic request of students is to master highly specialized terminology as a tool for increasing competitiveness (92%) with recognition of the effectiveness of a variable approach to studying the vocabulary of a specialty (97%). The maximum level of assessment of the need to study highly specialized vocabulary for research work (100%) and increased interest in the study of environmental issues based on mastering foreign language terminology (92%) were identified. The highest average value was obtained in students' assessment of the importance of using authentic texts of engineering and environmental orientation (52%), as well as in the growth of interest in participating in scientific conferences on aerospace issues in a foreign language (48%). However, the level of development of listening skills in terms of understanding highly specialized terms when watching video materials remains low (46%). The problem of low motivation of students to independently study specialty materials in a foreign language also requires a solution (62%). Despite the proposed variable approaches, only 57% of respondents are ready to diversify traditional individual forms of learning by working in pairs, mini-groups, and only 64% agree to study in the form of panel discussions and business games. The results of statistical processing of the results based on the Fisher angle coefficient showed the feasibility of using a set of exercises to increase students’ involvement in studying international news (φ*emp = 5.415; p < 0.01), to motivate students to analyze foreign language materials on engineering and environmental issues in addition to basic textbook (φ*emp = 7.413; p < 0.01). Conclusion. The proposed educational and methodological materials for variable teaching of aerospace engineering and environmental vocabulary make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the formation of communication skills in professional international communication in terms of young people’s understanding of the harm from the impact of aerospace on the environment and possible ways to reduce risks.

Computational investigations of Ka-226T helicopter coaxial rotor aerodynamics in the vortex ring state

The vortex ring states are observed when the rotor is flowed at positive angles of attack. For the main rotor, these conditions are realized during a steep descent of the helicopter at low speeds. The rotor vortex ring states are affected by significant phenomena related to the behavior of its aerodynamics, including negative phenomena. The latter is, firstly, referred to decrease in rotor thrust, increase in the required power, pulsations of thrust and torque, unsteady flapping blade motion, etc. In terms of helicopter piloting, it means a sharp loss of altitude, increase in the control force, a high level of vibration, defocusing attenuation of rotor spinning cone, as well as controllability deterioration. All these factors determine the relevance of research on these modes and the importance of solving a problem of defining their boundaries. Recently, due to the rapid development of computer technologies and computational models, it has become practical to perform numerical research of the rotor aerodynamics in vortex ring states. The paper presents the study results of Ka-226T helicopter coaxial rotor aerodynamics in steep descent modes in the field of vortex ring states. The angles of rotor attack αВ = 90...30° and the range of vertical descent velocities Vу = 0...26 m/s are considered. The original nonlinear bladed vortex model of the rotor developed at the Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) was used. The total and distributed aerodynamic rotor characteristics were calculated. The shapes of the vortex wake and the rotor flow patterns were analyzed. The boundaries of the vortex ring states in velocity coordinates “Vx − Vу” were constructed according to various criteria reflecting the known features of these states. The results obtained significantly complement the existing experience of experimental and numerical research in this field.

Financial literacy of technical university students: self-assessment of the state and dynamics of its development

Introduction. In the context of the rapid development of digital financial technologies, an increase in banking services and fraudulent schemes, the problem of a low level of financial illiteracy among the population is becoming acute. Proper management of your own finances is useful knowledge that will help you achieve financial well-being and stability. Poor understanding of trends in the global economy and country development plans; response to advertising without critical thinking, recalculation of numbers, inability to see hidden commissions and other negative factors leading to loss of capital, all this is the reason for the formation of financial competence of the younger generation. The purpose of the study is to analyze technical university students’ self-assessment of their financial literacy. Materials and methods. The research material was based on survey data from 230 students of the Stupino branch of the Moscow Aviation Institute (Russian Federation). Statistical differences were assessed using the χ²-Pearson goodness-of-fit test. Results. It was revealed that digitalization and lockdown contributed to increasing the motivation of technical university students to master financial literacy: 99.1% of students use financial services, 76.1% of respondents are aimed at increasing their level of financial literacy and are ready to gain knowledge as part of the course program (54.3%) or through the introduction of a separate subject (36.1%) and only 9.6% of respondents believe that studying personal finance management issues at the university is maximized. The analysis showed that in a comparative analysis of respondents’ answers in 2020 and 2023, statistical differences are significant (χ²obs > χ²cr) for almost all questions of the second module. Thus, the observed value of the Pearson criterion χ²obs = 7.33 exceeds the critical value χ²cr = 3.84 at the significance level α = 0.05 by almost two times for questions about the key rate of the Central Bank. Students are interested in the discount rate, understanding its role in solving financial issues. For the group of issues related to investing in financial markets, statistical differences are also significant (χ²obs = 27.8 при χ²cr = 11.07, α = 0.05). Respondents in 2023 are showing greater interest in trends in the stock, foreign exchange and other markets. There are also significant statistical differences in the group of questions about acquiring knowledge in the field of financial literacy (χ²obs = 22.79, χ²cr = 5.99 at a significance level of α = 0.05). Engineering students surveyed in 2023 are ready to study personal finance management in college. Conclusion. The study showed the feasibility of introducing elective classes on financial literacy at a university, where innovative approaches using quest technologies, master classes, and intellectual and entertaining quizzes can help engineering students overcome gaps in managing their own finances.

Improving qualifications of research and pedagogical workers in leading universities of Russia: case of Moscow Aviation Institute

Improving qualifications of research and pedagogical workers in leading universities of Russia: case of Moscow Aviation Institute

Modernization of higher education. Case of Moscow Aviation Institute

Modernization of higher education. Case of Moscow Aviation Institute

Features of citizenship and patriotism of students of a technical university

Introduction. Patriotic and civic education is a systematic activity of the family, the state, public and educational organizations of the country. In connection with the accelerated formation of socio-economic models, changes in the internal and external situation in Russia, the problem of educating young people as patriots and citizens of the country is relevant. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of civic-patriotic education of students of a technical university. Materials and methods. The material of the study was the data of a survey of more than two hundred students of Stupino branch of the Moscow Aviation Institute (Russian Federation). Results. An analysis of the student survey data showed that most of the respondents know their civic obligations (78%), slightly less (73%) know their rights. At the same time, the vast majority (91%) consider themselves patriots. 90.6% believe that enough patriotic events are held at the technical university. 87.1% would like to be born and live in Russia and 84.7% are proud of the history of our country, 88.6% of respondents do not consider it necessary to change their citizenship. 88.6% of respondents associate the concept of patriotism with love for their homeland. Conclusion. The study revealed the expediency and effectiveness of the humanitarian environment for the education of true patriots of the Fatherland. Innovative approaches using quest technologies, patriotic tourism, volunteer movement, scientific and practical conferences can help overcome gaps in the education of a citizen and patriot of their homeland.

Оценка эффективности применения электронных учебников по математическим дисциплинам методом анкетирования преподавателей и студентов

<p>The article presents the results of a sociological study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the use of learning management systems (LMS) in a mixed form of conducting educational activities in mathematical disciplines with face-to-face seminars and lectures and organizing the independent work of students of technical specialties of the university using the LMS. The research is based on the results of a pedagogical experiment conducted in the spring semester of 2022/2023 on the introduction of an electronic textbook into the educational process at the Moscow Aviation Institute on the course "Theory of the function of a complex variable" using the distance learning system CLASS.NET. The studies are carried out by interviewing students and teachers participating in the pedagogical experiment. The most popular functions of an electronic textbook by teachers and students have been identified.</p>

An exclusive phonological method of teaching a foreign language with a professionally oriented approach

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the reassessment of the goals and objectives of professionally oriented language education at the undergraduate level in the light of UNESCO initiatives. The hypothesis: use of the proposed methodology in the course of teaching English with the indicated approach at a technical university can significantly improve pronunciation. The purpose is to determine the effectiveness of the phonological methodology in teaching a foreign language based on a professionally oriented approach. Methodology: pilot experiment, comparison, observation, description, Wilcoxon's T-test, induction. The experiment in 2019-2020 involved 60 students of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Most relevant results: repeated control testing revealed an increase in the level of foreign language proficiency. The Wilcoxon t-test confirmed the significance of differences in the results: Temp=0< Tcr (n=4; p≤0.01)=1. Practical testing of this study showed that the vocalism technique provides effective opportunities for implementing an individual learning path. Thus, future research suggested by the results will continue to improve the phonology of pronunciation. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that this experiment was conducted for the first time at an aerospace non-linguistic university.

DC and AC Testing of HTS Coils for Magnetoelectric Generator

Application of high temperature superconductors in electrical machines aims to achieve extremely high specific power. Recent research has shown that the maximum specific power could be obtained when both DC and AC windings are superconducting. This parameter is critically important for the implementation of projects such as electric aircraft. In addition, a systematic approach is important when several devices, for example, an electric machine, a cable and an electronic converter are developed together. Such a system is currently being manufactured and tested at Moscow Aviation Institute. The main element is a superconducting electric 90 kW generator, with this particular article being devoted to the coils that make up its winding. <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Nowadays application of high temperature superconducting tapes for DC coils is well-known. Different projects demonstrate successful application of them. In order to successfully use AC HTS coils, it is necessary to characterize them in terms of critical current and losses. Results of DC and AC testing of high temperature superconducting coils are provided in this paper.

Statistical Characteristics of Emission from Stationary Plasma Thrusters Operating with Various Propellants

The procedure of experimental determination of statistical characteristics of own electromagnetic radiation of a laboratory mock-up of an SPT-70 stationary plasma thruster developed by the Research Institute of Applied Mechanics and Electrodynamics of the Moscow Aviation Institute is described. The study investigated the temporal complex implementation of the processes of radiation of the SPT-70 with a sampling duration of 1 ms and an analysis band of 140 MHz for characteristic central frequencies of 0.9, 1.050, 1.200, and 1.350 GHz (discharge power of 600 W, horizontal polarization) when working on various working bodies. The conducted studies allowed to obtain estimates of the statistical characteristics of the SPT-70 radiation for prospective working bodies The new results should be attributed to the fact that the obtained distribution laws for the common-phase and quadrature components of the complex envelope process of radiation differ significantly from the Gaussian one. As for the distribution of the amplitude envelope process, in general, there is a difference from the Rayleigh distribution law. In the transition from xenon to krypton, the degree of negativity and the difference from Rayleigh’s law increase. At the same time, the law of phase distribution of the complex envelope process is close to uniform and invariant to the type of working body.

Propellant Influence on Electromagnetic Environment Generated by Stationary Plasma Thrusters

Possible aspects of violation of the functional safety of spacecraft in terms of electromagnetic compatibility with electric rocket thrusters in their work on alternative working substances are considered. The procedure of experimental determination of spectral–time characteristics of own electromagnetic radiation of laboratory model of stationary plasma thruster SPT-70 developed by the Research Institute of Applied Mechanics and Electrodynamics of the Moscow Aviation Institute is described. Measurements of noise emissions were carried out on a vacuum installation with a “radiotransparent” compartment and a shielded echo-free camera in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz for typical discharge capacities (600, 800, and 1000 W), vertical and horizontal polarization, and various working substances used (krypton and xenon). The conducted studies have allowed obtaining new comparative results of the assessment of spectral characteristics of SPT-70 radiation for standard modes and prospective working bodies within the orthogonal polarization bases. The new results should include information about the radiation characteristics of SPT-70 in the time area. It is shown that the transition from xenon to krypton retains the pulsed nature of the radiation of a stationary plasma thruster, leading not only to an increase in the amplitude of pulses, but also to an increase in the frequency of repetition of “bursts” and an increase in their duration, which requires additional measures to ensure electromagnetic compatibility in order to preserve the functional safety of the spacecraft.

Анализ результатов педагогического эксперимента по внедрению дистанционных образовательных технологий в преподавание математических дисциплин для технических специальностей вузов

&lt;p&gt;The article considers the results of a pedagogical experiment on the implementation of modern distance educational technologies in the teaching of mathematical disciplines to students of technical specialties of higher education. As a basis for the experiment, an electronic textbook on the course "Theory of the function of a complex variable" was used. It was used as part of the distance learning system CLASS.NET to teach this discipline at the Moscow Aviation Institute. The article presents the results of the preliminary statistical analysis of the homogeneity of experimental and control groups of students and the results of their questionnaire in order to identify the motivation for the use of distance learning tools in the educational process. A comparative analysis of the current ratings of students of experimental and control groups, calculated at the time of conducting control measures during the semester, is provided. The effectiveness of using the developed distance learning technology (LMS) in the educational process is confirmed by the results of statistical studies of the final assessments of students obtained during full-time testing.&lt;/p&gt;

Формирование траектории подготовки студентов к профессиональной деятельности в области систем управления летательными аппаратами на междисциплинарной основе с учетом потребностей промышленности

The problem of providing the domestic aerospace industry with qualified personnel in the field of aircraft control systems, who will be able to successfully solve the tasks assigned to them after graduation and integrate into the working environment of enterprises, is considered. It shows the importance of taking into account the current and projected goals and needs of enterprises when forming the trajectory of students’ education, starting with junior courses, taking into account the interdisciplinary approach, as well as the need to control this process and ensure its consistency on the part of the graduating department. The main approaches that are being implemented at the Moscow Aviation Institute for the formation of trajectories of training students, which, after their graduation, employers will be interested in, are shown. The goals and objectives that are set for students in the learning process are indicated. Approaches are considered to ensure the individualization of the trajectories of training students in the field of aircraft control systems, which make it possible to maximize the potential of students, take into account their wishes for choosing a scientific field and the needs of industry. The preferred qualities of the graduate are given, as well as the necessary knowledge and skills that he should possess when applying for a job.

TECHNOLOGY FOR DESIGNING SHEET PRODUCTS OF COMPLEX SHAPE IN THE SOLIDWORKS GEOMETRIC MODELING SYSTEM

The necessity of training in the skills of complex shapes designing at the initial stage of general technical discipline “Engineering and Computer Graphics” is justified. It should be noted that technical design is also closely related to the modeling process, including the use of these principles to determine the relationship with the rest of the products included in the structure of the unit, which is widely used in educational research works (SIRS) in senior courses. The material was tested while teaching the discipline “Engineering Graphics” at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), including the section “Technical Drawing”.

Increasing the competitiveness of future economists for work in industry 4.0

Introduction. Currently, in the context of the development of digitalization and information technology, the business environment is changing. This must be taken into account when preparing economics students so that students have a high level of professional competence and possess the knowledge and skills necessary to work in Industry 4.0. Given the rapid development of ICT in the field of economics and education, it is essential to prioritize the development of students' ability to navigate information flows and use modern data processing methods and programming skills.. The aim of the study is to develop recommendations aimed at creating organizational and pedagogical conditions for the increasing the competitiveness of future economists for working in industry 4.0. Materials and methods. The 285 students took part in the survey – future economists studying in the specialty "Accounting and taxation" of 5 universities (Chechen State University named after Akhmat Abdulkhamidovich Kadyrov, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow Aviation Institute, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics). To assess the significance of differences in indicators in samples of 1st and 3rd year students, a nonparametric Pearson's chi-squared test was used. Results. The results obtained showed that when characterizing a competitive specialist, 1st year students in economics give priority to theoretical and methodological knowledge and knowledge of a foreign language, while 3rd year students attribute a competitive specialist and high knowledge of modern ICT to the priority characteristics of a competitive specialist. The results of Pearson's chi-squared test confirmed the statistical significance of differences in such characteristics as foreign language proficiency (χ2 = 58.7), theoretical and methodological knowledge proficiency (χ2 = 46.8), modern ICT proficiency at a high level (χ2 = 52.5) when comparing the answers of 1st and 3rd year students who are in the zone of significance, exceeding the critical value (p &lt; 0.001). A survey of students on the factors contributing to an increase in the level of training of competitive specialists for work in Industry 4.0 showed that, compared with first-year students, third-year students are more interested in the introduction of special additional disciplines, electives in the information and professional areas. The calculation results of Pearson's chi-squared test confirmed the statistical significance of differences in students' assessment of such factors that contribute to an increase in the level of their IC, such as an increase in classroom hours for computer science disciplines (χ2 = 41.9), the introduction of special additional disciplines, electives in the information and professional areas (χ2 = 61 ,3) when comparing the answers of 1st and 3rd year students.. Conclusions. The data identified in the study make it possible to formulate recommendations aimed at creating organizational and pedagogical conditions for increasing the competitiveness of future economists. First of all, it is necessary to organize a sufficient level of technical support for teachers and students, as well as to attract competent teachers who are fluent in basic applications and professional software. Keywords: information culture, software, MySQL, Python, education

The study of the formation of the ecological imperative among students of higher educational institutions

Relevance. Education is a key factor in shaping society's readiness to respond to the challenges of the modern world. Among the global factors that will determine the trends of world development in the near future, the greening of all aspects of human life plays an important role. The aggravation of environmental problems poses a question to the education system about the compliance of the level of environmental education with the needs of society and the education system. The purpose of the work is to assess the level of formation of ecological culture and ecological imperative of students based on the analysis of research data and compare it with the tasks facing modern society. Methodology. To assess the level of ecological knowledge, the formation of ecological culture and ecological imperative, the author's questionnaire was used, aimed at identifying the features of individual consciousness concerning the awareness of the relationship between man, society and nature. The study was conducted in two stages, using Google Forms and focus group methods. The study involved 215 students of technical areas of all bachelor's and specialty courses of the Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI). Results and discussion. The analysis of the results of the study showed an insufficient level of formation of ecological culture and ecological imperative of students. The majority of students – 71% – have an approximate idea of the goals and objectives of modern ecology, and only 14% of respondents demonstrated a good knowledge of the conceptual apparatus. The respondents' low level of knowledge was noted in the field of legal ecology. At the same time, 79.6% are interested in environmental problems and their solution by searching for additional information from various sources. 93% of respondents consider the discipline "Ecology" necessary. The results of the study confirm the importance of environmental education for solving the problems of sustainable development. Conclusion. Trends in the development of society require the introduction of a new paradigm of education that ensures the formation of a person with a humanistic and ecological worldview, the basis of which can be the discipline "Ecology". However, at this stage there is a contradiction between the need and the process of obtaining environmental knowledge in the modern education system. It is necessary to strengthen the environmental component, primarily at the level of higher professional education. The results of the study have theoretical and practical significance in the development of educational and methodological complexes on ecology and programs aimed at the formation of new environmentally valuable worldview attitudes and behavioral skills of high school students.

The attitude of students of a technical university to foreign languages in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods of study

Introduction. The study of the problem of teaching students of technical universities a foreign language before and during the pandemic is relevant due to the fact that higher education is looking for ways to improve the process of education for young people, in particular, to consider the problem of teaching foreign languages in a non-linguistic university. The purpose of the study is to analyze the behavioral strategies of students of a regional university in the prepandemic and pandemic periods, focused on the formation of competencies and ensuring the achievement of the planned results of mastering the educational program when studying the discipline Foreign Language at a technical university. Materials and methods. The research material was the data of an anonymous sociological survey of 100 students of the Stupino branch of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Research methods: search, descriptive, comparative, method of analysis based on a sociological survey, method of graphical presentation of data, Pearson's chi-square statistical method, as well as the method of systematization and generalization. Results. A comparative analysis of the results of teaching a foreign language to students of technical universities before and during the pandemic showed that the pandemic and, against its background, the accelerated development of digitalization, as well as the introduction of online platforms to ensure continuous higher education for students of Russian universities, in general, contributed to an increase in motivation to learn a foreign language and had a significant impact on a number of studied indicators related to the level of language proficiency and the structure of the educational process. Statistical differences were assessed using Pearson's χ² goodness-of-fit test at a significance level of α=0.05, taking into account the number of degrees of freedom k. For individual indicators, a significant excess of the critical values of χ² was found, which indicates statistically significant differences between the studied indicators in the pandemic period of education from the indicators of the base period. Conclusion. Nowadays, learning a foreign language plays an important role in obtaining a prestigious job for graduates of technical universities, so the lockdown period was a serious test for both students and university teachers. However, innovative solutions using technology can help overcome gaps in foreign language education for engineering students

Вовлечение студентов, обучающихся по направлению «Реклама и связи с общественностью», в научно-исследовательскую деятельность

The aim of the study is to substantiate the need to involve students in academic research work, participation in scientific conferences of various levels. The authors conducted a study “Participation of students majoring in Advertising and Public Relations in academic research work” on the basis of the Moscow Aviation Institute in order to understand what needs to be changed in the educational process, what forms of organization of research activities can and should be used so that students are in demand in the labor market and join scientific work. The study is novel in that it determines the main reasons for the motivation and demotivation of participation of students majoring in Advertising and Public Relations in scientific work. As a result, the methodological recommendations developed during the study, which will help university teachers to involve students in academic research work and can be used in the educational process, have been presented.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING AND ECONOMIC EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: EXPERIENCE OF MOSCOW AVIATION INSTITUTE

The article analyzes the experience and practices of Moscow Aviation Institute in the field of engineering and economic education development and training of professionals to work in the context of new technological reality. The author substantiates the growing demand for engineering and economic education as a consequence of the increasing influence of digital technologies on the professional activity of modern economists. On the example of specific educational programs the practical experience of MAI in adapting engineering-economic education to the new tasks that arise in the Russian industry in the context of Industry 4.0 is considered. The research activities of MAI scientists in the study and design of cluster structures are analyzed, the results of which allowed laying the foundation of a scientific school in the field of creating new types of clusters.

Developing communicative competence in technical university students by overcoming the language barrier

The article deals with the development of communicative competence in technical university students by overcoming the language barrier when studying a foreign language. The relevance of the issue under investigation is determined by the need to resolve the contradiction between the requirements of the modern society for the training of future specialists who can perform communicative actions in the situations of professional foreign-language communication and the existing system of foreign language training at universities where the language barrier factor would be considered in foreign language teaching. The author examines the notion of "language barrier" and analyze the main problems associated with the term. Diagnostics should be aimed at assessing not only linguistic material used in teaching and lesson structure but also the psychological component of the interaction within the system "teacher – student – group". The language barrier during learning and using a foreign language as a communication means is the main obstacle to efficient communication. The author analyzes the consequences that students face when the language barrier emerges, including emotional breakdowns and insecurity, reduced academic performance, hindered motivation for language learning, development of the incorrect interpretation of the interlocutor's behavior, etc. It is noted that the lack of communicative practice in the English language is one of the main causes of the language barrier. The article features the results of the study of language barriers in foreign language learning held by the students of the Aerospace Faculty and the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). The provided results make it possible to produce key recommendations on overcoming the language barrier in students.