Features Of Morphological Structure Research Articles

Hamstrings on Morphological Structure Characteristics, Stress Features, and Risk of Injuries: A Narrative Review

Hamstring injury has been considered one of the most common exercise-induced injuries in sports. Hamstring injuries mostly occur proximal to the biceps femoris. However, the reasons and mechanisms remain unclear. To summarize hamstring morphological structure features and what the relationship is between their structure and risk of injury from the current literature, this review discussed the possible injury mechanism of hamstrings, from the morphological and connected pattern diversity, the mechanical properties, and the stress–strain performance, to probable changes in action control. Morphological and connected pattern diversity of hamstrings components show heterogeneous loads under muscle tension. Connections of gradient compliance between different tissues may lead to materials’ susceptibility to detachments near the tendon–bone junction sites under heterogeneous load conditions. The hamstrings muscle’s motor function insufficiency also brings the risk of injury when it performs multi-functional movements during exercise due to the span of multiple joints’ anatomical characteristics. These structural features may be the primary reason why most damage occurs near these sites. The role of these biomechanical characteristics should be appreciated by exercise specialists to effectively prevent hamstring injuries. Future work in this research should be aimed at exploring the most effective prevention programs based on the material structure and motor control to enhance the properties of hamstring muscle materials to minimize the risk of injury.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF PLACENTA AND PLACENTAL FACTOR IN WOMEN WITH ISOLATED CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS IN NEWBORN

Introduction. Congenital heart defects (CHD) in fetus can affect the course of pregnancy, cause changes in the functioning of the pregnant woman's systems and metabolic and hemodynamic disorders. The relevance of the problems CHD is primarily due to their high frequency in newborns (5-9 per 1,000 live births) depending on geographical differences and the significant share among multiple congenital malformations and the need for surgical treatment in the neonatal period. Placenta, as one of the least studied human organs, plays not only a crucial role in the process of organogenesis, but also in the "programming" of human health after fetal and newborn periods. For today, it’s important to determine the association between the CHD and placental abnormalities, the nature and consequences of which need further study.Objective. To study morphological and immunohistochemical features of placental structures in parturients with isolated congenital heart defects in the newborn.Material and methods. Over the period 2020-2021, 90 pregnant women aged 17 to 39 years (mean age 28.36±5.08) who gave birth at 37-41 weeks, and their placents, of which 30 had different forms of CHD in the newborn, were examined on a hospital-based sample. Patients were divided into two groups: the study - women with CHD in the newborn, and control - somatically healthy motherswith healthy children. Given the different etiologies of cardiovascular defects in fetus, as well as the presence of different risk factorsfor their occurrence, in order to minimize their impact on the emergence of isolated CHD, considered appropriate selection criteria for pregnant women with non-syndromic forms of cardiovascular defects, as the presence of genetic syndrome can affect intrauterine fetaldevelopment, which makes it impossible to determine a single effect of CHD development. The selection criteria in this study included:somatically healthy woman, unburdened pregnancy, natural insemination (without using of reproductive technologies), the presence of isolated heart disease in the fetus, confirmed by a cardiologist using echocardiography. Organometric, macroscopic, general histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to study placental morphology and placental factors.Results. Analyzing the data on the morphological features of placentas from women with CHD in the newborn, we should note the presence of circulatory disorders in 60% of cases, namely multiple infarcts, complete or partial obliteration of arteries and arterioles with perivascular fibrosis (in the stem villi – 15%, intermediate – 10%, terminal - 10%), reduced number of fetal vessels in the terminal villiand syncytiocapillary membranes, abrupt vasodilation of intermediate villi. Complete or partial replacement of villous epithelium by fibrinoid masses in 20% was also detected. Immunohistochemical study of placental growth factor showed less pronounced expression in syncytia, decidual sheath and stromal cells (1-2 points) compared with control (2-3 points).Conclusions. The revealed morphological and immunohistochemical changes in the placental barrier at different levels refer to the damage of maternal and fetal placenta structures of parturients with isolated neonatal heart disease, which lead to impaired stromalvascular processes with reduced perfusion. This confirms the world data on the presence of placental-cardiac axis and can be a predictor of CHD at the early stages of placental structure study, as well as in further prediction of the child's health.

Quantification methodologies on organization and morphology features of fiber-like structures: A review

Among all the structural formations, fiber-like structure is one of the most common modalities in organisms that undertake essential functions. Alterations in spatial organization of fibrous structures can reflect information of physiological and pathological activities, which is of significance in both researches and clinical applications. Hence, the quantification of subtle changes in fiber-like structures is potentially meaningful in studying structure-function relationships, disease progression, carcinoma staging and engineered tissue remodeling. In this study, we examined a wide range of methodologies that quantify organizational and morphological features of fibrous structures, including orientation, alignment, waviness and thickness. Each method was demonstrated with specific applications. Finally, perspectives of future quantification analysis techniques were explored.

On the Classification of Ancient Greek Toponyms (based on the Material of Ancient Toponyms of the Cilician Plain)

The article is devoted to the methods of classification of ancient toponyms from the point of view of their external and internal structure. The first paragraph of the article gives a brief outline of the history of the issue. Despite the generally large number of works devoted to individual problems of ancient Greek toponymy or individual toponyms, only a few works in both domestic and foreign scientific historiography are devoted to the study of ancient Greek toponymy as a system from a philological point of view. The object of research in this article is the problems of creating a common word-formation-semantic classification of ancient Greek geographical names as a whole. The subject of the study is the ancient toponyms of the Cilician plain (Greek. Κιλικία πεδιάς) – low plains in the south of modern Turkey. Among the toponyms of Plain Cilicia, geographical names of ancient Greek and Latin origin (24 ancient Greek and 5 Latin names) were selected and analyzed for morphological structure and semantic features. Special attention is paid to the problems of etymologization of toponyms and the indication of centuries of fixation. The classification of ancient Greek toponyms, proposed in a 1965 article by the Swiss Hellenist Ernst Risch, is taken as a basis. The results of the study are presented in a table reflecting the four main word-formation types of ancient Greek toponyms in diachrony.

Removal of Hg2+ in wastewater by grafting nitrogen/sulfur-containing molecule onto Uio-66-NH2: from synthesis to adsorption studies.

The remediation of heavy metal deserves to be on the agenda, with the adsorbent design bearing the brunt of it. In this study, the molecule (4, 6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, DMP)containing thiol (-SH) and amino (-NH2) functional groups was grafted onto Uio-66-NH2, and a composite metal-organic framework nanomaterial (Zr(NH2)-DMP) was synthesized via a facile post-modification scheme. The morphological characteristics and structural features of the modified adsorbent were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, BET, and XPS. The characterization results verified that the post-modification scheme was successfully achieved. The adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the removal performance of the Zr(NH2)-DMP towards Hg2+ under different influencing parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity of 389.4mg/g was obtained, and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 30min at pH 6 at room temperature. Adsorption thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The Zr(NH2)-DMP exhibited excellent selectivity for Hg2+, and also has the potential to remove Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ ions. The introduction of Cl- inhibited the removal of Hg2+ due to the formation of mercuric chlorides (removal efficiency reduced from 97.8 to 95.6%). The removal efficiency of up to 86.7% was obtained after four cycles. The Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second kinetic were more suitable for fitting the adsorption process of Hg2+ by Zr(NH2)-DMP. The main removal mechanism could be attributed to the chelation between Hg2+ (soft acid) and nitrogen/sulfur (soft base) elements. These findings convinced that the successful synthesis of Zr(NH2)-DMP provides an option for Hg2+ removal from wastewater.

Designing of amino silica covalently functionalized carboxylic multi-wall carbon nanotubes-based polyethersulfone membranes for enhancing oily wastewater treatment

The accumulation of oily wastewater is a critical issue that can cause environmental pollution. Membrane technology can play a vital role in the treatment of oily wastewater due to its productivity and economical cost. In this work, the amino silica covalently functionalized carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) nanohybrid was synthesized and blended with polyethersulfone (PES) membranes for oil/water separation to enhance the antifouling property. Membranes were fabricated with various loadings of SiO2-f-MWCNTs nanohybrid (0–2 wt%) using phase inversion technique. The incorporation of nanohybrid resulted in the enhancement of wettability and pore size distribution of nanocomposite membranes. The morphological structure, surface and chemical features of the synthesized membranes were examined using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle and X-ray diffraction analyses. Furthermore, the impact of nanohybrid blending with PES membrane on water permeability and oil rejection was investigated. The water permeability enhanced from 188 ± 8 L/m2.h.bar, for the pristine PES membrane, to 293 ± 9 L/m2.h.bar for nanocomposite membrane blended with 2 % SiO2-f-MWCNTs nanohybrid. Similarly, the oil rejection was improved up to 97 ± 0.1 % using the same nanohybrid loading. The results revealed that using 2 % nanohybrid loading has increased the humic acid (HA) flux by 16 %, while the irreversible HA fouling was significantly reduced to 0.9 % compared to 9.9 % for the pristine PES.

Centrifugally spun alginate-poly(lactic acid) microbeads: A promising carrier for drug delivery and tissue engineering

A facile and high yield centrifugal spinning technique known as Forcespinning® (FS) was used to develop unique microstructures consisting of PLA microbeads along alginate fibers. Morphological variation and structural features appeared in the field-emission scanning electron micrographs for the PLA-alginate composites and dried PLA-alginate films from precursor emulsions at constant PLA and varied alginate contents. Shrunk and deflated microbeads were observed for composites whilst spherical beads were evident for the PLA control. Furthermore, PLA was found surrounding the alginate when the alginate was present at 0.24 wt% or lower, while alginate (mushroom-like structures), were seen protruding through the PLA layer at ≥0.34 wt% alginate. Rheological characterization of the composite emulsions revealed that the filler (alginate) provided shear thinning properties including pseudoplasticity, desirable for printing and other related applications in contrast to the Newtonian flow shown by the PLA control. Along with infra-red spectroscopy, the nanocomposites were further characterized using thermal gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry featuring reversible events influenced by heat capacity and irreversible kinetic/thermodynamic counterparts. The work provides a comprehensive investigation of biocompatible networks of PLA-alginate microbeads embedded in nano-sized fibers and the prospective application of these microbeads as a drug delivery system.

MICROSTRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION, QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE MICROELEMENTAL RESTRUCTURING OF ENAMEL IN A WEDGE-SHAPED TOOTH DEFECT OF CLASSES I AND II

Background. Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of wedge-shaped defects has increased by 14%, and in some countries of the world it reaches critical values ​​- 82%. At the same time, the treatment of this pathology is carried out at the later stages of its development with excision of the hard tissues of the tooth and subsequent restoration, without taking into account the initial macro- and microstructural changes in the enamel. The purpose of our study was an experimental in vitro study of anatomical and morphological features of the tooth enamel structure, its qualitative and quantitative composition in the initial forms of a wedge-shaped defect. Materials. As the material for our study we used intact teeth removed for orthodontic indications and with initial forms of a wedge-shaped defect of classes 1 and 2 according to the classification of Shevelyuk Yu.V., Makeeva I.M. (2011), subsequently 63 sections were made out of these teeth. Methods: clinical, experimental, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis, statistical, analytical. Results. Structural transformations of enamel were revealed in the initial forms of the wedge-shaped defect, the boundaries of the lesion were determined, and morphological changes were established in the tissues adjacent to the lesion involved in the pathological process against the background of quantitative and qualitative indicators of its chemical composition. Conclusion. a comparative analysis of the enamel microstructure in normal and wedge-shaped defects confirms the heterogeneity of the lesion and the transformation of the chemical, quantitative and qualitative composition of the enamel.

Research on Thermal Comfort of Underside of Street Tree Based on LiDAR Point Cloud Model

As a major part of the urban green space system, street trees play a corresponding role in adjusting the thermal comfort of the environment and alleviating heat island effects. The correlation between the morphological structure and microclimate factors in the lower canopy of street trees was studied, using data that were captured with vehicle-borne LiDAR to model the morphological structure and geometric canopy features of six key street tree species in the built-up area of Zhumadian City, Henan Province. The regulating ability and differences of canopy geometry on cooling, humidification, shading, and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) were studied. Research shows that: (1) Canopy Volume (CV), Canopy Area (CA), Canopy Diameter (CD), and Tree Height (TH) have a linear negative correlation with air temperature, relative humidity, and luminosity. TH had significant effects on the air temperature and relative humidity (R2 = 0.90, 0.96), and CV and CD had significant effects on luminosity (R2 = 0.70, 0.63). (2) The oval-shaped plant (Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willdenow) had a strong cooling and shading ability, with an average daily cooling of 2.3 °C and shading of 318 cd/m2. The spire-shaped plant (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) had a strong ability to humidify, with an average daily humidification of 4.5%. (3) The oval-shaped and spire-shaped plants had a strong regulation ability on PET, and the daily average regulation values were 40.5 °C and 40.9 °C, respectively. (4) The CD of the oval-shaped plant had a significant effect on PET (R2 = 0.49), and the TH of the spire-shaped plant had a significant effect on PET (R2 = 0.80), as well as a significantly higher CV and Leaf Area Index (LAI) than other street tree species. Therefore, selecting oval and spire canopy-shaped plants with a thick canopy, dense leaves, and high CD and TH values as street trees can provide significant advantages in cooling, humidifying, and shading, and can effectively adjust human comfort in the lower canopy understory. This study is the first to apply LiDAR technology to the regulation of urban microclimate. The research results provide a theoretical basis and quantitative reference for street tree design from the perspective of outdoor thermal comfort evaluation and play a guiding role in the application of LiDAR to urban forestry research.

A statistical shape model of soleus muscle morphology in spastic cerebral palsy

This study investigated morphological characteristics of the soleus muscle in cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing (TD) cohorts using a statistical shape model and differentiated dominant features between the two cohorts. We generated shape models of CP and TD cohorts to characterize dominant features within each. We then generated a combined shape model of both CP and TD to assess deviations of the cohorts’ soleuses from a common mean shape, and statistically analysed differences between the cohorts. The shape models revealed similar principal components (PCs) with different variance between groups. The CP shape model yielded a distinct feature (superior–inferior shift of the broad central region) accounting for 8.1% of the model’s cumulative variance. The combined shape model presented two PCs where differences arose between CP and TD cohorts: size and aspect ratio of length–width–thickness. The distinct appearance characteristic in the CP model—described above—may implicate impaired muscle function in children with CP. Overall, children with CP had smaller muscles that also tended to be long, thin, and narrow. Shape modelling captures dominant morphological features of structures, which was used here to quantitatively describe CP muscles and further probe our understanding of the disease’s impact on the muscular system.

Aspectuality and Variability of Verbal Phraseological Units in Russian Language and Speech

The article deals with the problems of classification of verb phraseological units and their variants in the Russian language. Formalized criteria for the differentiation of phraseological variants depending on their syntactic and derivational structure are presented on the example of Russian verbal phraseological units. The criteria are based on the grammatical features of verbs, which are the core component of phraseological units, such as aspect and phase, taking into account the theoretical provisions of modern Slavic aspectology on the correlation and derivation of verbs. The work was done at the intersection of phraseology and aspectology, its results have both theoretical and practical significance, in particular, for clarifying the lexicographic description of Russian verbal phraseological units. More than 4,000 verbal phraseological units and more than 10,000 actual contexts in which these phraseological units and their variants are used served as the material for the analysis. The authors proposed criteria for distinguishing phraseological variants (grammatical, lexico-grammatical and lexical) and phraseological synonyms based on the morphological features of verbs (the semantics of aspect and phase), lexical composition and syntactic structure of phraseological units. The phase valence and “creative potential” of verbal phraseological units are shown, which serves as a potential source of replenishment of the phraseological fund of the Russian language.

CORPUS OF RUSSIAN DIALECTS OF UDMURTIA AS A TOOL FOR STUDYING PHONETIC AND GRAMMAR DIALECT FEATURES

The possibilities of using materials and interrogative forms of the corpus of Russian dialects of Udmurtia in the study of phonetic and grammatical features of the dialect language of this territory are considered. Initially, the corpus was created for the study of dialect vocabulary, semantics and word formation, the markup is associated with the Program of the Lexical Atlas of Russian Folk Dialects. However, the availability of corpus texts, as well as the ability to search not only individual words, but also their elements, make it possible to obtain information about the specific features of vocalism, consonantism, morphological and syntactic structure of Russian dialects of Udmurtia. With the help of the corpus, linguistic data were obtained and analyzed on the spread of okanya, reflexes of the ancient ѣ , on the loss of intervocalic j, the tendency to unify verbal paradigms, the coincidence of the endings of the dative and instrumental cases of plural nouns, on the use of prepositions when specifying an object in constructions with the meaning of purpose, direction, distribution of constructions with the nominative case of nouns in the words “no”, “many”. As a result of the study of the data obtained, conclusions were drawn about the inconsistency in the manifestation of the features of the Northern Russian dialect, which traditionally includes the Russian dialects of Udmurtia, about their heterogeneity and the need for a more detailed study. In the course of the work, the expediency of using the material and interrogative forms of the corpus of Russian dialects of Udmurtia for phonetic and grammatical studies was confirmed.

Особливості формування неоднорідних структур у вуглецевих сталях

Obtaining a homogeneous structure and uniform-phase distribution is critical to a high set of mechanical and operational properties of rolled metal. However, in practice it is not always possible to create metal products with the specified characteristics. In order to determine the morphological features of the structure of rolled carbon steel, a comparative study of carbon steel samples with a carbon content of 0.49 % C and 0.2 % C selected from hot-rolled billets was carried out. The billets of each group were produced under the conditions of the same enterprise, with close temperature-time modes of deformation processing. The main difference was in manufacturing processes of the output continuous cast steel billets. This research shows that with identical normalized chemical composition of steel and the same thermomechanical treatment, the formation of the morphological structure features of hot-rolled steel occurs in a different way. Therefore, we can assume that the liquation, the diffusive mobility of elements is particularly influenced by the content of impurity elements and gases in steel, which leads to a different type of structures in the finished rolled metal. At the same time, these differences are observed in carbon steels with different carbon content. A sample of non-vacuumed OC grade axle steel (0.49 % C) from converter steelmaking has a more homogeneous structure without local areas of pearlite or ferrite accumulation. It was shown that the formation of ferrite rim in the microsegregation areas occurs not only in manganous sulfides, but also arises on the background of the smallest oxide inclusions. There is significant structural heterogeneity in the samples of electric steel, despite the lower sulfur content and gassiness of steel; at the same time, a dense perlite layer is formed around the sulfides. There is also a difference in steel grade 20 (0.2 % C) of different manufacturing processes. The structure is more homogeneous in qualitatively deoxidized vacuum degassed steel; no local areas with different dimensional characteristics were detected. The size of the structural elements is much larger and the structure has mostly large sections of the Widmanstatten ferrite. Since a large number of non-metallic inclusions and gassiness of steel is not a positive factor for providing a high set of properties of metal products, the modes of thermomechanical treatment used today require adjustments depending on the characteristics of steel melting. Keywords: microstructural heterogeneity, ferritic-pearlitic banding, mechanical properties, manganous sulfides.

Settlement Complexes of the Paleometall Era and the Middle Ages in the Upper Reaches of the Kulunigyi River (Basin of the Bolshoi Yugan River, KhMAO – Yugra)

Purpose. There are many secluded corners in the northern part of Western Siberia. The routes of modern explorers are determined by economic development projects and do not always cover remote areas. Archaeological exploration in the upper reaches of the Kulunigyi River made it possible to discover archaeological materials and objects – fragments of ceramic vessels on the territory of two settlement complexes. These materials made it possible to characterize the settlement complexes in terms of their cultural and chronological affiliation. This article is devoted to solving this problem.Results. This article publishes archaeological materials originating from poorly explored territories. The analysis of materials is carried out by comparison using the analogy method. As a result, links with archaeological complexes located on the Barsova Gora near the city of Surgut are determined. These connections point to the time of the formation and development of the settlement complexes to which this article is devoted. Analysis of the location of archaeological materials on the territory of the studied settlement complexes made it possible to determine the morphological features of ruined structures that were erected at different stages of the development of this territory.Conclusion. At present, the object complexes from the Barsova Gora occupy a central place in the material culture of the ancient societies of the Middle Ob region. Because the Barsova Gora stow is the cultural and geographical center of this ancient oecumene. The materials published in this article reflect the forms of the same cultural phenomena, but on the periphery of the habitat of its carriers. This conclusion is very important for understanding the variability of ancient cultures in the vast area of the Middle Ob region. At the same time, we determine the main morphological characteristics of the settlement complexes that arose in the study area during the Eneolithic, Early Iron Age, and the Middle Ages. This information will be very useful when conducting archaeological exploration in the future.

Comparative analysis of three kinds of extraction kinetic models of crude polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and evaluate the characteristics of crude polysaccharides.

In this study, the second-order model, Fick’s second law of diffusion, and the Peleg model were used to evaluate the extraction kinetic model of polysaccharide (CPP) from Codonopsis pilosula. The characteristic functional groups, surface structure, and physical and chemical properties of CPP were analyzed by multi-spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The results showed that the extraction process agreed well with the second-order model, Fick’s second diffusion law, and Peleg model. Rheological tests showed that CPP exhibited different viscosity changes under different conditions (Solution viscosity was inversely proportional to temperature, time, etc.; proportional to polysaccharide concentration, Na+ content, etc.). CPP was composed of molecular aggregates composed of small particles, with more pore structure and basically completely decomposed at 130 °C. The hypoglycemic study showed that CPP had a strong inhibitory effect on α-glycosidase than α-amylase. The morphology and subsequent structural features, anti-diabetic potential, and rheological properties of CPP were revealed to provide a theoretical basis for the development of pharmaceutical preparations or health food and functional food for the treatment of diabetes.Graphic Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-02518-w.

Research on the Histological Features and Pathological Types of Gastric Adenocarcinoma With Mucinous Differentiation.

ObjectiveTo discuss the histological features, pathological types, and prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma with mucinous differentiation.MethodsSpecimens of 189 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma with mucinous differentiation were collected for detailed histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and follow-up.ResultsIn accordance with the morphological and histological structural features of the cancer cells as well as the area ratio of the mucus, gastric adenocarcinoma with mucinous differentiation was divided into four types, namely pure mucinous carcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma, signet ring cell type mucinous carcinoma, and mixed cell type mucinous carcinoma. Based on the macroscopic types according to Bormann's classification, pure mucinous carcinoma was mostly Type I, intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma was mostly Type II, signet ring cell type mucinous carcinoma was mostly Type IV, and mixed cell type mucinous carcinoma was mostly Type III. The 5-year survival rate was 69.2, 64.2, 0, and 31.5%, respectively. There was a statistical difference in the lymph node metastasis rate and survival rate of the four carcinoma types. The invasion features of pure mucinous carcinoma entailed penetrating corrosively in a push-in form, without blood vessel or lymphatic metastasis and with few lymphocytes and lymphatic nodules in the marginal area. Thus, there was little lymph node metastasis and invasion of nerves. The HER2 protein expression rate was 40.2% (76/189), the HER2 gene amplification detected by FISH technology was 16.9% (32/189).ConclusionThe independent histological type, four subtypes, and histopathological classification of gastric mucinous adenocarcinoma are important for the prognosis evaluation and precise treatment of this disease.

Nanoporous Layers and the Peculiarities of Their Local Formation on a Silicon Wafer

This review presents the results of the local formation of nanostructured porous silicon (NPSi) on the surface of silicon wafers by anodic etching using a durite intermediate ring. The morphological and crystallographic features of NPSi structures formed on n- and p-type silicon with low and relatively high resistivity have also been investigated. The proposed scheme allows one to experiment with biological objects (for example, stem cells, neurons, and other objects) in a locally formed porous structure located in close proximity to the electronic periphery of sensor devices on a silicon wafer.

Quadrilateral plate fractures of the acetabulum: Classification, approach, implant therapy and related research progress.

The quadrilateral plate (QP) is an essential structure of the inner wall of the acetabulum, an important weight-bearing joint of the human body, which is often involved in acetabular fractures. The operative exposure, reduction and fixation of QP fractures have always been the difficulties in orthopedics due to the special morphological structure and anatomical features of the QP. Fortunately, there have been many effective methods and instruments developed for QP exposure, reduction and fixation by virtue of the combined efforts of numerous orthopedists. At the same time, each method presents with its own advantages and disadvantages, resulting in different prognoses. It is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the anatomy, radiology and fixation techniques of the QP in terms of patient prognosis optimization. In this paper, the anatomical features, definition and classification of QP, operative approach selection, implant internal fixation methods and efficacy were reviewed.

Influence of morphological and functional features of the chest wall muscles structure on the biomechanics of the chest in chicken and Italian goose

Influence of morphological and functional features of the chest wall muscles structure on the biomechanics of the chest in chicken and Italian goose

Morphological characterization and distribution of antennal sensilla of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using scanning electron microscopy.

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious polyphagous pest of various field and horticultural crops. A complete knowledge on the morphological features of antennal sensory structures is essential for efficient semiochemical-based control methods. The external structure and distribution of antennal sensilla in male and female adults of H. armigera were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Eight distinct morphological types of sensilla were identified in both sexes: sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica (multiporous), sensilla chaetica (uniporous), sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia, and Böhm sensilla (aporous) in varying numbers and distribution along the length of the antennae. Of these sensilla, the most widespread are sensilla trichodea and sensilla basiconica on the antennae of both sexes. Female antennae have comparatively greater number of sensilla trichodea than male antennae. Among eight types of sensilla, sensilla basiconica, auricillica, styloconica type II, squamiformia, and Böhm sensilla were identified and reported for the first time in H. armigera. Sexual dimorphism in H. armigera was mainly detected as the variations in sensilla shape, numbers, and distribution of each type of sensilla. The sexual difference was observed in the numbers of sensilla coeloconica, chaetica, styloconica, and squamiformia per flagellomere. The possible functions of these sensilla were discussed in view of previously reported lepidopteran insects. The findings provide fundamental information on the morphology and distribution of antennal sensory structures in H. armigera. It would be useful for further detailed studies on physiological and behavioral function of each sensillum type and helpful for formulating related pest control methods.