Morphological Configuration Research Articles

Modified notching classification in inverted-bearing and conventional-bearing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Scapular notching is a common complication of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Although the notching rate has reduced significantly thanks to modifications to the surgical technique and humeral and glenoid components, uncontrollable polyethylene (PE)-induced osteolysis can still occur. In contrast to conventional-bearing (CB-RTSA), inverted-bearing RTSA (IB-RTSA) systems, with PE glenospheres and metal or ceramic humeral liners, avoid PE abrasion through scapulohumeral contact. If present, the resulting notch has a different size and configuration than with CB-RTSA. Thus, a modified notching classification seems reasonable. Even in CB-RTSA, the early stages of notching show a different configuration than implied by the established Nerot-Sirveaux classification; therefore, a modification of the classification system is recommended. In a prospective multicentre study, 250 cases underwent IB-RTSA. Of these, 39 died, and 28 were lost to follow-up for other reasons, leaving 183 shoulders for the final follow-up examination at a mean of 120.7months (range 84.1-172.4months). In the CB-RTSA group, we retrospectively evaluated radiographs of 59 consecutive patients with a follow-up ranging from 2 to 7years. We analysed the appearance, evolution over time, and location of bone loss on the scapular neck according to the modified Nerot-Sirveaux classification. In IB-RTSA, notching resulted in a new morphological configuration: In contrast to the Nerot-Sirveaux classification, notching began far from the baseplate as an impression or abrasion of the humeral component in the inferior scapular rim. Due to simultaneous mechanical ablation, the defect gradually enlarged, but usually did not contact the baseplate or extend beyond the inferior peg. No signs of PE-induced osteolysis were found. The notching rate reached 19% after 2years and approached 36% after 10years. Most shoulders had grade 0 notching (64%), followed by grade 1 (29%); extensive erosion (grade 4) was not observed. In the CB-RTSA group, a small bony impression or erosion without signs of PE-induced osteolysis was observed medial to the scapular neck, without contact with the metaglene in the early phase, which was similar to the impression of the humeral component in IB-RTSA. The notching rate was 86% for CB-RTSA. A new classification was developed for IB-RTSA, which corresponds to the pathophysiological processes and is compatible with the existing Nerot-Sirveaux classification. Bone erosion in CB-RTSA is not adequately represented by the established classification in the early stages. For this reason, a supplement to the existing classification is presented. Level 4, Case Series, Treatment Study.

How do morphological characteristics affect tidal asymmetry in the Radial Sand Ridges?

While it is widely recognized that the Radial Sand Ridges (RSR) in the South Yellow Sea are predominantly shaped by tidal forces, there remains a limited understanding of how this distinctive morphological configuration—characterized by an interlaced channel-ridge system—can subsequently influence local tidal dynamics. This study examines the effects of morphological features on tidal asymmetry, taking into account seabed slope, relative depths between ridges and channels, and channel convergence. Three principal indices—namely tidal-duration-asymmetry (TDA), peak-current-asymmetry (PCA), and slack-water-asymmetry (SWA)—are employed to quantify various dimensions of tidal asymmetry. The findings indicate that SWA serves as the most morphology-sensitive indicator, whereas TDA exhibits minimal sensitivity to morphological changes. Furthermore, seabed steepness emerges as a critical factor influencing tidal asymmetry within the RSR; steeper slopes enhance intrinsic energy conversion processes, thereby inducing tidal asymmetries. Additional analysis reveals that streamwise advection accounts for an average of 88 % of total advection scale while controlling for spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, the average integral sum of advection terms along submerged sand ridges is 2.53 times greater than that along the deepest section of the tidal channel line—a significant contributor to spatial variability in SWA. With a positive seabed slope, the apex of the RSR acts as a source for overtides which interact with incoming astronomical tides, consequently generating tidal asymmetries. Moreover, this study illustrates varying dependencies of tidal asymmetry on bottom stress across channels and ridges, contributing to spatial variability in arc direction among RSRs. Ultimately, this research elucidates complex interactions between tidal flow and morphological characteristics within RSRs and provides insights into tide evolution in analogous ebb-shoal systems.

Middle mesial canal incidence and morphology in mandibular first molars: A cone-beam computed tomography and micro-computed tomography evaluation.

Mandibular first molar (MFM) being the first permanent posterior tooth to erupt, quite often gets involved in dental caries, which subsequently requires endodontic treatment in many cases. Thus, it is essential that the clinicians be aware of the root canal and the morphology of these teeth in detail. Over a period of years, the cases reporting with middle mesial canals (MMCs) in the MFMs have been seen on the rise; thus, it is imperative to know its incidence so that the data can be passed on to the clinicians for better management. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the incidence of MMC in the MFMs using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and further evaluating its morphology with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Five hundred and fifty extracted permanent MFMs were collected and subjected to CBCT scan. The teeth in which MMC was found, were further subjected to micro-CT to evaluate the detailed morphology. The data exhibited the presence of MMC in 29 teeth out of 550 (5.27%). The most frequent morphological pattern observed in the MMC as per micro-CT was the confluent type (86.2%), followed by independent type (6.8%) and fin type (3.4%). Double MMC was observed in 1 tooth (3.4%). The incidence of MMC was observed to be 5.27% and the confluent type of morphological configuration was the most common type noticed.

Description of Saccocoelioides miguelmontesi n. sp. (Digenea: Haploporidae) from characid fishes in the Iguazu River Basin based on morphological and molecular evidence.

Here we describe a new species of the genus Saccocoelioides found parasitizing Astyanax dissimilis Garavello & Sampaio, Psalidodon bifasciatus (Garavello and Sampaio) and Bryconamericus ikaa Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta from the Iguazu National Park, Misiones province, Argentina. Saccocoelioides miguelmontesi n. sp. was studied based on morphological and molecular (28S rDNA and COI mtDNA sequences) data. The COI mtDNA tree indicated that the specimens collected from the three fish hosts are conspecific, with an intragroup p-distance of 0%. The new species shows an intermediate morphological configuration between the diminutive and robust forms described for Saccocoelioides by Curran (2018). Although, in the 28S rDNA tree, it is placed in a well-supported clade with the two robust species analysed (S. elongatus and S. magnus; p-distance of 1 and 2%, respectively), it differs from the robust group by the range of body size, mature egg size, oral and ventral sucker size, sucker ratio, oral sucker to pharynx ratio, and post-cecal or post-testis/body length percentage. Our results led us to redefine the robust group as having eggs shorter or equal in length to the pharynx. Saccocoelioides miguelmontesi n. sp. the 10th species reported from Argentina and the 7th species within the robust group.

Morphological effects of WO3 in metal sulfide-based S-Scheme heterojunctions for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production

In the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production, metal sulfides are frequently utilized, particularly Cd sulfides, which have the benefits of a narrow band gap and a sufficient band gap. Other photocatalysts are required to enhance the situation because it still has a high photogenic carrier recombination rate and has flaws like photocorrosion that need to be fixed. The best morphology combination must be chosen since, as we are all aware, the morphology of the catalyst can significantly alter its activity. To choose the best morphology, we chose maple leaf CdS and WO3 with various morphologies to construct the S-Scheme heterojunctions, and WO3 was then applied to other metal sulfides. It is concluded that granular WO3–0D and CdS-F have the highest hydrogen evolution activity, which may indicate that 0D has the highest loading capacity and may play a certain supporting role for the catalyst that is easy to agglomerate, exposing more hydrogen evolution active sites to enhance hydrogen production. At the same time, the main hydrogen evolution active crystal face of the metal sulfide in the paper is (1 0 0) crystal face. When the crystal face is exposed, the metal sulfide in the paper has good hydrogen evolution activity, and the hydrogen evolution activity will be greatly reduced after the crystal face is covered. The established spatial angle between the (1 0 0) crystal face exposed by CdS-F and the (1 1 1) crystal face exposed by WO3–0D is large, so the highly active crystal face and active site are preserved as much as possible. On the other hand, WO3 decreases the recombination rate of electron-hole pairs in metal sulfide, resulting in a greater contribution of photogenerated electrons to the hydrogen evolution reaction. The Tafel clearly demonstrates the variation of hydrogen production rate control steps. This offers some suggestions for choosing the photocatalyst's morphological configuration.

Molecular and cellular changes underlying plasticity and regeneration of intact, injured and aged cold corneal nerves

The peripheral nerve endings from trigeminal neurons that innervate the cornea are key neural structures to detect and encode the features of the physical and chemical external stimuli at the ocular surface. These neurons are functionally diverse and have been classified into polymodal nociceptors, mechano‐nociceptors and cold thermoreceptors. Each functional type evokes qualitative different conscious sensations. The sensory modality that is generated from a nerve ending is determined by the type and specific characteristics of the ion channels involved in stimulus transduction and encoding. Among them, TRPM8 channels transduce both cold and osmotic stimuli in corneal cold nerve terminals. These cold thermoreceptors mediate sensations of ocular surface cooling and dryness, and play an important role in the regulation of basal tearing and blinking. Morphologically, cold thermosensitive neurons display a more complex branching of their peripheral nerve endings innervating the cornea in comparison to the other functional classes of sensory neurons.With aging, TRPM8‐expressing cold sensory neurons innervating the mouse cornea experience morphological and functional alterations. These changes occur earlier and are more prominent at the nerve terminal than at the neuron cell body. A drastic reduction of the nerve terminal branching complexity in addition to lower background impulse activity is observed in cold nerves of aged mice. Similarly, after performing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the adult mouse cornea, both the nerve terminal branching and background activity are reduced in a fraction of the cold nerve terminals. An altered morphological configuration along with an aberrant transducing and coding ion channels expression at corneal cold nerve terminals are likely to contribute to the discomfort sensations experienced after corneal surgery and to the age‐related abnormal tearing in the elderly.(Supported by PID2021‐124460OB‐I00 from DOI: MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, and CIPROM/2021/48 from the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain)

Machine learning-based morphological and mechanical prediction of kirigami-inspired active composites

Kirigami-inspired designs hold great potential for the development of functional materials and devices, but predicting the morphological configuration of these structures under various loading conditions remains a challenge for traditional experimental and numerical methods. Here, we present a novel approach that utilizes machine learning algorithms to accurately predict the deformation and stress field of kirigami-inspired programmable active composites. To train our model, first, we used a chemical corrosion algorithm to generate a dataset of kirigami-inspired imaging model accompanied by utilizing finite element simulations to obtain their deformation and stress fields as the ground truth, and subsequently trained the machine learning model to offer robust predictions of the displacement and stress fields of the designated structures. The graphically preprocessing transformation between color space and deformation(stress) fields is used to match the fields prediction of mechanical problems with powerful machine learning approaches in image processing. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in predicting the morphological and mechanical behaviors of kirigami-inspired active structures, paving the way for the development of advanced and functional composite designs that are programmable and active.

Towards a socially vibrant city: exploring urban typologies and morphologies of the emerging “CityWalks” in Dubai

Vertical urbanization to maximize land use in many cities has led to a shortage of urban spaces that could adequately meet people's needs. In response, CityWalk has emerged as a new urban form to solve this problem by attracting people to go from inside closed buildings to outside walks. Thus, it is promoting health, economy, and tourism. Locally in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), especially in Dubai, a limited number of CityWalks have been developed. Despite the increasing popularity of CityWalks, there has been a gap in research examining their distinct emerging urban typologies and their urban configuration. This study seeks to address this gap by first conceptualizing CityWalk as an emerging urban public space based on the exploration of global and local experiences. Second, the study categorized the morphological configuration of three selected case studies of CityWalks in Dubai using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. These case studies represent three different developments of CityWalks in three different contexts in the UAE. First, CityWalks within the inner city's urban context are represented by ‘City Walk’ in Al Wasel. Second, CityWalks surrounded by the sea represented by 'The Walk’ in Marsa Dubai. Third, CityWalks developed next to traditional buildings represented by ‘Al Seef’ in Al Hamriya. The findings of the research investigations reveal that the emerging ‘CityWalks’ developments in each of the three different urban contexts in Dubai do not represent a single familiar urban space typology but rather a ‘harmonious’ blend of global and local urban design typologies. In addition, the urban morphological analysis of these three urban developments underscores the distinctive characteristics of each of them in terms of street network, urban form, urban compactness, land use, and shading. This contributes to better understanding of these emerging urban forms and hence pave the way for more research about their socio-economic robustness to ultimately contribute to more successful future designs of ‘CityWalks’ in Dubai and other cities in the region.

A Comparative Analysis of Dholuo and Lubukusu Anaphors within the Government and Binding Theory

Languages exhibit anaphors, reflexives and reciprocals as either lexical items or affixes. This makes it interesting to identify their occurrence and interpretation. The study aimed at comparing anaphoric system of two African languages: Dholuo and Lubukusu to establish their morphological configuration and syntactic properties. Corpus of data for study were drawn from different sources. Dholuo data was derived from native speaker intuition, elicitations and from existing work by scholars. Lubukusu drawn was derived from works from scholars. First, data was categorized to establish their configuration. Then, the data from Dholuo and Lubukusu were compared to establish their morphological and syntactic configuration. Thereafter, a comparison of the anaphors from the two languages was performed. Syntactically, the anaphors were descriptively analyzed using X-bar syntax and Binding Theory modules of the Government and Binding Theory (GB). Results indicate that the two languages belong to different families: Dholuo, a Nilotic language while Lubukusu Bantu. Typologically, both Dholuo and Lubukusu were found to be agglutinating languages characterized with presence of affixes. Similarly, the affixes are bound to the verb. Contrastively, Lubukusu contains reflexives which occur as prefixes and reciprocals as suffixes; while Dholuo anaphors occur as suffixes. Conversely, Lubukusu exhibit the reflexive which occurs as an allomorph with two different morpheme markers; whereas Dholuo has a single reflexive marker. Furthermore, Lubukusu’s reciprocal is distinctly marked while in Dholuo the reciprocal and the reflexive are marked with the same morpheme. Apparently, context is paramount in the interpretation of Dholuo anaphor whereby both the speaker and listener must be aware of what is being conveyed. Lastly, both languages met the conditions highlighted in Chomsky’s Binding Principle A in establishing grammaticality of constructions. The anaphors are bound to respective antecedents irrespective of their positions in the two languages.

Multilayer composite membranes composed of carbon molecular sieve membranes sandwiched between stacked zeolite nanosheets

This study proposes a novel method for fabricating composite membranes with a unique multilayer structure comprising Mobil-type five (MFI) zeolite nanosheets and carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes. The proposed fabrication method involves direct solution casting of a nanosheet/polymer composite onto porous alumina supports and subsequent carbonization, thereby eliminating the necessity for intermediate layers, typically required in most conventional supported CMS membranes. The fabricated membranes exhibit clear molecular sieving separation attributes, demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed method in preparing membranes without intermediate layers. Furthermore, the membranes exhibit an intriguing morphological configuration, wherein the CMS layers occupy the interstitial spaces between the stacked zeolite nanosheets. Therefore, compared with conventional CMS membranes without nanosheets, the fabricated CMS membrane with MFI nanosheets contain a significant proportion of sp2 bonded carbon atoms. The distinct physical and chemical structures of the composite membrane considerably improve its stability against structural densification associated with physical aging. A marginal H2 permeance reduction is observed for the 6 and 10 wt% loading samples of the composite membrane after aging for 100 d at 180 °C. Moreover, the H2/CO2 selectivity of the 6 wt% loading sample of the aged membrane increased from approximately 4 to 21, surpassing the upper bound of the corresponding gas pair. Thus, the proposed method can be used for fabricating molecular sieve membranes owing to its advantages such as ease of membrane preparation and gas-separation performance and structural stability enhancements of the fabricated membranes.

Tailoring porous organic polymers with enhanced capacity, thermal stability and surface area for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) elimination from water environment

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), a perfluoroalkyl substance, has engendered alarm over its presence in water sources due to its intrinsic toxicity. Hence, there is a pressing need to identify efficacious adsorbents capable of removing PFAS derivatives from water. To achieve this, batch adsorption studies under various circumstances were employed to tune amorphous polymer networks regarding their morphological configuration, heat durability, surface area and capacity to adsorb PFOS in water. A facile, one-pot nucleophilic substitution reaction was employed to synthesize amorphous polymer networks using triazine derivatives as building units for monomers. Notably, POP-3 exhibited a superlative adsorption capacity, with a removal efficiency of 97.8%, compared to 90.3% for POP-7. POP-7 exhibited a higher specific surface area (SBET) of 232 m2 g−1 compared to POP-3 with a surface area of 5.2 m2 g−1. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of electrostatic forces in PFOS adsorption, with pH being a significant element, as seen by changes in the PFOS sorption process by both polymeric networks under neutral, basic and acidic environments. The optimal pH value for the PFOS removal process using both polymers was found to be 4. Also, POP-7 exhibited a better thermal stability performance (300 °C) compared to POP-3 (190 °C). Finally, these findings indicate the ease with which amorphous polymeric frameworks may be synthesized as robust and effective adsorbents for the elimination of PFOS from waterbodies.

Quality attributes of the developed banana flour: Effects of drying methods

The study aims to investigate the effects of different drying methods on the changes in functional properties, physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, sensory attributes, and microstructural quality of the banana flours. Two local banana cultivars, Mehersagar and Sabri, were dried to produce flour using four distinct drying methods: freeze drying (FD), cabinet drying (CD), microwave oven drying (MOD), and forced air oven drying (FOD). The functional properties of the developed banana flours were observed where the findings were as water holding capacity (0.93 ± 0.06–2.74 ± 0.04 g water/g dry sample), oil absorption capacity (0.87 ± 0.06–2.22 ± 0.10 g oil/g dry sample), swelling capacity (4.62 ± 0.02–5.05 ± 0.03 g paste/g dry sample), bulk density (0.54 ± 0.04–0.81 ± 0.02 g/ml), tapped density (0.62 ± 0.04–0.93 ± 0.03 g/ml) and Carr's Index (9.38 ± 0.47–13.58 ± 0.43%). Freeze-dried Mehersagar cultivar's flour showed the leading functional properties with good flowability and cohesiveness. The physicochemical parameters of the flours also revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in lightness (L*) (50.51 ± 1.49–72.21 ± 1.05), moisture content (3.96 ± 0.09–7.74 ± 0.13%), protein (2.72 ± 0.07–3.93 ± 0.06%), crude fat (0.11 ± 0.01–0.36 ± 0.04%), crude fiber (0.64 ± 0.03–1.22 ± 0.03%), carbohydrate (84.15 ± 0.24–88.26 ± 0.15%) and energy content (354.25 ± 0.57–370.02 ± 0.39 kcal/g). Total flavonoid content (21.44 ± 0.04–34.34 ± 0.03 mgQE/100g) and phenolic content (29.91 ± 0.01–71.46 ± 0.03 mgGAE/100g) was observed, while the highest retention of bioactive compounds was exhibited in Mehersagar cultivar's flour. In terms of appearance, fineness, taste, flavor, color, and overall acceptability, the dried banana flour of both the cultivars obtained from freeze-dried scored overall acceptability 8.04 ± 0.02 and 7.92 ± 0.17, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy analysis of the microstructure of flour granules from each sample revealed a diverse morphological configuration in particle size and shape. According to the findings of this study, the freeze-drying technology is superior to others, and the Mehersagar banana cultivar is more satisfactory in terms of quality characteristics. Moreover, the quality parameters of banana flour may facilitate the formulation of different flour-based gluten-free baked products and food supplements.

The role of morphological configuration in language control during bilingual production and comprehension

AbstractWhen bilinguals switch between their two languages, they often alternate between words whose formation rules in one language are different from the other (e.g., a noun-verb compound in one language may be a verb-noun compound in another language). In this study, we analyze behavioral performance and electrophysiological activity to examine the effects of morphological configuration on language control during production and comprehension. Chinese–English bilinguals completed a joint naming-listening task involving cued language switching. The findings showed differential effects of morphological configuration on language production and comprehension. In production, morphological configuration was processed sequentially, suggesting that bilingual production may be a combination of sequential processing and inhibition of morphological levels and language interference. In comprehension, however, bottom-up control processes appear to mask the influence of sequential processing on language switching. Together, these findings underscore differential functionalities of language control in speaking and listening.

‘What’s in a Name?’ Ideology and Language in the Epistulae ad Caesarem

Abstract The following paper offers a study on how contestation over the meaning of language forged the political ideology present in the second of the Epistulae ad Caesarem. ‘Ideology’ being a notoriously malleable concept, Michael Freeden’s theoretical approach is used to focus what it means, how it is manifested in the sources, and how it can be located and analysed. The political thought of the Late Republic is studied by examining the vocabulary contained in one of the disputed letters that Sallust addressed to Julius Caesar. Taking libertas as a case study of an ‘essentially contested concept’, the relation between language, meaning and ideology is dissected, outlining the morphological configuration that underlies the second Epistula. It is argued that the resulting array of political arguments is one iteration of what has been called popularis ideology.

Rheological modeling and microstructural evaluation of oily sludge modified bitumen

The disposal of oily sludge (OS) and depletion of crude oil reservoirs has become a global problem for the petroleum industries. The rising cost of bituminous materials is also attributed to the depletion of crude oil reservoirs. Incorporating OS in the production of bitumen can reduce waste generation, thereby ensuring sustainability in petroleum industries. This study carried out a series of physicochemical, rheological and morphological tests to examine the suitability of OS as a bitumen modifier. OS and binders were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize their morphological and chemical configuration. Using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and response surface methodology (RSM), the performance characteristics of binders were analyzed and modeled. FTIR showed the identical functional groups responsible for the compatibility of OS and bitumen. Fit statistics and diagnostic graphs showed the significance and adequacy of the quadratic model for rutting and fatigue factors. Response surface plots showed that OS improved the fatigue resistance of bitumen. The OS up to 8 % addition improves fatigue resistance while keeping the performance grade (PG) identical to that of base bitumen.

Assessment of post-infarct ventricular septal defects through 3D printing and statistical shape analysis.

Post-infarct ventricular septal defect (PIVSD) is a serious complication of myocardial infarction. We evaluated 3D-printing models in PIVSD clinical assessment and the feasibility of statistical shape modeling for morphological analysis of the defects. Models (n=15) reconstructed from computed tomography data were evaluated by clinicians (n=8). Statistical shape modeling was performed on 3D meshes to calculate the mean morphological configuration of the defects. Clinicians' evaluation highlighted the models' utility in displaying defects for interventional/surgical planning, education/training and device development. However, models lack dynamic representation. Morphological analysis was feasible and revealed oval-shaped (n=12) and complex channel-like (n=3) defects. 3D-PIVSD models can complement imaging data for teaching and procedural planning. Statistical shape modeling is feasible in this scenario.

Geometric latches enable tuning of ultrafast, spring-propelled movements.

The smallest, fastest, repeated-use movements are propelled by power-dense elastic mechanisms, yet the key to their energetic control may be found in the latch-like mechanisms that mediate transformation from elastic potential energy to kinetic energy. Here, we tested how geometric latches enable consistent or variable outputs in ultrafast, spring-propelled systems. We constructed a reduced-order mathematical model of a spring-propelled system that uses a torque reversal (over-center) geometric latch. The model was parameterized to match the scales and mechanisms of ultrafast systems, specifically snapping shrimp. We simulated geometric and energetic configurations that enabled or reduced variation of strike durations and dactyl rotations given variation of stored elastic energy and latch mediation. Then, we collected an experimental dataset of the energy storage mechanism and ultrafast snaps of live snapping shrimp (Alpheus heterochaelis) and compared our simulations with their configuration. We discovered that snapping shrimp deform the propodus exoskeleton prior to the strike, which may contribute to elastic energy storage. Regardless of the amount of variation in spring loading duration, strike durations were far less variable than spring loading durations. When we simulated this species' morphological configuration in our mathematical model, we found that the low variability of strike duration is consistent with their torque reversal geometry. Even so, our simulations indicate that torque reversal systems can achieve either variable or invariant outputs through small adjustments to geometry. Our combined experiments and mathematical simulations reveal the capacity of geometric latches to enable, reduce or enhance variation of ultrafast movements in biological and synthetic systems.

6 MeV electron beam induced TL dosimetric properties of CaF2:Dy nanophosphor

The present paper reports the thermoluminescence properties of 6 MeV electron irradiated Dy doped CaF2 nanophosphors (NPs), at different doses from 25 Gy to 1.2 kGy. Here, the chemical co-precipitation method was used to prepare the CaF2:Dy nanophosphor with an optimized concentration of Dy dopants. The structural and morphological configuration of the nanophosphor were investigated by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, which confirms the FCC phase exhibiting crystallite size ∼54 nm and particle size of 88 nm, respectively. In the case of thermoluminescence properties, it is observed that 1 mol % doped NPs possess a simple and single glow curve at 230 °C at the electron fluence of 75 × 1011 e/cm2 (750 Gy). The linearity of absorbed dose-response is found to be linear with increase in electron fluence (dose) from 25 × 1010 e/cm2 (2.5 Gy) to 75 × 1011 e/cm2 (750 Gy). The fading and reproducibility characteristics have been explored and the kinetic parameters were calculated by using GCD and peak shape method etc.

Acromial Morphology and Its Relation to the Glenoid Is Associated with Different Partial Rotator Cuff Tear Patterns

The pathogenesis of subacromial impingement syndrome is controversially discussed. Assuming that bursal sided partial tears of the supraspinatus tendons are rather the result of a direct subacromial impact, the question arises whether there is a morphological risk configuration of the acromion and its spatial relation to the glenoid. Patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of either a partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) or bursal-sided supraspinatus tear (BURSA) were retrospectively allocated to two groups. Various previously described and new omometric parameters on standard anteroposterior and axial shoulder radiographs were analyzed. We hypothesized that acromial shape and its spatial relation to the glenoid may predispose to a specific partial supraspinatus tendon tear pattern. The measurements included the critical shoulder angle (CSA), the acromion index (AI), Bigliani acromial type and the new short sclerotic line, acromioclavicular offset angle (ACOA), and AC offset. The ratio length/width of acromion and the medial acromial offset were measured on axial radiographs. A total of 73 patients were allocated to either PASTA (n = 45) or BURSA (n = 28). The short sclerotic line showed a statistically significant difference between PASTA and BURSA (16.2 mm versus 13.1 mm, p = 0.008). The ratio acromial width/length was statistically significant (p = 0.021), with BURSA having slightly greater acromial length (59 vs. 56 mm). The mean acromial offset was 42.9 mm for BURSA vs. 37.7 mm for PASTA (p = 0.021). ACOA and AC offset were both higher for BURSA, without reaching statistical significance. The CSA did not differ significantly between PASTA and BURSA (33.73° vs. 34.56°, p = 0.062). The results revealed an association between a narrow acromial morphology, increased medial offset of the acromion in relation to the glenoid, and the presence of a short sclerotic line in the anteroposterior radiograph in bursal-sided tears of the supraspinatus tendon. Assuming that bursal-sided tears are rather the result of a direct conflict of the tendon with the undersurface of the acromion, this small subgroup of patients presenting with impingement syndrome might benefit from removing a harming acromial spur.

Morphological Configuration of Sensory Biomedical Receptors Based on Structures Integrated by Electric Circuits and Utilizing Magnetic-Responsive Hybrid Fluid (HF).

Biomedical receptors such as cutaneous receptors or intelligent cells with tactile, auditory, gustatory, and olfactory sensations function in the five senses of the human body. Investigations focusing on the configuration of such receptors are useful in the fields of robotics and sensors in the food industry, among others, which involve artificial organs or sensory machines. In the present study, we aimed to produce the receptors for four senses (excepting vision) by morphologically mimicking virtual human ones. The mimicked receptors were categorized into eight types of configured structure. Our proposed magnetic-responsive hybrid fluid (HF) in elastic and soft rubber and proposed electrolytic polymerization technique gave the solidified HF rubber electric characteristics of piezoelectricity and piezo-capacity, among others. On the basis of these electric characteristics, the mimicked receptors were configured in various types of electric circuits. Through experimental estimation of mechanical force, vibration, thermal, auditory, gustatory, and olfactory responses of each receptor, the optimum function of each was specified by comparison with the actual sensations of the receptors. The effect of hairs fabricated in the receptors was also clarified to viably reproduce the distinctive functions of these sensations.