Morning Session Research Articles

Análisis comparativo entre Género y Puntaje de la Prueba Saber en estudiantes de Grado 11

Fecha de recepción: 07 de enero de 2019Fecha de revisión: 03 de marzo de 2019Fecha de aprobación: 17 de junio de 2019
 Se realizó un estudio de investigación relacionado con los puntajes obtenidos por los estudiantes de grado once de la Institución Educativa General Santander del municipio de Soacha, Cundinamarca, comparando los resultados obtenidos en las jornadas mañana y tarde. A partir del análisis estadístico de los datos aplicando la ANOVA, se observó que el p-valor de la prueba es igual a 0,622 para lectura crítica; 0,062 para matemáticas; 0,625 para sociales; 0,513 para ciencias naturales y 0,930 para inglés. Dado que estos valores son mayores a α =0.05, se rechaza Ha; es decir, no hay diferencias significativas entre los promedios para la variable Género masculino y femenino en las jornadas mañana y tarde. A su vez, los resultados mostraron que los puntajes en cada una de las pruebas fueron mejores para los hombres que para las mujeres.
 Palabras clave: Evaluación comparativa, investigación comparativa, análisis cuantitativo, análisis causal.
 Comparative analysis between Gender and Score of Saber Test in students of 11th Grade
 A research study was carried out related to the scores obtained by the eleventh grade students of the General Santander Educational Institution of the Soacha, Cundinamarca municipality, comparing the results obtained in the morning and afternoon sessions. From the statistical analysis of the data applying the ANOVA, it was observed that the p-value of the test is equal to 0.622 for Critical reading, 0.062 for Mathematics, 0.625 for Social sciences, 0.513 for Natural sciences and 0.930 for English. Because these values are higher than α = 0.05, hypothesis Ha is rejected, which means that there are no significant differences between the averages for the variable Male and female gender in the morning and afternoon sessions. In turn, the results showed that the highest scores in each of the tests were better for men than for women.
 Key words: Comparative evaluation, comparative research, quantitative analysis, causal analysis.
 Análise comparativa entre Gênero e Pontuação da Prova Saber em estudantes de Grau 11
 Realizou-se um estudo sobre as pontuações obtidas pelos alunos da décima primeira série do Instituição Educativa General Santander do município de Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colômbia, comparando os resultados obtidos nas sessões da manhã e da tarde. A partir da análise estatística dos dados que aplicaram a ANOVA, observou-se que o p-valor do teste é igual a 0,622 para leitura crítica, 0,062 para matemática, 0,625 para social, 0,513 para ciências naturais e 0,930 para inglês. Como estes valores são mais elevados que α = 0,05, a hipótese Ha é rejeitada, o que equivale a dizer que não há diferenças significativas entre as médias para a variável Sexo masculino e feminino nas sessões da manhã e da tarde. Por sua vez, os resultados mostraram que as maiores pontuações em cada um dos testes foram melhores para homens do que para mulheres.
 Palavras-chave: Avaliação comparativa, pesquisa comparativa, análise quantitativa, análise causal.
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Timing between Cortical Slow Oscillations and Heart Rate Bursts during Sleep Predicts Temporal Processing Speed, but Not Offline Consolidation.

Central and autonomic nervous system activities are coupled during sleep. Cortical slow oscillations (SOs; <1 Hz) coincide with brief bursts in heart rate (HR), but the functional consequence of this coupling in cognition remains elusive. We measured SO-HR temporal coupling (i.e., the peak-to-peak interval between downstate of SO event and HR burst) during a daytime nap and asked whether this SO-HR timing measure was associated with temporal processing speed and learning on a texture discrimination task by testing participants before and after a nap. The coherence of SO-HR events during sleep strongly correlated with an individual's temporal processing speed in the morning and evening test sessions, but not with their change in performance after the nap (i.e., consolidation). We confirmed this result in two additional experimental visits and also discovered that this association was visit-specific, indicating a state (not trait) marker. Thus, we introduce a novel physiological index that may be a useful marker of state-dependent processing speed of an individual.

The Moderating Role of Response to a Blood Glucose Challenge in Postprandial Cognition Following Consumption of Milk, Fruit Juice, and Water (FS05-05-19)

ObjectivesResults from recent studies indicate that milk facilitates cognition in children and college students with higher fasting glucose, particularly compared to a beverage higher in sugar (i.e., fruit juice). Although other findings suggest that low-sugar options facilitate cognition in persons with larger glycemic responses to meal or glucose challenges, studies thus far have artificially dichotomized glycemic response measures, a practice that introduces imprecision and decreases statistical power. The present investigation examined postprandial cognition following milk, apple juice, and water among adults, with response to a high-sugar beverage challenge considered as a moderator. We hypothesized that participants who showed a larger glycemic response to a high-sugar beverage (apple juice) would perform better following a low-sugar beverage (2% milk) compared to juice. MethodsForty-four healthy adults attended three morning sessions after fasting overnight. In a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design, participants completed baseline cognitive testing (CNS Vital Signs), followed by ingestion of 8 oz of 2% milk, apple juice, or water. Postprandial cognitive testing occurred 30, 90, and 150 min post-ingestion. Plasma glucose was measured pre-consumption, as well as 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after each beverage, with glycemic response assessed as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for plasma glucose. Processing Speed and Executive Function domain scores were analyzed using linear mixed modeling. ResultsAfter adjusting for age and BMI, analyses showed significant Beverage*iAUC*Time interactions comparing water and milk for both Processing Speed (b = 1.11 * 10–4, P = 0.01) and Executive Function (b = 7.00 * 10–6, P = 0.03). For both composites, persons with larger glycemic responses performed better after drinking milk versus water at 30 minutes, while this pattern reversed at 150 minutes. No significant differences were observed overall between apple juice and the other beverage conditions. ConclusionsMilk consumption may acutely (∼30–60 min) facilitate cognitive performance in persons with a larger glycemic response to a high-sugar beverage challenge. However, this pattern appears to reverse as blood glucose returns toward pre-consumption values. Funding SourcesWork funded by the National Dairy Council.

Perbandingan dua jenis olahraga pada pagi dan malam hari terhadap kualitas tidur

Pada dasarnya manusia melalui dua fase di dalam hidupnya yaitu fase ergotropic yang mana manusia beraktivitas pada pagi hari dan fase trophotropic yaitu manusia melakukan recovery di malam hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingan dua jenis olahraga yang dilakukan pada pagi dan di malam hari terhadap kualitas tidur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif dengan perlakuan one shot case study design yang menggunakan 40 mahasiswa putra sebagai subjek penelitian yang terbagi dalam empat kelompok. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas tidur pada sesi pagi dan malam hari menggunakan uji independent samples t test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas tidur pada kelompok yang yang melakukan aktivitas continuous cycling berintensitas sedang di sesi pagi dan malam hari memiliki nilai P &gt; 0,05 dan kualitas tidur pada kelompok yang melakukan aktivitas cycling with High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) di sesi pagi dan malam hari memiliki nilai P &lt; 0,05. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kualitas tidur antara kelompok yang melakukan aktivitas continuous cycling berintesitas sedang di pagi dan malam hari namun terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kualitas tidur antara kelompok yang melakukan aktivitas cycling with HIIT di pagi dan malam hari.

Development of E-Learning Modules and to Study its Influences among National Eligibility Test Aspirants in Physical Education Subject

The purpose of the study was to develop e-learning modules and to study its influences among national eligibility test aspirants in physical education subject. To achieve this purpose initially thirty six male national eligibility test aspirants who had completed postgraduate in physical education in the last three years have been randomly selected from Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai Districts, Tamil Nadu state, India and their age ranged from 24 to 27 years. A multiple choice test (pre-test) based on the NET physical education syllabi was conducted for all the subjects and top twenty scorers were taken as the subjects for this study. Using matching procedure on the basis of their pre-test scores, subject were assigned to two equal groups of ten subjects each and named as group ‘A’ and group ‘B’. Group ‘A’ underwent teaching along with e-learning modules sessions and group ‘B’ undergone teaching sessions alone. To prepare the e-learning modules based on UGC–NET exam syllabus in physical education subject, the investigators had chosen unit seventh and prepare the ten modules with help of the mentor. The teaching of the syllabus was administered for both groups for a period of ten working days with each session lasting for an hour each day in the morning session. The e-learning modules developed by the investigators were shown to group ‘A’ for 15 to 20 minutes per day after the teaching session. For displaying e-learning modules, the computer laboratory was used. The post test was conducted to the both groups with a different set of multiple choice questions. To find out the difference between the two groups analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) was used, where the final means were adjusted for differences in the initial means, and the adjusted means were tested for significance. It was found that the teaching along with e-learning modules showed significant improvement on national eligibility test aspirants in physical education subject.

Skipping Breakfast Affects the Early Steps of Cognitive Processing

Abstract. It has been generally accepted that skipping breakfast adversely affects cognition, mainly disturbing the attentional processes. However, the effects of short-term fasting upon brain functioning are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of skipping breakfast on cognitive processing by studying the electrical brain activity of young healthy individuals while performing several working memory tasks. Accordingly, the behavioral results and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) of 20 healthy university students (10 males) were obtained and compared through analysis of variances (ANOVAs), during the performance of three n-back working memory (WM) tasks in two morning sessions on both normal (after breakfast) and 12-hour fasting conditions. Significantly fewer correct responses were achieved during fasting, mainly affecting the higher WM load task. In addition, there were prolonged reaction times with increased task difficulty, regardless of breakfast intake. ERP showed a significant voltage decrement for N200 and P300 during fasting, while the amplitude of P200 notably increased. The results suggest skipping breakfast disturbs earlier cognitive processing steps, particularly attention allocation, early decoding in working memory, and stimulus evaluation, and this effect increases with task difficulty.

Opportunities and Challenges for Inter‐Professional One Health Education

One Health is an interdisciplinary approach to optimizing health for humans, animals, and the environment at the local, national, and global level. It incorporates expertise from diverse fields—including human and veterinary medicine, environmental and biological sciences, engineering, public health, political science, urban planning, economics, sociology, epidemiology, and statistical modeling—to study and solve important challenges at the intersection of humans, animals, and the environment.While it is quite easy to get buy‐in from the various stakeholders in One Health, there are many barriers to incorporating inter‐professional education in this area. For example, many undergraduate institutions do not have public health, health profession, and engineering schools. Even universities like Tufts, which has these schools, face significant obstacles in integrating One Health into their curricula.Specific suggestions for overcoming these obstacles will be provided, including seed grant initiatives and mini‐symposia, along with a description of a highly successful inter‐professional One Health activity currently ongoing at our institution: a student‐driven, faculty coordinated “Comparative Anatomy Exchange Day”. This activity involves veterinary, medical, dental, physician assistant, and graduate students.The event is hosted at the medical school, which has a newly‐built Gross Anatomy laboratory. Since human anatomy labs have tables sized for humans, it is not possible to accommodate large animal cadavers. Thus, the focus is on a specific organ system such as the GI system. The vet students bring GI systems from large animals, including horses, cows, camelids, etc; smaller animal cadavers such as birds, cats, dogs, pigs, and sheep are also provided. The medical school provides 1–2 previously dissected cadavers that are especially good for illustrating the GI system.The morning session is devoted to students from the various professional schools presenting the GI system of the human and animal species via a series of short, pithy talks. Following lunch, all of the participants head to the Gross Anatomy laboratory where the human and animal cadavers are displayed. Students go from station to station as they wish. A student is in charge of describing the relevant anatomy at each station, with a small number of faculty available for questions.This activity has proven to be highly popular, despite the fact that it is an optional activity offered on a Saturday afternoon in late April—more than 130 students and faculty participated. Creating One Health activities that are fun, educational, and allow students from different professions to interact is a highly effective way to provide inter‐professional education around One Health.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Influence of the time of day on axial length and choroidal thickness changes to hyperopic and myopic defocus in human eyes

Research in animal models have shown that exposing the eye to positive or negative spectacle lenses can lead to predictable changes in eye growth. Recent research indicates that brief periods (1–2 h) of monocular defocus results in small, but significant changes in axial length and choroidal thickness of human subjects. However, the effects of the time of day on these ocular changes with defocus are not known. In this study, we examined the effects of monocular myopic and hyperopic defocus on axial length and choroidal thickness when applied in the morning (change between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m.) vs the evening (change between 5 and 7 p.m.) in young adult human participants (mean age, 23.44 ± 4.52 years). A series of axial length (using an IOL Master) and choroidal thickness (using an optical coherence tomographer) measurements were obtained over three consecutive days in both eyes. Day 1 (no defocus) examined the baseline ocular measurements in the morning (10 a.m. and 12 p.m.) and in the evening (5 and 7 p.m.), day 2 investigated the effects of hyperopic and myopic defocus on ocular parameters in the morning (subjects wore a spectacle lens with +3 or −3 DS over the right eye and a plano lens over the left eye between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m.), and day 3 examined the effects of defocus in the evening (+3 or −3 DS spectacle lens over the right eye between 5 and 7 p.m.). Exposure to myopic defocus caused a significant reduction in axial length and thickening of the subfoveal choroid at both times; but, compared to baseline data from day 1, the relative change in axial length (−0.021 ± 0.009 vs +0.004 ± 0.003 mm, p = 0.009) and choroidal thickness (+0.027 ± 0.006 vs +0.007 ± 0.006 mm, p = 0.011) with defocus were significantly greater for evening exposure to defocus than for the morning session. On the contrary, introduction of hyperopic defocus resulted in a significant increase in axial length when given in the morning (+0.026 ± 0.006 mm), but not in the evening (+0.001 ± 0.003 mm) (p = 0.047). Furthermore, hyperopic defocus resulted in a significant thinning of the choroid (p = 0.005), but there was no significant influence of the time of day on choroidal changes associated with hyperopic defocus (p = 0.672). Exposure to hyperopic and myopic defocus at different times of the day was also associated with changes in the parafoveal regions of the choroid (measured across 1.5 mm nasal and temporal choroidal regions on either side of the fovea). Our results show that ocular response to optical defocus varies significantly depending on the time of day in human subjects. These findings represent a potential interaction between the signal associated with the eye's natural diurnal rhythm and the visual signal associated with the optical defocus, making the eye perhaps more responsive to hyperopic defocus (or ‘go’ signal) in the morning, and to myopic defocus (or ‘stop’ signal) in the latter half of the day.

Noninvasive Ventilation Weaning in Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure due to COPD Exacerbation: A Real-Life Observational Study.

The most recent British Thoracic Society/Intensive Care Society (BTS/ICS) guidelines on the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) suggest to maximize NIV use in the first 24 hours and to perform a slow tapering. However, a limited number of studies evaluated the phase of NIV weaning. The aim of this study is to describe the NIV weaning protocol used in AHRF due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD), patients' characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes in a real-life intermediate respiratory care unit (IRCU) setting. We performed a retrospective study on adult patients hospitalized at the IRCU of San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy, from January 2015 to April 2017 with a diagnosis of AHRF due to COPD exacerbation. The NIV weaning protocol used in our institution consists of the interruption of one of the three daily NIV sessions at the time, starting from the morning session and finishing with the night session. The 51 patients who started weaning were divided into three groups: 20 (39%) patients (median age 80 yrs, 65% males) who completed the protocol and were discharged home without NIV (Completed Group), 20 (39%) did not complete it because they were adapted to domiciliary ventilation (Chronic NIV Group), and 11 (22%) interrupted weaning ex abrupto mainly due to NIV intolerance (Failed Group). Completed Group patients were older, had a higher burden of comorbidities, but a lower severity of COPD compared to Chronic NIV Group. Failed Group patients experienced higher frequency of delirium after NIV discontinuation. None of the patients who completed weaning had AHRF relapse during hospitalization. While other NIV weaning methods have been previously described, our study is the first to describe a protocol that implies the interruption of a ventilation session at the time. The application of a weaning protocol may prevent AHRF relapse in the early stages of NIV interruption and in elderly frail patients.

Are Measures of Postural Behavior Using Motion Sensors in Seated Office Workers Reliable?

In this study, the reliability of measures of upper body postural behavior (head, thorax, neck, and arm) during sustained office work was evaluated. Although there has been a substantial body of research examining the technical aspects of posture measurement in office workers using motion sensors, there is a paucity of literature examining whether posture-related behaviors are actually consistent among office workers in the field on different days and times. Thirty one office workers performed their usual work for three, 1-hr sessions (two morning sessions and one afternoon session) while wearing wireless motion sensors. Reliability coefficients of the derived measures of postural behavior were calculated. Most (30/31) of the postural behavior measures demonstrated modest to excellent reliability (ICC 2.1: 0.48-0.84). Reliability appeared to be mildly affected by factors such as the time of day recordings were taken and variations in desk setups. The findings suggest these measures may be a reliable method for evaluating postural behavior in the office work environment in future studies. Postural measurement using a technical motion sensor described an acceptable reliability to be used for risk assessment in the workplace. Consideration of assessment time and desk setting would increase the accuracy of postural measurement.

Consistent meal times improve performance on a daily time-place learning task

The ability of an animal to learn the spatiotemporal variability of stimuli is known as time-place learning (TPL). The present study investigated the role of the food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) in TPL. Rats were trained in an operant conditioning chamber which contained two levers that distributed a food reward, such that one lever provided food rewards in morning sessions, while the other lever provided food rewards in afternoon sessions. We expected that having access to the FEO would provide rats with more accurate depictions of time of day, leading to better performance. Rats received either one meal per day (1M group), which permitted FEO access, or many meals per day (MM group), which prevented FEO access. As predicted, 1M rats had a significantly higher percentage of correct first presses than MM rats. Once rats successfully learned the task, probe tests were conducted to determine the timing strategy used. Of the 10 rats that successfully learned the time-place discrimination, six used a circadian timing strategy. Future research should determine whether the advantage in learning seen in the rats having access to the FEO is specific to the daily TPL task used in this study, or to learning and memory tasks more generally.

Enhancing learning performance through Classroom Response Systems: The effect of knowledge type and social presence

Previous studies point to the positive effect of Classroom Response Systems (CRS) on teaching and learning. We explore two learning dimensions that may influence the effectiveness of CRS: 1) Type of knowledge taught (conceptual vs. procedural knowledge and 2) Social presence (students’ participation level in group learning through informal chat group and meetings outside classroom to discuss academic materials). Our sample consists of over 2500 undergraduate students in the courses of Corporate Finance, International Finance, and Introduction to Business Law over three consecutive semesters from 2014 to 2015. We employ cross-sectional, panel data and structural equation model (SEM) models with control for gender, time-of-day effect (morning vs. afternoon session), student origin (mainland, local, and foreign), instructor, subject, and semester. Our findings indicate that the effect of CRS on learning performance is more positive regarding conceptual compared with procedural knowledge. Furthermore, students with a higher level of social presence exhibit a stronger motivation to learn and better academic performance when CRS is used.

Effect of time of day and specialty on polyp detection rates in Australia.

Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an important quality metric in colonoscopy. However, there is conflicting evidence around factors that influence ADR. This study aims to investigate the effect of time of day and endoscopist background on ADR and sessile serrated adenoma/polyp detection rate (SSA/P-DR) for screening colonoscopies. Consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy in 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Primary outcome was the effect of time of day and endoscopist specialty on screening ADR. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of the same factors on SSA/P-DR and other metrics and collinearity of ADR and SSA/P-DR. Linear regression models were used for association between ADR, time of day, and endoscopist background. Bowel preparation, endoscopist, session, patient age, and gender were adjusted for. Linear regression model was also used for comparing ADR and SSA/P-DR. Chi-square was used for difference of proportions. Two thousand six hundred fifty-seven colonoscopies, of which 558 were screening colonoscopies, were performed. The adjusted mean ADR (screening) was 36.8% in the morning compared with 30.5% in the afternoon (P<0.0001) and was 36.8% for gastroenterologists compared with 30.4% for surgeons (P<0.0001). For every 1-h delay in commencing the procedure, there was a reduction in mean ADR by 3.4%. Using a linear regression model, a statistically significant positive association was found between ADR and SSA/P-DR (P<0.0001). Morning and afternoon sessions and gastroenterologists and surgeons achieved the minimum standards recommended for ADR. Afternoon lists and surgeons were associated with a lower ADR compared with morning and gastroenterologists, respectively. Additionally, SSA/P-DR showed collinearity with ADR.

"Joyce Without Borders": A Report on the North American James Joyce Symposium, Mexico City, Mexico, 12-16 June 2019

"Joyce Without Borders":A Report on the North American James Joyce Symposium, Mexico City, Mexico, 12-16 June 2019 Tiffany L. Fajardo Mexico City may seem the least likely destination for a Joyce conference, but 2019's "Joyce Without Borders" makes a strong case for situating symposia in new and exciting locales outside [End Page 17] the Anglosphere. With its historic Roma backdrop, Mexico City's Universidad Nacional Autónoma offered Joyceans an invigorating conference venue that brought scholars the world over together for five days of performances, panels, and fun. A conference unlike any other, in addition to the serious scholarship on display, this year's events included a Ulysses-themed tarot reading by the artist Penelope K. Wade and a Finnegans Wake yoga class led by James Shaw, ensuring a delightful and unforgettable experience for all attendees. The conference kicked off on Wednesday, 12 June, with Carol Wade's "Art of the Wake," a witty exploration of Finnegans Wake through painting and illustration. In the words of Wade, "I just love it when art causes a conversation"—and that she did! By turns elegant and playful, Wade's art is a visual smorgasbord that set the pace for the conference as an intellectual endeavor, which, however ambitious, illuminated Joyce for a broad audience and beckoned him from the ivory tower and into the dear, dirty streets. Next, composer Neal Kosaly-Meyer's "Finnegans Wake, fragment performed from memory" was a tour-de-force feat in which he performed eight pages of the Wake entirely from memory. The acute attention to musical detail and quasi-liturgical staging, including his pausing to pour water and whiskey which he then ceremonially drank, was wholly unique. Gavan Kennedy's "Finnegan Wakes Film Project" followed, democratizing Joyce's most experimental work by choosing volunteers to read randomly selected passages set to any tune that had impacted them in a meaningful way. The scope of the project is massive, seeking to set all of the Wake to film, and Kennedy shot several clips with conference-goers throughout the week's events. Thursday, 13 June, saw the beginning of panel sessions proper, with veteran and virgin researchers convening to present fresh perspectives on Joyce's oeuvre. Chaired by Kiron Ward, the morning session's "Joyce in Africa, Africa in Joyce," was very much in the spirit of the conference theme. Teresa Valentini's "Comparative Modernisms: Olive Schreiner's African Farm and Joyce's A Portrait," raised issues of identity, gender, and nation. Michael Wood then delivered the first keynote on "Melodies of Underdevelopment," stressing the relationship between music and class in Joyce's work. The Joycean events continued well into lunch with a Finnegans Wake reading group led by Rodney Sharkey and Peter Quadrino, showcasing a delicious prix fixe menu that highlighted traditional Mexican dishes and made for a crossing of linguistic and culinary borders. The return to the conference marked presentations by my panel, "Nes Yo: Living with the Irresolvable in Joyce's Fiction." For my part, "'The He and the She of It': Embracing Indeterminacy in Joyce" attempted to shift the focus from HCE to ALP and interrogate the uncertainty surrounding the Phoenix Park incident, as well as raise [End Page 18] discussions about the contemporary significance of this "crime" in the wake of #metoo. Shifting gears, Tim Conley's "Don't you know he's dead?" offered a Wittgensteinian spin on Joyce's texts, reminding us that nothing—not even the ostensibly obvious difference between life and death—is ever beyond critique, and that the simplest of premises becomes questionable in the hands of Joyce. Austin Briggs followed this with the Empson-inflected "Seven Types of Joycean Ambiguity and What to Do with Them," highlighting the multiple and contradictory valences in Joyce's work from Dubliners through Ulysses. The afternoon then closed with a panel chaired by conference organizer James Ramey, "Joyce and Posthumanism," which was one of the day's most provocative. Given the typical antipathy to theory in Joyce and lack of scholarship by women on the Wake, graduate students Maisie Ridgeway's "Joyce the Technician: Algorithms and Autopoiesis in Finnegans Wake" and Brenna MacDougall's "Posthuman Joyce? The Becomings...

An experimental study to check immediate effect of stacked breathing exercise on peak expiratory flow rate in cardiac surgery patient-pilot study

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the immediate effect of Stacked Breathing Exercise (SBE) on Peak Expiratory Flow (PEFR) in cardiac surgery patient. Methodology: After obtaining an ethical committee clearance, a pilot study is carried out on 11 subjects with age 40- 70yrs planned for cardiac surgery through the mediastinal approach. After obtaining written consent and screening of patient for the inclusion, Patients were treated with a Stacked Breathing Exercise (SBE) on Post-Operative Day (POD) 1, 2 and 3 twice daily. Pre-exercise and post-exercise values for PEFR was collected in six treatment session as IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB (A=Morning session, B=Afternoon session and I, II, III was POD-1, 2 and 3 respectively). Result: Total of 11 patients followed by cardiac surgery are analyzed for outcome PEFR. Data was analyzed in term of the mean difference. There is a statistically significant change seen in PEFR value comparing IA vs. IIIA, IB vs. IIIB and IA vs. IIIB (mean difference -86.364, -73.636 and -106.36). There is net 29.77% improvement in PEFR value seen at the end of the sixth (IIB) treatment session over pre-exercise value at IA. Discussion: Statistically significant improvement seen in PEFR value when comparing pre-exercise value to postexercise with every session immediately after the intervention. Our result is best supported with research article carried out by, Luciana Chiavegato. He said, Breath Stacking as an intervention in non-cardiac thoracic surgery patients able to show significant improvement in the Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF). We conducted this study to have to check on, whether it is also effective in cardiac surgery patients? In our study, we found 27% gain over before exercise values of PEFR (in l/ min) after stacked breathing exercise in cardiac surgery patients. Conclusion: It is concluded that stacked breathing exercise is significantly effective in improving PEFR. Hence can be an effective tool to help in improving lung function.

Changes in thermal comfort, core temperature, and body weight during simulated parcel home-delivery in summer and winter

Our aim was to determine differences in thermal comfort during simulated one-day parcel home delivery between summer and winter. Six young healthy males performed experiments in summer (up to 31°C) and winter (up to 8°C). After baseline measurement in a chamber, subjects drove a truck to a prespecified location for outside measurements. They performed 4 sets of 100-m walk with carrying 5-kg plate during the first 50-m walk at 100 m/min, separated by 7-min driving in each of the morning and the afternoon. Subjects could ingest water ad libitum in outside and set the cockpit temperature by themselves during driving. Thermal sensation and comfort were recorded using a subjective scale at the first and the last sets of each morning and afternoon session, while esophageal temperature (Tes) was monitored (thermocouples). Body weight was measured before and the end of experiment. We found that 1) whole-body comfort decreased in summer and the decrease was greater than winter with higher Tes and 2) changes in body weight were 0.7 and 0.3 kg through whole day in summer and winter, respectively. In summary, thermal comfort during working worsened in summer, possibly related with higher core temperature and greater decrease in body weight.

Growth and Immune Gene Expression by Dietary Supplementation of Mannan Oligosaccharide in Fry of Deccan Mahseer, Tor khudree

The present study was conducted during 2017 at wet laboratory of College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India to evaluate the effect of mannan oligosaccharide on growth and immune gene expression in fry of Deccan mahseer, Tor khudree (Sykes, 1839). In the experiment the fry (0.067±0.02 g) were stocked at a rate of 30 fry/50 L in a plastic tub. The fry was fed with 38% protein diet incorporated with different levels of MOS (0.0 g kg−1, 1.5 g kg−1, 3.0 g kg−1 and 4.5 g kg−1). The fry was fed for 60 days at a rate of 4% of body weight twice a day. The water was exchanged once a day that is in morning session to remove the uneaten feed and faecal matter. Among the experimental diets, the diet containing 3.0 g kg−1 MOS showed significantly higher growth as weight gain (402.43±15.17), length gain (70.023±0.75), specific growth rate (2.62±0.05), average daily growth rate (0.282±0.80) and survival percentage (81.99±1.3) as compared to other diets. Feed conversion ratio was better in diet containing 3.0 g kg−1 of MOS but there was no significant difference among the diets. In the immune gene expression study the primer were designed for the RT-PCR. Among which the housekeeping gene β-actin was amplified at 59°C. The above results indicate that incorporation of MOS at a rate of 3.0 g kg−1 of feed in diets of Deccan mahseer fry could enhance the growth performance and the feed conversion ratio.

How Patients and Doctors' Characteristics Affect the Length of Doctor-Patient Visit in the Oncology and the Hemato-Oncology Outpatient Clinics

▪Introduction: The relationship between doctors and their patients has received philosophical, sociological, and literary attention throughout history. Patients with cancer perceive their doctors as their primary source for information and support. In this study we narrowed our perspective on patient-doctors' bonding to a single dimension, the length of time doctors spends with their patients. A recently published study found that doctors estimate that they spend on average between 13 to 16 minutes with a patient. However, to our knowledge visit-time was never quantified. Methods: This study was conducted at the Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Israel. Since 2005 a customer-time management software (Q-Flow®) is routinely used in our institute. This software records the length of patients-physicians' meetings and provides patients' demographic data. With this software we collected data on all consecutive visits at the hemato-oncology and oncology outpatient clinics between January and December 2017. Additional data was collected from patients' electronic medical records. Results: During 2017, 10,513 patients visited the oncology and 3,314 patients visited the hemato-oncology outpatient clinics in our institute. The median number of visits per patient was 2 (range: 1 to 49). Altogether 57,922 visits were recorded in our Q-flow system. To exclude technical outliers, we analyzed 33,371 visits that ranged in length between the 25th and the 75th percentile. The median age of our patients was 67 years (range: 18 to 102) and 7,292 were females (54%). The median length of visit was 12.2 minutes (range: 2.1 to 21.5). It was longer during winter time (P<0.0001) and morning sessions (P<0.0001). 6,813 patients (68%) were seen by oncologists, 2,852 patients (28%) by hematologists and 347 patients (4%) were followed by both. Unexpectedly, we found that the median visit length at the oncology clinics was 13.5 minutes (range: 2.1 to 21.5) but only 10.5 minutes (range 2.1 to 21.5) in the hemato-oncology clinic (P<0.0001). This trend was kept also for the 347 patients that were followed in both clinics (P <0.0001). Yet, the mean number of visits per patient in the hematology clinic was 3.9 (s.d. = 4.4) and only 2.1 (s.d. 1.7) in the oncology clinic (p<0.0001). Both patients' and doctors' characteristics affected visits' length. For example, compared with their male colleagues, female doctors spent more time with their patients (p<0.0001) and senior doctors with more than 10 years' experience in hem/oncology spent significantly less time with patients compared with younger seniors (p<0.0001) or fellows (p<0.0001). Working burden defined by the number of visits per day that were assigned for each doctor was mildly and inversely correlated with visits' length (rp = -0.15 p<0.0001). As for patients' characteristics, regardless of doctors' gender, female patients had longer visits. On the other hand, across a wide age range (in patients younger than 70 years) visits were similar in length. Yet, above the age of 70 years, there was a strong correlation between age and visit length (rp =0.56, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Analyzing the length of visits in these clinics provided intriguing insights. Female doctors spend significantly more time with their patients. This is in line with recent studies showing superior outcome for patients treated by female doctors and might reflect a more thorough approach, a more empathic attitude or a more talkative behavior. Longer visits were also recorded for female patients regardless of doctors' gender. Likewise, senior doctors spend significantly less time with their patients. Working burden had only minor effect on visits' length. Nevertheless, we found a tradeoff between the number of visits per patient and the length of visits. In the hematology clinic patients were followed more frequently with shorter visits compared with those in the oncology clinics. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

A Role of Complementary Medicine in Rehabilitation of Military Traumatic Brain Injuries

Background: Military service members and veterans face health issues related to traumat-ic brain injury (TBI), especially during combat, use of heavy equipment, and exposures to environmental hazards and explosives. There were 1.000 TBIs reported in deployed Ukra-nian troops during Russian-Ukranian war in 2014–2017. Studies have indicated that some manual therapies could be helpful for treating patients who have post-concussive syndrome.&#x0D; Objective: This case series report de-scribes the effects of CranioSacral Therapy (CST), Visceral Manipulation (VM), and Neu-ro-muscular Manipulation (NM) modalities for treating patients who have post-concussion syndrome. The goal of this study was to evalu-ate these effects on immobility, pain intensity, quality of life, sleep disorders, and cognition in these patients.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This single-blind-ed case series was conducted at the Volunteer rehabilitation center, Dnipro, Ukraine. The pa-tients were 45 male participationers of Ukra-nian military forces who had been medically diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome. Each participant received a morning and af-ternoon 1-hour session of these three spe-cific manual therapies, which were capable of accessing and addressing the structural, vascular, and neuro-muscular tissues of the Cranium, Neck, Diafragm, Peritoneal bag and brain-as well addressing far-reaching ramifi-cations throughout the body following trauma. The main outcome measures were scores on the: Impact Neurocognitive Test; Blood Oxigen Saturation Test; Short Form-36 Quality of Life Survey, Headache Impact Test, a numeric pain rating scale; orthopedic range of motion tests (ROM); and vestibular testing. Hours of sleep were also checked. These outcome measures were registered at baseline, after treatment, and after a 3–6-month follow up.&#x0D; Results: Statistically significant differenc-es were seen with a decrease in overall pain rating scale scores (P = 0.034), and cranio-cer-vicogenic pain levels decreased (P = 0.047). There were statistically significant increases of blood oxigen saturation (P = 0.033), Mem-ory Test (P = 0.017) scores, and cervical ROM scores (P = 0.036). Hours of sleep averaged 1 hours on the first day of treatment and in-creased to 2.0 hours at the end of treatment. Results were continuing to increase, as noted at a 5-month evaluation.&#x0D; Conclusions: Six sessions of specific CST/VM/NM therapy resulted in statistically great-er improvements in pain intensity, ROM, mem-ory, cognition, blood oxigen saturation and breathing in concussed patients.

Diurnal Variations in Physical Performance: Are there Morning-to-Evening Differences in Elite Male Handball Players?

The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) morning-to-evening differences in physical performance with and without a ball; and 2) associations between sleep outcomes (duration and quality) and physical performance in handball players. Sixteen elite, male handball players (25.4 ± 5.8 yr, 94.0 ± 7.4 kg, 193.5 ± 7.5 cm) completed physical performance tests without a ball (a zig-zag test assessing closed-skill agility, linear sprints, and countermovement (CMJ) and squat jumps) and with a ball (a zig-zag test and linear sprints) in the morning and evening. In addition, sleep quality and quantity during the night before testing were obtained using self-reported measures. Superior physical performance was evident in all tests during the evening compared to the morning hours (p < 0.003). Specifically, jump height was moderately (effect size (ES) = 0.73 to 1.02) higher during the evening. Similarly, moderate (ES = 1.17) and large (ES = 1.67) improvements in zig-zag test performance were apparent during the evening with and without the ball, respectively. Also, large to very large (ES = 1.29 to 2.09) increases in sprint performance with and without the ball were evident in the evening. No significant correlations (p > 0.05) were apparent between sleep duration and quality and physical performance in both the morning and evening sessions. Diurnal variations in physical performance were apparent in elite male handball players with enhanced performance with and without the ball in the evening compared to morning hours. These findings indicate that morning-to-evening differences in physical performance should be considered when developing conditioning plans or preparing for competition in handball.