Moringa Research Articles

The degradation kinetics and mechanism of moringin in aqueous solution and the cytotoxicity of degraded products

In this work, we investigated the degradation of moringin (4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]-isothiocyanate), a major bioactive isothiocyanate (ITC) found in moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera Lam), at various food processing conditions. Moringin degrades rapidly to several water-soluble products via a pseudo-first-order kinetics. By analyzing the reaction products, the degradation mechanism was found to be through hydrolyzing to (A) 1-O-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl) α-l-rhamnopyranoside (rhamnobenzyl alcohol RBA) or (B) rhamnobenzylamine. The formed amine further reacts with moringin to form N,N′-bis{4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]}thiourea (di-rhamnobenzyl thiourea, DRBTU). In addition, moringin isomerizes to 4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]thiocyanate (RBTC), which further reacts with moringin to form S,N-bis{4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]}-dithiocarbamate (DRBDTC). Furthermore, pH was found to have an effect on the degradation of moringin. RBA and RBTC were major degraded products in neutral and acidic conditions while thiourea (DRBTU) was in alkaline condition. Although moringin showed higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells, its degraded products showed very weak or no activities, suggesting that the isothiocyanate group of ITCs is essential for their cancer chemoprevention activities.

Effects of Moringa Oleifera Seeds Aqueous Extract on Type-II Diabetic Nephropathy in Adult Male Albino Rat

Abstract Background: Because of the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating properties of Moringa oleifera,there is an increased interest in its potential capacity in the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus and lipids peroxidation. Aim of Study: Evaluating the potential antidiabetic efficacy and protective activities of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seeds in alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy. Material and Methods: This experimental study wasstarted in September and ended at November, 2020. It wasperformed at Medical Physiology Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Cairo. Fifty adult male albino rats of a local strain were distributed randomly into 5 equal groups: Normal control group, control group received aqueous extract of Moringa seeds (500ml/kg body weight orally for 10 weeks), diabetic control group received a single dose of alloxan (140mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally), diabetic group received aqueous extract of Moringa seeds (500ml/kg body weight orally 10 weeks), and diabetic group received Moringa seeds aqueous extract before and after induction of diabetes in the same pervious doses. Results: Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus was associated with significant higher levels of serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lowered level of insulin as compared to the control normal group. It was also associated with histopathological changes of renal tissues and impaired renal function in the form of significant elevations of serum K+, Na+, creatinine, urea and uric acid levels as compared to the control normal group. Also, there were significant disturbance of lipid peroxidation represented by MDA Level and significant decrease in SOD level as compared to the control normal group. Moringa oleifera seeds aqueous extract showed signif-icant lower levels of serum glucose, HbA1c and elevated level of insulin as compared with the diabetic rats. It was also associated with histological regeneration of damaged renal tissues and restoration of renal function in the form of signif-icant decrease of serum K+, Na+, creatinine, urea and uric acid levels as compared to the diabetic group. Also, there were significant amelioration of lipid peroxidation represented by significant decrease of MDA level, and significant increase of SOD level as compared to the control normal group. These results were prominent in pretreated group with Moringa seeds aqueous extract. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera improved glycemic and lipidemic disturbances as well as have potent protective and regenerative effects for the kidney.

<p><strong>Effects of temperature and treated urban wastewater on seed germination and seedling growth in different populations of<em> Moringa oleifera</em> (Lam.)</strong></p>

Drought is an environmental concern in North Africa. Hence, countries in this region promote treated wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation as sustainable practice in reducing the increasing stress on water resources. Here, we evaluated the treated urban wastewater (TUW) impact on seed germination and seedling growth of four Moringa oleifera (MO) populations in different temperature conditions. Seeds were brought from Morneg and Kairouan in Tunisia and from India and Egypt. Germination tests were performed using different TUW concentrations at 25 and 35°C for 9 days under darkness and distilled water for control. Parameters such as germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), shoot length (SL) and TUW half-maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) were measured. GP, MGT, and SL varied significantly with incubation temperature and seed source. Only SL did not show any significant variations in all TUW concentrations. Increased temperature had a positive influence on GP and SL; on the contrary, a negative impact on MGT was observed in Kairouan, Egyptian and Indian seeds. EC 50 evaluation showed that TUW was less harmful on Indian Moringa seeds. Seeds incubated at 25°C were structured into two groups: the first containing Morneg, Indian and Egyptian seeds; and the second one with Kairouan seeds. At 35°C, Egyptian seeds left the first group and joined the second indicating that their germination didn’t occur rapidly for temperature increase. Considering Tunisian climate conditions, results showed that Moringa oleifera is able to acclimatize to temperatures of this country.

Tolerance and adaptation mechanisms developed by Moringa oleifera (L) seeds under oxidative stress induced by salt stress during in vitro germination

<p>The current study explores the capacities of Moringa oleifera (L), to overcome and/or tolerate oxidative stress induced by a saline substrate as a constraining factor. For this, Moringa seeds have been treated for 15 days after germination in vitro with increasing concentrations of NaCl, and specifically at 0 (control), 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5 and 15g l-1. Morpho-physiological and biochemical aspects were evaluated which were considered as probable indicators of tolerance or sensitivity to this stress. Our results reveal an increased synthesis of proline, lipids, proteins, CAT, GPX, APX, flavonoids, condensed tannins and a decrease in total polyphenols (-29.97%), mainly due to their high carbon cost. The state of degradation of the cell membranes was evaluated by the MDA assay, which increased by 91.25%. On the other hand, the evaluation of the oxidative damage caused by Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) was detected by H2O2, which decreased by 37.89%. Additionally, our results revealed a disturbance of the germinative power of the seeds indicating moderate resistance to stress as it was manifested by the development of epicotyledonary axes, even under 15 g l-1 of NaCl without showing symptoms of stress or sensitivity. This result supports our hypothesis of the ability of the species to maintain or even improve its oxidative status.</p>

Experimental Evidence of the Dependence of Oil Extraction Rate on Extraction Time and Structure of Generative Material

Background: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the extraction of oils from pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds and Moringa seeds have been carried out at temperatures of 56 and 54°C. The extraction process was found to be exothermic and the kinetic constants in the three cases determined. It was also observed that the rate of extraction was dependent on extraction time and structural organization of the seeds. The kinetic constants are expected to provide information on the structural organization (crystalline, smectic, nematic or amorphous) of the seeds generating these oils. The enthalpies and entropies of extraction were calculated and a comparison of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters obtained in the 3 cases was made.
 Aim and Objective: This work was designed to extract oils from pumpkin, sesame and Moringa seeds and to determine the kinetics and thermodynnamics of the extraction process at the given temperatures using petroleum ether as solvent.
 Methodology: Ten grammes of seeds powder have been introduced in cellulose porous cartridge of 33 X 205 mm and all has been put in soxhlet extractor. In a 1000 mL thrice necked bahloon- flash fitted of a thermometer, 450 mL of petroleum ether (40°-60°c, ϱ=0,65 kg/L) have been introduced as solvent. The fitting out of soxhlet has been done on heating skull cap (mark thermo scientific) in fixing temperature at 56°C(or 54°C for sesame) in balloon flask during a given extraction time. To maintain the temperature constant during the experiment, the heating skull cap has been covered of aluminium paper as heat insulating. The ambient temperature has been kept at 22-23°C. After a given extraction time, the cartridge has been taken up to be dried in the drying oven at 50°C during 24 hours in order to get rid of traces of solvent. The oil-solvent mixture collected in the 1000 mL thrice necked balloon-flask is submitted to rotary evaporator to remove the solvent and the balloon flask with extracted oil is introduced in the drying oven at 105°C during 3 hours to eliminate totally all the traces of humidity.
 After this step the balloon flask with oil is cooled in a dessicator and weighed. The difference between the balloon flask containing oil and the empty balloon flask determines the extracted oil mass at a t time in gramme.
 Results: The kinetic constants, enthalpies and entropies of the extraction process of the oils from the three different seeds were calculated and compared. In all cases, the rate of oil extraction was found to be directly proportional to time of extraction and structure of the seeds. 
 Conclusion: The kinetic and thermodynamic study of the extraction of oils from pumpkin, sesame and Moringa seeds show that the extraction was an exothermic balanced phenomenon. The energy thus released by this operation can be used to perform mechanical or electrical work. As for the kinetic constants, they are greater in an amorphous body where the entropy is greater. In such a case, the oil extracted was much more under the same temperature and pressure conditions for a given solvent. Under these conditions, the extraction was dependent not only on time, but also on the structural organization of the material generating the oil.

A comparative study of heavy metals removal using agricultural waste biosorbents

The adsorption capabilities of rice husk, coconut coir and moringa seeds were evaluated for the first time under the same experimental conditions for the removal of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn from underground water. The effects of adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time were studied. Copper and nickel were removed up to 99%, using rice husk, coconut coir and moringa seeds. Zinc concentrations can only be reduced to up to 70% using rice husk. However, removal was reached 99% when coconut coir and moringa seeds were used. Moring seeds showed the highest adsorption capacities (Zn = 42.3 mg g−1, Cu = 23.3 mg g−1, Ni = 16.1 mg g−1) among the biosorbents tested. Nickel was the least adsorbed heavy metal for all biosorbents studied. Moringa seeds leached sulfur at acidic pH values (< 4). Models showed that adsorption using these biosorbents follows Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second order kinetic.

Phytochemical’s Content of Herbal Teas Formulated from Dried Moringa (Moringa Stenopetala) and Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) Leaves

Herbal teas that refer to any green or leafy part of a plant are gaining popularity because of their health benefits. The demand for Moringa and Stevia currently increased in Ethiopia due to their nutritional and medicinal values. However, there is no work on their herbal tea formulation and their phytochemicals content determination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical contents of herbal teas formulated from dried leaves of Moringa and Stevia. Seven Moringa-based herbal teas were brewed with Stevia ranging from 0 to 35% with five-level (5) and compared for their total phenolic, total flavonoid, and condensed tannin. The 100% Moringa tea infusion was considered as control. The results showed that herbal tea brewed with 25-35% stevia in the formulation results in the highest total phenolic, total flavonoid, and condensed tannin) values comparable to control. This study provides evidence that adding stevia to Moringa improves the phytochemicals content of moringa without compromising its health-promoting compounds.

Influence of Extraction temperature on the Phenolic compounds and Antioxidant Capacity from Moringa oleifera Leaves

Influence of Extraction temperature on the Phenolic compounds and Antioxidant Capacity from Moringa oleifera Leaves

Evaluation of Moringa Peregrina (Forsk) Fiori, Leaf and Seed Extract Against Multidrug Resistant Strains of Bacteria and Fungus of Clinical Origin

The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganism strains has become a critical concern in the treatment of infectious diseases and makes the search of an alternative therapy a must. The study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the Moringa peregrina (MP) leave (MPL) and seed (MPS) extracts. Antimicrobial assays were performed using a microplate growth inhibition assay against 11 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Following qualitative analysis, dose-response assays were performed using the MTT colorimetric assay. The results showed a strong correlation between the MPL and MPS extract concentration and growth inhibition (P&lt;0.001). MP extract revealed a remarkable antimicrobial effect and inhibited the growth and survival of MDR pathogens which include Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella pneumonia; Acinetobacter baumannii; Staphylococcus aureus between (88.6-94.7 %) and between (62.3- 88.7%) against Candida Kefyer; Candida parapsilosis; Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum. MIC50 ranging from ≤6.25 to 25 mg/mL. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most susceptible to MP extracts (MIC50 &lt; 6.25 mg/mL). These results support the use of MP in Arab traditional medicine as natural antimicrobial agents. Additionally, the use of such naturally occurring adjuvant derived from medicinal plants can be used as an adjuvant with synthetic antibiotics to combat bacterial resistance and to enhance the antibacterial potential. Further studies are recommended on isolation and purification of novel antimicrobial molecules to treat the infections caused by microbes.

Comparative study on germination, growth and gas exchanges of the tropics’ tree Moringa oleifera and its desert relative Moringa peregrina under saline conditions

Salinity is a major environmental restraint in arid and semi-arid regions. Excessive amounts of salt in natural soils and in saline irrigation reduce seed germination and plant growth of most plants in the agricultural lands of these regions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of salinity on seed germination, growth performance, and physiological processes; such as chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and gas exchange of two Moringa species, Moringa oleifera and Moringa peregrina. Salinity treatments comprised 5 NaCl concentrations; (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM). The germination test took place in petri dishes, while plants were grown in pots under controlled environments inside plant growth chambers. Results showed that seed germination was significantly affected by salinity. The effect of salinity on germination performance differed between the two species. For example, none of the two Moringa seeds germinated at the high level of salinity (200 mM), while M. oleifera seeds germinated at 150 mM and those of M. peregrina showed no signs of germination. Results demonstrated that salinity significantly reduced all growth parameters of the two Moringa species. However, low salinity (50 mM) enhanced all growth parameters and the photosynthetic performance of the two Moringa species compared to the control plants. The chlorophyll content was not affected by salinity for both species, but the saturation rate of photosynthesis was inhibited, and in particular under high NaCl concentration. The effect of salinity on quantum yield followed the same effect pattern as for the saturation rate of photosynthesis, while the (Fv/Fm) was not significantly affected. The two species of Moringa, M. oleifera and M. peregrina differed in the mechanisms of salt tolerance; for example, M. oleifera expressed high salt tolerance at germination phase, whereas M. peregrina demonstrated high photosynthesis rates at low and medium levels of salinity. The physiological responses of M. peregrina to withstand medium levels of salinity makes it a more successful species in harsh environments such as that of Saudi Arabia.

Research and development of moringa in China

Research and development of moringa in China

Developing the lesson plan of STEM education: designing Moringa leaf tea

The paper will clarify STEM education learning activity of the designing Moringa leaf tea. The STEM education learning activity will be developed based on Sutaphan and Yuenyong [17] the context-based STEM education learning approach. The activity will start from identification of social issue of designing the tea from the Moringa leaf that Indonesian people usually eat Moringa leaves as a vegetable. The issue of making a tea from moringa leaf could motivate students to design not only moringa tea but also various favor of teas, label or packaging. Then, the lesson plan will provide activities regarding on the 7 stages of Sutaphan and Yuenyong [17] the context-based STEM education in order to scaffold students to practice knowledge for designing some technology prototypes or products through engineer design process. For making something related to moringa tea, the lesson plan will provide students chance to practice integration of knowledge. These knowledges include chemistry (e.g. temperature, oxidation, basic measurement skills), Physics (e.g. heat transfer, energy), mathematics (e.g. the ratio of the ingredients, measurement skills, conversion of units), arts (e.g. creative packaging and presentation of their Moringa Leaf Tea and the flavor variant), and so on. This paper may have implications for designing STEM education learning activities.

Comparative study on bio-fungicidal effects of moringa and green tea against postharvest pathogens of avocado fruit

Comparative study on bio-fungicidal effects of moringa and green tea against postharvest pathogens of avocado fruit

Prospective applications of biogenic silver nanoparticles by Moringa oleifera: Apoptosis induction, HT-29 cell cycle arrest, microbial growth inhibition and immune cell activation

Objective(s): Moringa oleifera plant is native to several countries and being used in traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of M. oleifera leaves acetone extract (MOLAExt), with or without nanoparticles of silver (AgNPs) on cancer cells, bacteria, immune cells and antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: MOLAExt was used to prepare AgNPs. AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis-NIR, XRD and SEM. Functional groups, sugars, reactive oxygen species and proteins in the extract were explored and the biological properties were tested. Results: Results demonstrated that AgNPs were of 59 nm in diameter. MOLAExt contained active biomolecules and ROS but no sugars and proteins were detected. MOLAExt and MOLAExt+AgNPs caused a moderate antibacterial action, an increase in apoptotic cells number and in p53 protein expression, and arrested HT-29 colon cancer cell line at G2/M phase, stimulated splenocytes growth and had antioxidant activity.Conclusion: MOLAExt and MOLAExt+AgNP caused apoptosis in cancer cells and stimulated immune cells suggesting that it can be used as anticancer agents.

Kunyima Method Validity in Sesame Seeds Oil Extraction "Democratic Republic of Congo"

Background: The very rich vegetable patrimony of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) demands a local abundant production of its fruits, roots and seeds by means of appropriate technology to relieve somewhat the problem of population health because indeed those fruits, seeds, roots and leaves are reputed to have very excellent virtues in various fields such as medicine, pharmacology, cosmetic products, food and so forth. Prior to this work papers have been published on Gourd seeds oil and Moringa seeds oil extractions in order to size a continuous stirrer pilot tank of extraction. KUNYIMA method has been successfully used and is still successfully used in this present article concerning sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds oil extraction in dilute medium.&#x0D; Aim and Objective: In this paper it can be seen the reasoning leading to KUNYIMA method is relevant and can be used to size commercial tank giving thus home rational technology.&#x0D; Methodology: The Soxhlet extraction of oil from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds has been performed in dilute medium using petroleum ether as solvent.&#x0D; Results: The obtained results are satisfactory and are perfectly in agreement with the proposed model. Commercial tank construction on rational calculation is now possible.&#x0D; Conclusion: KUNYIMA method once more is valid and allows to calculate the sizing factor needful to determine the reactor optimal volume.

Nutritional Evaluation of Unripe Plantain, Moringa Seed and Defatted Sesame Seed Cookies

Cookies are widely consumed all over the world and can bring important nutrients, especially to children. Composite ours consisting of plantain, moringa seed and sesame seeds were used to produce cookies in this study. Response surface methodology was employed in setting up the cookie's formulation. The samples with the best protein and fibre contents were sample F (71.34% plantain, 6.66% moringa and 22.00% sesame seed, with 14.08% protein and 3.02% fibre) and sample I (68.00% plantain, 10.00% moringa and 22.00% sesame seed, with 14.35% protein and 2.29% fibre). Cookies from 100% wheat flour were prepared as control. The protein, fat, ash and crude fibre contents of formulated cookies were significantly (p≤0.05) higher than control, whereas carbohydrate content was lower. There was no significant difference between the formulated cookies and the control in terms of overall acceptability, aroma and crunchiness. The formulated cookies showed higher biological value, net protein utilization, true digestibility, protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio and protein retention efficiency than control, resulting in a significant increase in rat growth and development. The composite cookies containing unripe plantain, moringa seed and defatted sesame, at the blending ratio obtained in this study showed better nutritional quality than control cookies. These composite cookies, therefore, would be suitable for mitigating protein energy malnutrition in children.

Toxicity of Methanolic Extracts of Seeds of Moringa stenopetala, Moringaceae in Rat Embryos and Fetuses

Moringa stenopetala is a medicinal plant that has been used in Ethiopian traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and stomach pain. The study is aimed at assessing the toxicity of the methanol extracts of the seeds of Moringa stenopetala on the developing embryo and fetuses of rats. The seeds of Moringa were extracted by maceration using 80% methanol. The extract (250–1000 mg/kg) was orally administered to pregnant Swiss albino rats from days 6 to12 of gestation. Embryos and fetuses were recovered by laparotomy on gestational day 12 and day 20, respectively, and were assessed for developmental anomalies. On day 20, significant prenatal growth retardation such as reduced litter weight and crown-rump length were observed in near term fetuses of 1000 mg/kg treated rats. Litter weight in 1000 mg/kg and pair-fed control groups was 2.41 g ± 0.108 and 3.08 g ± 0.093, respectively. Delay in the development of an otic, optic, and olfactory system, as well as a reduction in a number of branchial bars, occurred on day 12 embryos of 1000 mg/kg treated rats. The rate of fetal resorption in 1000 mg/kg and pair-fed control groups was 1.6 ± 0.55 and 0.42 ± 0.52, respectively. There was also a high incidence of fetal death in the 1000 mg/kg treated group but it was not statistically significant. The offspring's of Moringa-treated rats did not show gross external malformations at all doses. These findings suggest that the methanol seed extract of Moringa stenopetala is not safe to rat embryos and fetuses. Its toxic effects were evidenced by a significant delay in embryonic and fetal development and an increase in fetal resorptions and fetal death.

Convective drying of Moringa oleifera seeds: kinetics modelling and effects on oil yield from different extraction techniques

This work shows the convective drying kinetics of moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera L) at different drying temperatures 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C and the effect drying on the extracted oil yield. Four simplified models were fitted to the kinetics data, and a phenomenological mathematical model (PMM) was developed to describe the process. The simplified model that better represented the experimental data was Verma, with a global relative mean error of 1.31%. The PMM with the use of an equilibrium boundary condition at the surface produced better results than those obtained when considering the convective condition, indicating that the effects of external mass transfer resistance are neglected. The moringa oil was extracted from all dried seeds conditions using different extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet technique, ultrasound-assisted, and mechanical extraction; and the maximum oil yield obtained for dry seeds was 43.06%, 31.53%, and 24.93% respectively. All drying temperatures of the moringa seed do not show influence the oil yield obtained in each extraction method used.

The Effect Of MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) And Origin Of Stem Cutting On Growth Moringa Olifera (Moringa) Plant Seeds

Moringa olifera is known worldwide as a nutritious plant and WHO has introduced Moringa as an alternative food to overcome nutritional problems (malnutrition). Moringa plants are sought after because they can be processed into a variety of herbal medicines to raw materials for skincare products. "Moringa seeds and leaves are in a trend to be used for processed skincare products because of the nutrients they contain. This research was conducted from March 2020 until June 2020 in the village of Sei Karang, Stabat Subdistrict, Langkat Regency using a factorial randomized block design with 2 levels of treatment ie without MSG (P0), 2 g / 5 liters of water (P1), 5 g / 5 liters of water (P2), 7 g / 5 liters of water (P3), and stem cuttings (W1), middle cuttings (W2) and tip cuttings (W3). The results showed that the treatment of cuttings in the middle (W1) showed the highest with a value of 9.67 on the observation of the number of shoots, while the interaction of MSG and the origin of cuttings showed a significant effect on the emergence of the highest treatment shoots at P1W1 (2.5 g / 5 liters of water and stem section) with a value of 12.67 days and observation of root length in the P2W2 treatment (5 g / 5 liters of water and the middle section) with a value of 10.67

Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of Herbal Teas Formulated From Dried Moringa (Moringa Stenopetala) and Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) Leaves

Herbal teas are gaining popularity and acceptance due to their sensory and health benefits. The demand for moringa tea currently increased in Ethiopia due to its nutritional and medicinal values. However, using moringa alone is difficult due to its poor sensory appeal and adding sugar to enhance the sensory has implications for health. The purpose of this study was to optimize the sensory properties (taste and aroma) of formulated herbal teas in addition to evaluating the antioxidant properties of the formulated herbal tea from dried moringa and stevia leaves. Seven moringa-based herbal teas were brewed with stevia ranging from 0 to 35% with five-level (5) and compared for their sensory and antioxidant properties. The moringa tea infusion and commercial green tea were considered as control. The results of sensory analysis showed that herbal tea brewed with 20- 35% stevia in the formulation results in higher sweetness compared to 100%-moringa and green tea. Herbal tea brewed with 20-35% stevia in the formulation results in the highest in antioxidant (DPPH scavenging capacity, ferric reducing power and total antioxidant activities) values comparable to 100%-moringa. This study provides evidence that adding stevia to moringa improves the sensory and antioxidant properties without compromising its health-promoting compounds.