Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganism strains has become a critical concern in the treatment of infectious diseases and makes the search of an alternative therapy a must. The study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the Moringa peregrina (MP) leave (MPL) and seed (MPS) extracts. Antimicrobial assays were performed using a microplate growth inhibition assay against 11 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Following qualitative analysis, dose-response assays were performed using the MTT colorimetric assay. The results showed a strong correlation between the MPL and MPS extract concentration and growth inhibition (P<0.001). MP extract revealed a remarkable antimicrobial effect and inhibited the growth and survival of MDR pathogens which include Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella pneumonia; Acinetobacter baumannii; Staphylococcus aureus between (88.6-94.7 %) and between (62.3- 88.7%) against Candida Kefyer; Candida parapsilosis; Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum. MIC50 ranging from ≤6.25 to 25 mg/mL. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most susceptible to MP extracts (MIC50 < 6.25 mg/mL). These results support the use of MP in Arab traditional medicine as natural antimicrobial agents. Additionally, the use of such naturally occurring adjuvant derived from medicinal plants can be used as an adjuvant with synthetic antibiotics to combat bacterial resistance and to enhance the antibacterial potential. Further studies are recommended on isolation and purification of novel antimicrobial molecules to treat the infections caused by microbes.
Highlights
Infectious diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating it to account for 50% of all deaths in tropical countries
We focused upon the effect of Moringa peregrina extracts from leaves (MPL) and seeds (MPS) to observe its efficacy as an anti-microbial agent on a panel of 5 bacterial strains belonging to Gram-negative and positive bacteria including multidrug-resistant strains Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) ATCC27853, extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) ATCC 700603 and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumanii) clinical isolate and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923; and (4) Pathogen yeast including Candida Kefyer (C. kefyer), Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis) Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida glabrata (C. glabrata); and 2 molds including Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum)
The results of this study validates the effects of ethanol extract of the leaves and seeds of Moringa peregrina (MP) as antimicrobial agents to fight various pathogens in Saudi folk medicine
Summary
Infectious diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating it to account for 50% of all deaths in tropical countries. Widespread multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria necessitate a regular substitute of new drug sources for the effective treatment of infectious diseases (Khan et al, 2009) which includes newer classes of antibacterial from either synthetic or natural sources and inhibit these resistance mechanisms (Soares et al 2019). There is a great need for new sources of antimicrobial agents to fight MDR strain infection and the WHO has recommended the member states to develop effective drugs to fight against this issue (Silver and Bostian, 1993). Various biological activities of M. peregrina have been exhaustively studied; the present investigation was undertaken of locally grown Moringa peregrina ethanol extract of leaves and seed kernel for their antimicrobial activity on multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi isolates
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