Moringa Tree Research Articles

Optimization of growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Moringa stenopetala from shoot explants

BackgroundMoringa stenopetala belongs to the flowering family Moringaceae and genus Moringa. It is often referred to as the East African Moringa tree because it is native only to southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. The expansion of its cultivation and utilization throughout the world especially in Africa is becoming important. For such expansion, the existing propagation method is limiting, so it needs a good propagation system to supply enough planting material with a uniform genotype. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to optimize an in vitro shoot multiplication protocol for M. stenopetala by using shoot tip as explants.ResultsShoots were sterilized and cultured on Muraghige and Skoog (MS) medium for in vitro shoot initiation. For multiple shoot induction, the explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of kinetin (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mg/L) with Indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) or α -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 mg/L) and maintained at 25 ± 2 °C for four weeks. Rooting was achieved by culturing well developed shoots in half-strength MS medium containing IBA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L), NAA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L), and 0.5 mg/L IBA with NAA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L). Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among all treatments applied in both shoot multiplication and rooting experiments. The maximum number of shoots per explant (3.43 ± 1.41) and 7.97 ± 4.18 leaves per explant were obtained on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L kinetin with 0.01 mg/LNAA. The highest mean number of roots per shoot (1.63 ± 1.03) and mean root length (0.87 ± 1.22 cm) were obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/LNAA and 0.1 mg/LIBA alone respectively. After acclimatization, 76% of plants were survived in the greenhouse.ConclusionIn general, using NAA with kinetin for shoot multiplication was effective than kinetin with IBA. On the other hand, the application of 1.0 mg/L NAA alone and 1.0 mg/L NAA with 0.5 mg/L IBA were more effective for root induction.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Moringa Tree: An Overview

Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Lam or “kelor”, a common name amongst Indonesian, belongs to the Moringaceae family. It is widely cultivated in India and known as nutritional herbs. Every part of these plants possess a valuable medicinal property. Universally known with the name “horseradish plant” or “drumstick plant” consists of biological exertion such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, treat malnutrition, and beneficial as concentration enhancer and as well as wound healing enterprise. So, the aim of the present review is to present comprehensive information on the traditional uses, phytochemical compound, and pharmacology activities of the medicinal plant, M. oleifera, from recognized sources. In the effort in future studies to develop a novel therapeutic medicine, the information provided in this review will be useful.

Potential of Germination in Selected Conditions to Improve the Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.).

Moringa oleifera L. is greatly appreciated for its high content of phytochemicals. Although most parts of moringa tree have been widely studied, seeds remained scarcely explored. The first goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of germination to improve the nutritional composition (proximate composition and levels of vitamins B1 and B2), content of bioactive compounds (glucosinolates, phenolics and γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA) and antioxidant activity of moringa seed. Germination improved protein, fat, fiber, riboflavin, phenolics, some individual glucosinolates (GLS) and GABA contents, as well as the antioxidant potential in moringa sprouts, but the extent of the improvement depended on germination conditions. The second objective of this work was to identify the optimal germination conditions to maximize nutritional and bioactive quality of moringa by applying multi-response optimization (response surface methodology, RSM). RSM models indicated that 28 °C and 24 h were the optimal conditions to enhance the accumulation of riboflavin, phenolics and antioxidant activity of sprouts, while the highest GABA and total GLS contents were observed at 36 °C for 96 h and thiamine achieved the maximum content at 36 °C for 24 h. These results show that moringa sprouts are promising functional foods that might be also used as ingredients for the elaboration of novel foodstuffs.

PENANAMAN MORINGA OLEIFERA UNTUK PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DAN PENGHIJAUAN DI DUSUN TAMBAK REJO MOJOKERTO

ABSTRACT
 Tambak Rejo Village has a fairly arid area in the dry season and in areas that are flooded by rivers experiencing flooding in the rainy season. In the dry season the conditions of the settlement are hot because few plants can grow. Only certain plants can flourish in the area. Moringa plants are plants that are easy to plant and also have very good endurance in the event of seasonal changes. Moringa plants which have the Latin name Moringa oleifera can grow up to 7 meters high or even 12 meters tall. Moringa tree in addition to greening on arid land, has many benefits in the field of health both leaves, bark or fruit and seeds. The leaves can be made into useful vegetables to increase endurance and improve the digestive system. The procedure of this community service activity starts from the team coordinating with partners. The implementation begins with coordination with partners to determine the schedule of activities. The socialization of the benefits of moringa oleifera was carried out in Tambak Rejo Village, attended by 68 residents. After the socialization continued with the distribution of Moringa oleifera seeds to the people who attended. The team gave examples of planting and monitored the process of planting moringa oleifera in Tambak Rejo Village. The results of the evaluation of Moringa oleifera plants grow well and are well groomed. Residents have used the leaves for consumption as a daily vegetable menu. The targets of community service are greening on arid land and the use of moringa oleifera to improve public health.

Eco-agriculture and Renewable Energy System Concept for a Rural Community in Ghana

Eco-agriculture is the trend of rural development in this age. This research uses the moringa tree as an example to build up the eco-agricultural and renewable framework for a typical village in Ghana. An energy balance is analyzed using an urbs tool, while business and financial models are built up following MVP (minimum viable product).

The Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Silver Nanoparticles on Human Kasumi-1 Cells.

BackgroundMoringa oleifera, commonly known as “moringa”, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions across the globe. Extensive studies have shown that various parts of the moringa tree exhibit anti-cancer properties. This study determined the effects of sequential moringa leaf extracts and silver nanoparticles synthesized from moringa leaf extract on Kasumi-1 leukemia cells.Methods and ResultsDried moringa leaf powder was sequentially extracted with the assistance of ultrasound starting with absolute ethanol, followed by 50% ethanol, and finally, deionized water. The aqueous extract was utilized to synthesize silver nanoparticles. The optimum conditions to generate moringa silver nanoparticles (MO-AgNPs) were eight hours of incubation at 60°C with 1 mM silver nitrate and 1% moringa aqueous extract from sequential extraction. The three extracts and MO-AgNPs were used to treat Kasumi-1 cells for 24, 48, 72 hours with concentrations ranging from 400 to 12.5 µg/mL, while cell viability was determined with 3(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. After 72 hours of treatment, the moringa leaf absolute ethanol extract displayed the strongest inhibitory effects on Kasumi-1 cells with IC50 of 10 µg/mL, in comparison to moringa leaf 50% ethanol extract (25 µg/mL) and aqueous extract (>400 µg/mL). Interestingly, MO-AgNPs exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effects on Kasumi-1 cells with an IC50 of 7.5 µg/mL. Cytotoxic study on normal CD34+ cells treated with up to 50ug/mL of either MO-AgNPs or ethanol extract still had more than 80% cell viability indicating that the treatments have selective cytotoxicity against the cancer cells. Morphological studies of Kasumi-1 cells treated with IC50 of moringa leaf ethanolic extract and MO-AgNPs show a lot of shrinking, dying cells and cell debris. Cell cycle studies displayed an increase in cells at the G1 phase for ethanol leaf extract, while MO-AgNPs caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase after treatment with IC50 dose for 24 hours. Moringa leaf ethanol extract and the nanoparticles induced apoptosis in Kasumi-1 cells as shown by annexin V – FITC assays. Gene expression analysis by qPCR verified these outcomes, as the moringa leaf ethanol extract led to significant upregulation of proapoptotic gene caspase 8, whereas the MO-AgNPs caused a significant increase of proapoptotic protein BID.ConclusionThis study reveals that moringa ethanolic leaf extract and MO-AgNPs induced potent antiproliferative effects in Kasumi-1 cells by apoptosis.

Algorithm for sustainable water source and treatment selection process

Abstract World water supply is lacking in many places, making sanitation and reuse methods important. A new algorithm entitled ‘Drinking Water Source and Treatment Selection’ (DWSTS) to more sustainably select and compare water sources and treatment methods is introduced and demonstrated. Sustainability factors included in DWSTS include economic, social, and technical. DWSTS charts produced using this new method are an improvement over more traditional performance measures since they compare water sources based on a spectrum of considerations. The DWSTS method is demonstrated in a representative town. In water-scarce Muslim communities, the practice of ablution offers an opportunity for gray water reuse. Treating and reusing ablution gray water (AGW) was evaluated as part of the new DWSTS algorithm. Investigatory tools included in the new method were: household water use surveys, opinion leader interviews, an AGW collection device prototype design, treatment identification and testing, and comparison of attributes to those of existing water sources. Treatment methods examined were locally-made clay pot filter, coagulation and settling using moringa tree seeds, and P&G™ Purifier of Water. The DWSTS charts developed indicate AGW reuse could be socially acceptable, has potential to provide quality water, and would be financially competitive with existing sources. The DWSTS resulted in a more robust and environmentally sustainable solution than the conventional approach of simply considering cost.

Moringa oleifera L. Extracts as Bioactive Ingredients That Increase Safety of Body Wash Cosmetics.

The work attempts to obtain a multifunctional plant extract derived from Moringa tree leaves. Obtained results indicate a strong antioxidant potential of the tested extracts. It was shown that Moringa oleifera leaf extract is a rich source of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, it shows a strong antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals. In vitro toxicity studies showed that the tested extracts in concentrations up to 5% showed a positive effect on cell proliferation and metabolism and may contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress in cells. It was noted that the tested model formulation of cosmetic (1% SCS) with the addition of different types of extracts might contribute to the reduction of skin irritation and improve the safety of the product.

Therapeutic benefits of Moringa oleifera: A Mini Review

There are about thirteen species of Moringa trees in the family Moringaceae. Moringa oleifera Lam. (synonym: Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.) is the most widely known species and reported many therapeutics uses in previous years. All part of the Moringa tree is useful in some way and people depends on it for their livelihood. The leaves of the Moringa tree are an excellent source of Nutrients like Minerals, Protein and Vitamins (A and C). Moringa tree has approximately 46 antioxidants and it is one of the cheapest sources of natural anti-oxidants. Anti-oxidants supply the free atoms needed by the human body and mitigate the effect of free radicals. M. oleifera contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, phenolics, and triterpenoids which possess antibacterial effects. Moringa oleifera has high mineral and protein content and has been previously investigated for its potential in treating different oral soft tissue diseases. Present review summarises the various medicinal uses of Moringa oleifera. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, anti-inflammatory, Oral diseases, anti-diabetic

Spectral analysis of Miracle Moringa tree leaves using X-ray photoelectron, laser induced breakdown and inductively coupled plasma -optical emission spectroscopic techniques

The antioxidant Moringa oleifera (a medicinal plant) leaves (MOLs) containing diverse nutrients are highly beneficial for the human health. The MOLs upon consumption can lower the blood sugar, cure the heart diseases, and reduce the inflammation. In this perception, the “primary nutrients contents” in the dry MOLs (pellet samples) were evaluated for the first time using the XPS, LIBS and ICP-OES techniques. The XPS analysis of the MOLs showed the presence of vital elements like calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn). The LIBS analyses of the MOLs revealed the atomic and ionic spectral lines corresponding to the essential nutrients such as the Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu, P, S and Zn. The calibration free LIBS algorithm (CF-LIBSA) was developed to quantify the content of each element in the dry MOLs. In addition, the LIBS results were validated by the analysis using ICP-OES standard analytical technique. The elemental contents in the MOLs obtained from the CF-LIBS analyses were counter verified by the ICP-OES results. Present results are highly valuable for the development of a traditional herbal medicine using the miracle MOLs.

Diversification of Biscuit Product using Moringa Oleifera Flour as an Additional Source of Nutrition

Nicknames for the Moringa tree include the Miracle Tree, the Tree of Life, and the Amazing Tree. One of the most prominent content of Moringa plants is antioxidants, especially in leaves that contain the highest antioxidants. This research is entitled Biscuit Product Development by utilizing Moringa Oleifera Flour as an additional source of nutrition, this study refers to the research master plan of the Sriwijaya State Polytechnic which aims to obtain useful products that can be marketed and increase product added value. The main objective of this research was to determine the effect of adding Moringa leaf flour to the quality of biscuits. The results showed that the addition of moringa leaf flour affected the water content, ash content, protein, calcium and vitamin C. The panelist cho ice biscuits were formula F2 biscuits with the addition of 2 grams of Moringa leaf flour or 0.1% and the result of formula F2 analysis was the water content by 3.85%, Ash content 0.78%, Protein 6.37% Calcium 164 mg/g sample, vitamin C 0.13%.

Moringa oleifira noise: Science or quackery and the way forward

The moringa tree is a rising star in South Africa where it is increasingly playing a variety of social and economic roles, especially among the rural poor. Also known as the horseradish tree, moringa has been referred to as the miracle or magic tree because of its reported health, nutrition and some industrial applications. Through document review, this paper reviews these claims that include the treatment of cancer and diabetes, and its nutritional value to humans, livestock and crops plants, among other applications. Drawing from lessons in the commercialization of Rooibos and cannabis cases, the article highlights learning points that could aid South Africa identify and commercialize some aspects of the moringa as part of its economic development efforts and creating the envisaged knowledge economy.

Pharmacological Application of Moringa oleifera: A Mini Review

All part of the Moringa tree is useful in some way and people depends on it for their livelihood. Oral diseases persist to be a major health problem all over the world. Various microorganisms are found to be the possible pathogens responsible for the oral diseases. The leaves of the Moringa tree are an excellent source of Nutrients like Minerals, Protein and Vitamins (A and C). Moringa tree has approximately 46 antioxidants and it is one of the cheapest sources of natural anti-oxidants. Anti-oxidants supply the free atoms needed by the human body and mitigate the effect of free radicals. M. oleifera contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, phenolics, and triterpenoids which possess antibacterial effects. Moringa oleifera has high mineral and protein content and has been previously investigated for its potential in treating different oral soft tissue diseases. This review explores the various pharmacological application of Moringa oleifera
 Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Anti-oxidants, Minerals, Vitamins

Comparative evaluation of fodder qualities in different parts of locally available moringa (Moringa oleifera) strains

An experiment was conducted at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana) to generate precise information on nutritional qualities of leaves, twigs and leaves with twigs parts of Moringa oleifera strains. The samples were collected from 5 years old established moringa trees from research farm of NDRI, Karnal. Total six treatments were formed by using the two locally available moriga strains, i.e. Rajasthan local and Haryana local strain, and three types of samples obtained from each strain, i.e. leaves, tender green twigs and leaves with twigs. The treatments were replicated four times and statistically analyzed by using randomized block design (RBD). The results showed that highest value of crude protein, ether extract, total ash, digestible dry matter, relative feed value and net energy for lactation was found in leaves of Haryana local strain of moringa, however, leaves of Rajasthan local strain of moringa also recorded at par value of ether extract, total ash, digestible dry matter and net energy for lactation with leaves of Haryana local. Twigs of both Rajasthan and Haryana local strain of moringa recorded at par value of dry matter content, NDF and ADF.Further, highest value of P, S, Zn, Cu and Mn was found in leaves of Rajasthan local strain of moringa, whereas, highest value of N, Ca, Mg and Fe was found in leaves of Haryana local strain of moringa. However, leaves of both Rajasthan and Haryana local strain of moringa recorded at par values of P, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn.

Introduction and expansion of Moringa oleifera Lam. in Botswana: Current status and potential for commercialization

A survey was conducted to document the history of introduction of Moringa oleifera, its current uses as well as potential for expansion and commercialization in Botswana. The study was conducted between February and December 2018 in Gaborone by interviewing a total of 20 households who have planted trees of Moringa in their backyards. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed, field tested, revised based on the feedback from the field test, and used for the interview. The results showed that the species was introduced to Botswana relatively recently, and most of the respondents started growing the trees in the last five years. The majority of the respondents (80%) are familiar with the Moringa plant, and 90% of them know about its medicinal values for which they planted the trees. However, there seems to be limited knowledge about the nutritional value of the species among the respondents. Different parts of the tree are used to treat, mainly, diabetes, high blood pressure and rheumatism. The leaves are used to treat most of these ailments although the seeds, stems, bark, roots and fruits have also been reported to have medicinal values. Some of the respondents indicated that they use the raw or boiled leaves as vegetable, and prepare soup and stew from the young green fruits and use them as salad. The most common mode of utilization is using the leaf for preparation of Moringa tea. The Moringa tree does not need intensive management, establish easily, adapt well to the arid climate of Botswana and grow with minimal care. Most of the interviewed households indicated that there is no challenge associated with growing the trees. Despite the general difficulty of cultivating crops in the country due to the harsh hot climate and shortage of water, the species needs little attention to grow, and there is no particular problem associated with production of the trees. Majority of the respondents indicated that there is a big potential to expand and commercialize Moringa in Botswana if people are made aware of its benefits. The study revealed that M. oleifera is grown in Gaborone though it is generally underutilized despite its huge potential. There is a huge knowledge gap about the nutritional uses of Moringa. Given the potential food and non-food applications of Moringa, there is an urgent need to promote its cultivation and utilization so that it can contribute its share in Government efforts to ensure food security in Botswana.

Pre-extension Demonstration of <i>Moringa</i> Preparation and Utilization Methods in East Shoa Zones of Oromia, Ethiopia

Moringa plants are among high value a tree belongs to Moringaceae family which consists of 13 species and they are highly distributed in Africa and southern Asia. Eastern Shoa zones of Oromia regional state in central part of Ethiopia have favorable agro climatic conditions for cultivation of Moringa tree species. However, there is a few numbers of local communities experiencing Moringa trees production and consumption in the area. Thus, the objective of this training and demonstration to promote, popularize and improve public awareness on Moringa on procedures of Moringa preparation for effective consumption and utilization in the areas. Household interview followed by theoretical training with practical demonstration were used for the demonstration. Random sampling methods were used to select 60 farmer households, 4 experts and 7 DA’s. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The results indicated that the interviewed farmers about 76% have no Moringa on their farm and as a result most of them cannot identify Moringa visually. Similarly, many local farmers have no trees on their garden, and almost all of them (84%) have no information about Moringa unless few farmers with a piece of information on its medicinal uses with little hint on its preparation and utilization techniques. Many of the farmers only use Moringa leaves when they sick, especially for blood pressure. However the farmers have a desire to plant Moringa trees where as 40% of have a worry to get Moringa seedlings availability to plant and they claimed that this causes absence of Moringa trees on our farm. About 40% of the respondents were stated that, they only use Moringa for medicinal purpose, and in the same way about 40% of them are not previously used Moringa at all, while the rest 20% of them used as both for its medicinal and food source for some food type supplementation. However, many locals have interested in getting Moringa trees to plant. Hence, Popularization of Moringa should have to get attention by concerned stakeholders, especially on organizing continuous seeds and /or seedlings sources for local communities.

Inorganic fertilization improves quality and biomass of Moringa oleifera L.

Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) tree is being used for animal feed and human food as its leaves are an excellent source of amino acids and proteins. Moringa is indigenous plant of Pakistan, but its adaptation and production as agroforestry and fodder crop in smallholder farming sector is very low. Inorganic fertilization has been identified as a major limiting factor for moringa growth and quality of produce. A field experiment was conducted at the Directorate of Farms, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, to optimize NPK dose for healthy and quality produce of moringa. The experiment was comprised of four treatments—control (no fertilizer), 125:75:75 NPK, 100:50:50 NPK and 75:25:25 NPK kg ha−1—under randomized complete block design with factorial arrangements having four replicates. First harvest was taken in May and then applied with fertilizers. Results revealed that different harvesting time (months) significantly affected the number of branches, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll a and b contents, carotenoid contents, total phenolic contents, K contents and total soluble protein except shoot fresh weight. Regarding the fertilizer treatments, application of 125:75:75 kg NPK ha−1 produced total phenolic contents, K concentration and soluble proteins as compared to control and other treatments. Maximum growth, nutrient and biochemical attributes were observed in the month of August. In crux, for the maximum growth, nutrient and biochemical attributes, August is the best harvesting time using the 125:75:75 kg of NPK ha−1 as fertilizer dose.

Etnobotani Tanaman Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) di Desa Kedungbulus Gembong Pati

<em>The potential of Moringa tree related to health properties is still not fully utilized by the people in Pati. Mrs. Muryati, a resident of Kedungbulus Village, Gembong Subdistrict, Pati, was one of the residents who was moved to campaign for the use of Moringa leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine public perceptions about the potential of Moringa plants in the village of Kedungbulus Gembong Pati. This research uses survey methods which include: literature study, field observations, interviews using questionnaires, semistructure interview techniques and using random sampling techniques and purposive sampling. Random sampling sampling from the community taken randomly, while purposive sampling sampling from community leaders such as informants of production houses, village heads, shamans etc. The results obtained from the relationship between community and Moringa plants are explained from interviews with the public perception of Moringa plants.</em>

The impact of phytohormone concentration in Moringa oleifera leaf extract on wheat yield and components of yield

Trials with Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) sprayed on leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) showed different outcomes in grain yield and the components of yield (biomass at anthesis, number of ears, number of tillers, grain weight, 1000 seed weight). An irrigated field trial testing different MLE concentrations resulted in an increase in grain yield of 19% with a 10% concentration but not significant yield increases for higher concentrations of MLE. Dryland field trials with MLE concentrations at 5% and 10% showed no effects or more moderate (about 5–10%) increases in grain yield, depending on the year and location of study. The differences in grain yield responses are most likely due to changes in phytohormone concentration in MLEs brought on by abiotic stress (moisture deficit and seasonal change) of the moringa tree before the collection of the leaves. Concentrations of gibberellins, auxin, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid in MLEs differ markedly due to plants subjected to abiotic stresses. Comparing chemical analysis of MLE with grain yield effects showed that GA4 – most likely in crosstalk with auxin – is the major growth enhancer. It is concluded that the hormonal concentrations of MLEs strongly varies on a yearly basis, which may affect the potential use of this bio-stimulant in agriculture.

Respuesta al bocashi y a la lombricomposta de Moringa oleifera Lam. después de la poda

Moringa oleifera Lam. por sus multiples usos tiene un enorme potencial como alternativa de cultivo sustentable para implementarse en la zona centro del estado de Veracruz. El presente trabajo evalúa la respuesta vegetativa y reproductiva de la especie a la fertilización orgánica después de poda en esta región. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con árboles de moringa de tres años de edad, podados por única vez a una altura de 1.5 m, a los cuales se les aplicaron dos abonos orgánicos: lombricomposta y bocashi y un control. Los abonos se aplicaron al inicio del experimento y posteriormente cada cuatro meses. Las variables: 1) número de rebrotes; 2) sobrevivencia de rebrotes; 3) longitud de rebrotes; 4) grosor de rebrotes; 5) número de racimos por planta; 6) número de botones por racimo; 7) flores por racimo; 8) frutos por racimo; 9) número de frutos por planta; 10) longitud de frutos; 11) número de semillas por fruto; y 12) dimensión de semilla, se midieron cada mes durante 10 meses. Los tratamientos se evaluaron mediante un análisis de varianza de una vía (p< 0.05). Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación de los abonos orgánicos no influyó en las variables 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8 al no existir diferencias estadísticas significativas en éstas; excepto el número total de frutos por planta, donde las plantas con bocashi lograron la mayor productividad. Se concluye que el mejor abono para la producción de frutos fue bocashi, mientras que en lombricomposta no se observaron diferencias significativas.