Moringa Oleifera Seedlings Research Articles

Response of Soil Replenishment on Coppicing Ability and Economic Values of Moringa oleifera Lam Seedlings

The study aimed at the response of soil replenishment on the coppicing ability of Moringa oleifera plant and economic values of Moringa oleifera seedlings. This study was carried out in the forest nursery of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State. Purposive random sampling technique was used and one hundred and forty (140) structured questionnaires were administered to the respondents and retrieved. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in seven treatments with five replicates and total of thirty-five samples were laid. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistics (percentage and frequency) and inferential statistics (Analysis of Variance). Moringa oleifera performed well under all the treatments but it performed exceptionally under the control (T7) with shoot height (17.46±0.70 cm), stem diameter (1.46±0.05 cm), number of leave (120.9±13.35) and number of branches (12.55±0.92). Furthermore, the results showed that food and medicinal use had highest percentage of 32.86% and 20.71% respectively; percentage responses to ailments of leave and stem diameter were 40% and 25% respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the findings of this research be disseminated to growers as it could improve the vegetative growth of their Moringa crops, medicinal uses, and sustainability.

Influence of priming treatments on seed germination and growth characteristics of Moringa oleifera seedlings under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Seed priming is the treatment of seeds with various priming substances to improve germination and seedling quality, and plant growth. The procedure entails advancing the seed to an equivalent stage of the germination process to achieve rapid and uniform emergence when planted, which is required in the case of Moringa oleifera to reduce the damage of ageing seeds, stimulate their performance, and overcome uneven germination rate due to seedcoat hardening, that leads to wide variation in terms of commercial qualities in the planting field. Therefore, a series of seed priming experiments were conducted to determine the optimal methods of priming treatments that maximise Moringa oleifera total germination, germination rate, and seedling vigour. Moringa oleifera seeds were treated with hydropriming, osmopriming (KNO3), and nutripriming (SeedActivator) for 4, 8, and 12 hrs. Germinability was improved by priming treatments. Results indicated that the highest germination percentage was recorded on seeds subjected to hydropriming (63.25%), followed by nutripriming (61.75%) and osmopriming (60%) with the exact duration of 4 hrs soaking time. All pre-germination treatments have significantly early mean germination days (MGT) compared to the unprimed seeds. In the seed pouch study, seeds treated with hydropriming for 4 hrs had shown the best results to improve roots growth in total root length (cm), root volume (cm3 ), the number of forks, and the number of crossings with 240.52 cm vs. 163.64 cm, 0.47 cm3 vs. 0.29 cm3 , 517.80 vs. 271.47 and 59.20 vs. 28.53 respectively when compared to unprimed seeds. The positive effect of priming can also be seen in the seedling growth of M. oleifera grown in a pot with two different growing media.

EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIC COMPOST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF Moringa oleifera LAM. SEEDLINGS

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of organic compost produced through composting in the development of Moringa oleifera seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in Feira de Santana- BA, Brazil. The design was randomized blocks (RBD), with seven treatments per block and four replicates. The following treatments were tested: commercial substrate; sand (S); S/organic compost (OC) 80/20; S/OC 60/40; S/OC 40/60; S/OC 20/80; S/OC 0/100. The organic compost was formed by pruning residues and vegetable remains that were not cooked. The addition of organic compost promoted the highest means for the parameters height, number of leaves, height/collar diameter ratio, root dry mass and shoot dry mass. For leaf area, height/shoot dry mass ratio and collar diameter, the proportions of the compost had no influence. Higher means of parameters such as tuberous root length and diameter and tuberous structure dry mass were observed in the commercial substrate, which may indicate stress in seedlings of this treatment. Substrates with a lower proportion of organic compost are more suitable for the production of M. oleifera seedlings.

Effect of different manures on establishment and growth of Moringa oleifera seedlings in Owerri, South East Nigeria

Effect of different manures on establishment and growth of Moringa oleifera seedlings in Owerri, South East Nigeria

Seed Priming with Glass Waste Microparticles and Red Light Irradiation Mitigates Thermal and Water Stresses in Seedlings of Moringa oleifera.

The association between population increase and the exploitation of natural resources and climate change influences the demand for food, especially in semi-arid regions, highlighting the need for technologies that could provide cultivated species with better adaptation to agroecosystems. Additionally, developing cultivation technologies that employ waste materials is highly desirable for sustainable development. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate whether seed priming with glass waste microparticles used as a silicon source under red light irradiation mitigates the effects of thermal and water stress on seedlings of Moringa oleifera. The experimental design was set up in randomized blocks using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of seed priming (NSP—no seed priming, and SPSi—seed priming with glass microparticles under red light irradiation), soil water replenishment (W50—50%, and W100—100% of crop evapotranspiration—ETc), and temperature change (TC30°—30 °C day/25 °C night and TC40°—40 °C day/35 °C night). Seed priming with glass microparticles under red light irradiation mitigated the effects of thermal and water stress on seedlings of Moringa oleifera seedlings through the homeostasis of gas exchange, leaf water status, osmotic adjustment, and the antioxidant mechanism.

Characterization and evaluation of cold atmospheric plasma as seedborne fungal disinfectant and promoting mediator for physico-chemical characteristics of Moringa oleifera seedlings

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas are a powerful tool to impact seed germination and microbial decontamination. Air large volume atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma was developed and investigated to improve the biological activities of Moringa oleifera seeds. Ninty ns magnetic pulse compression high voltage system was used to generate the plasma. The plasma discharges current increases with increasing applied voltage and it decreases with increasing discharge gap. There was a steady reduction in the count of seedborne fungi on the application of air cold plasma with complete elimination of fungi at ≥ 10.94 mJ per pulse. The low doses of plasma (2.46 and 4.35 mJ) induced an increase in the seed germination, a significant increase in chlorophyll content (chl a and chl b) and antioxidant activities of the seedlings emerged from soaked or wet seeds rather than dry seeds. At lower plasma doses (2.46 and 4.35 mJ) there was a significant increase in leaf area and chlorophyll content (chl a and chl b) of the seedlings that emerged from H2O2 soaked seeds rather than that of free from H2O2. The plasma was harmful when applied at higher doses (≥ 10.94 mJ) and more harmful to the wet seeds compared to the dry ones.

Enhancing salinity stress tolerance and phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene activity using osmolytes in Moringa seedling production

The salinity of irrigation water is one of the major abiotic stresses that have a variable reaction to soil structure, which has detrimental impacts on seedling development and quality. The osmolytes can help lessen these adverse effects on the establishment of Moringa oleifera seedlings. Therefore, this study was conducted in Egypt (30″53′30, 87″ N and 30″41′29, 77″ E) using polyethylene bags during May – July 2020 and 2021. Three factors in a factorial split –split plot experiment were arranged in randomized complete block design. The main plots were soil structure; sand:clay 2:1 (V/V) and sand 100 %, whereas the subplot treatments were salinity levels; tap water as a control 0.5, 1.5, 4, and 6 dS m−1, and sub–subplot osmolytes; tap water as a control, and glycine betaine, mannitol, proline, and sorbitol all at 0.2 g L−1 as a soil drench. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of osmolytes and soil structure on growth parameters and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene expression in Moringa seedlings. The study concluded that Moringa seedlings in sand:clay performed significantly (P ˂ 0.05) better than those in the sand. With increasing salinity levels, osmolytes enhanced all seedling growth parameters and PAL gene expression compared with the control in the two soil structures. The order of tolerance to salinity stress was sorbitol ˃ proline ˃ mannitol ˃ glycine betaine ˃ control. Moringa seedlings produced in sand:clay treated with 0.2 g L−1 sorbitol and salinity at 4 or 6 dS m−1 were superior in most growth parameters and PAL gene expression.

Non-Structural Carbohydrates Regulated by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization Varied with Organs and Fertilizer Levels in Moringa oleifera Seedlings

Moringa oleifera (moringa) is an important fodder tree species. Although several researches study the effects of fertilization on moringa growth, the response of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization in moringa seedlings is poorly understood. Here, we employed a pot experiment to investigate the effects of N and P fertilization on NSC dynamics in moringa seedlings in southern China. The results showed that the moringa root NSCs were 427 mg g−1 in the control treatment (over 50% of the total NSCs, 739.8 mg g−1), while the leaf NSCs only stored about 10% of NSCs in the individual tree. Compared to the control treatment, the NSCs in leaf, stem, and root of moringa seedlings were greatly reduced by N and P fertilization, which could be explained by the dilution effects of increased biomass following fertilization. However, the magnitude of NSC change with fertilization varied with tissue and N & P application levels. Our results suggest that there is a trade-off between structural carbohydrates (SCs) and NSCs among different organs in morniga seedlings. As moringa seedlings may have specific nutrient acquiring strategies that differs from their adult tree, long-term and large-scale researches should focus on the effects and underlying mechanisms of fertilization on the trade-off between SC and NSC in seedling and the adult tree of moringa in future.

Produção de mudas de Moringa oleifera em diferentes concentrações de lodo de esgoto tratado com calcário

A produção de mudas é um aspecto importante quando se quer obter um produto de boa qualidade. Entre os procedimentos realizados para essa atividade, a escolha do substrato possui uma grande importância, pois define os parâmetros de qualidade das mudas produzidas. Dentre as alternativas, o lodo de esgoto pode ser utilizado como substrato, associando sua utilização com a produção de mudas de Moringa oleifera, espécie que atualmente vem sendo alvo de diversos estudos, devido a suas caraterísticas morfológicas e nutricionais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Moringa oleifera em diferentes concentrações de lodo de esgoto tratado com calcário. As sementes foram coletadas na área experimental da Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí (EAJ). O lodo foi fornecido pela estação de tratamento de esgoto da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na EAJ. O tratamento do lodo foi realizado em temperatura ambiente com calcário para sua higienização. O experimento compreendeu seis tratamentos: T0: 100% areia (controle); T20: 20% de biossólido + 80% de areia; T40: 40% de biossólido + 60% areia; T60: 60% de biossólido + 40% areia; T80: 80% de biossólido + 20% areia; T100: 100% de biossólido. Totalizando-se 32 unidades amostrais (repetições) para cada tratamento. Os dados foram analisados no programa Bioestat. De acordo com as análises realizadas, as mudas submetidas aos tratamentos T0, T80 e T100 tiveram crescimento em altura inferior às mudas dos outros tratamentos, onde os melhores resultados foram para o T20, T40 e T60. Não houve diferença estatística entre os valores médios de diâmetro do coleto das mudas nos tratamentos com a presença do lodo, havendo apenas diferença destas para as mudas submetidas ao tratamento controle (T0). As mudas submetidas ao T60 apresentaram melhores resultados de crescimento em altura, relação H/D e número de folhas. Não houve diferença nas médias das variáveis PMSA, PMST e IQD, diferente do que ocorreu com a PMSR e a razão PMSA/PMSR, onde houve diferença estatística, se sobressaindo com maiores médias o T0 e o T60, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que as concentrações de lodo que apresentaram melhores resultados foram de 40 e de 60%. Observou-se menor crescimento das mudas submetidas aos tratamentos controle (T0), T80 e T100. Portanto, o uso de lodo para a produção de mudas é uma alternativa tecnicamente viável.

Effect of pretreatments on the germination and early growth performance of Moringa oleifera seeds (Lam) at nursery stage

Some fruits have difficulties in germination hence their propagation is adversely affected by seed coat dormancy resulting in poor inhibitions and germination potential. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of pre-treatments on the germination and early growth performance of Moringa oleifera seedlings at nursery stage. The pre-treatment included soaking 24hours, 48 hours, 72hours and control seed not soaked. The experiment was arranged in a Complete Randomize Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. A total of 360 seeds (Three replications of 90 seeds) per treatment weresown. The growth parameters such as number of leaves, numbers of branches, stem height, stem width and leaf area were assessed. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Germination percentage across the various pre- germination treatments revealed that Moringa seeds soaked for 24hours had the highest percentage germination of 87.7% closely followed by seeds soaked in cold water for 48hours (68.8%). The least percentage germination was observed in Moringa seeds soaked in water for 72hours (53.3%). The results also indicated that pre-treatments of Moringa seeds significantly (P<0.05) improved the performance of the seedlings with regards to number of leaves, branches, plant height, stem width and leaf area with 24hours Moringa oleifera seeds soaked in cold water.
 Keywords: Pre-treatment, Germination, Growth performance, Nursery, Moringa oleifera

Physiological response of Moringa oleifera exposed to bisphenol A

The physiological and morphological effects of different concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) on Moringa oleifera seedlings were determined in this study. Significant chlorosis and abscission were observed in leaves exposed to 50 mg/L of BPA. Photosynthetic pigment levels were affected differently by varying doses of BPA. Although the total carbohydrate content of seedling parts was increased by BPA, protein content was lowered by it, except in the case of roots at 1.5 mg/L of BPA. However, it was determined that the content of nonprotein sulphhydryl groups of seedling parts did not change significantly. The total phenolic content of root tissues showed an insignificant change; however, it was found that phenolic content increased in the stems and leaves following application of BPA. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in seedling tissues increased with increasing concentrations of BPA. Statistical analysis indicated that H2O2 content was significantly correlated with malondialdehyde content. These results clearly show that the application of BPA causes oxidative stress in seedling tissues.

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Moringa oleifera SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS

A Moringa oleifera é uma espécie arbórea que vem sendo utilizada como alternativa em diversas regiões como fonte de alimentação humana e animal, no tratamento de água, na produção de biodiesel, na indústria cosmética, na medicina tradicional e na indústria farmacêutica. O objetivo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de Moringa oleifera em diferentes substratos, sendo eles: solo do campus (T1), húmus de minhoca + esterco bovino (T2), esterco bovino + esterco de galinha (T3) e palha vegetal + areia + arisco (T4) com cinco repetições por tratamento. Semanalmente foi avaliado o número de folhas, diâmetro do colo e altura da planta, e ao final do experimento, medidos o comprimento da raiz e o peso seco da parte aérea e raiz, bem como o Índice de Dickson. Todas as variáveis foram afetadas significativamente em função dos diferentes substratos, sendo os maiores valores obtidos nas mudas que tiveram como substratos o T3 e T4. Os substratos que promoveram o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de Moringa oleifera foi esterco bovino + esterco de galinha e palha vegetal + areia + arisco.

Evaluation of Different Nutritional and Soil Sources Fertilizers on the Early Growth of Moringa oleifera (Lam)

In any plantation establishment programme there should be adequate number of healthy seedlings and this depends on the nutrition and care given to them at the nursery stage. Pot experiment was conducted to assess the response of Moringa oleifera (Lam) seedlings to different soil and nutritional sources at nursery stage. One hundred seeds were obtained from Centre for Environmental Renewable Resources Research and Development (CENRAD) Ibadan, Nigeria and sown in germination trays. Seed germination was completed between 10-15 days, 36 uniformly growing seedlings were transplanted into polythene pots of size 29×25 cm and were filled with different soil sources at 500 gm (arable) soil, forest reserve soil and natural forest mixed with nutritional sources of the same ratio (10 gm) i.e. poultry manure, cow dung and N.P.K 15.15.15. The experiment was factorial arranged in a completely randomized design. Result showed that pots with natural forest soil mixed with 10 gm N.P.K (s3f3) produced seedlings with highest value In plant height (76.30 cm), stem diameter (3.47 mm) and number of branches (10.00) which was significantly different (p< 0.01) from the other treatments. The least value in plant height (30.70 cm) stem diameter (1.50 mm) and number of branches (3.3) were recorded in pots with forest reserve soil mixed with cow dung (s2f2). Interaction effect of soil and nutritional sources were significant for all the growth parameters assessed (p<0.01). Results showed that Natural forest soils treated with N.P.K 15.15.15 could be employed in raising Moringa oleifera seedlings at nursery stage for optimum performance.

Promising Use of Alpha-Spin(r) Nano Particles Bombardment for Selection of Useful Variations in Moringa Oleifera Seedlings in Nigeria

The germination and some morphological development parameters such as number of branches, plant height, number of leaves, stem girth and number of leaflets was observed for Moringa oleifera treated with alpha spin nanoparticles in Lafia, Nigeria. The treated seeds were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) after four levels of treatments at 10minutes, 20minutes, 30minutes, 40minutes and 60 minutes. These along with control treatments were replicated three times in the field and allowed to undergo normal cultural practices as at when due. Data was collected for germination, plant height, number of branches, total number of leaves, stem girth and number of leaflets. The data was analyzed statistically using GENSTAT statistical software and treatment means were separated by the least significant differences (LSD) at 5% probability from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The effect of the treatments on germination at the level of 10 minutes and 15 minutes exposure was not significantly different from the control but there was observed difference when the exposure increased to 30 minutes and 1 hour. Similarly the other growth parameters responded to the treatments by showing a significant difference in the treatments at 30 minutes and 1 hour exposure to the treatments. These results are discussed with a view to obtaining genetically diverse and useful variants.

Chemical root-pruning of Moringa oleifera for improved seedling growth

Low survival rates in greenhouse raised Moringa oleifera seedlings after transplanting had been ascribed to rapid growth rates and poorly formed and etiolated stems. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of indole acetic acid (IAA) on above-ground vegetative growth of M. oleifera seedling when used as root pruning agent. Hardened-off uniform one-month-old M. oleifera seedlings were transplanted in 20-cm-diameter plastic pots containing pasteurised loam soil and Hygromix at 3:1 (v/v) ratio. A week after transplanting, IAA concentrations of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8, 25.6 and 51.2 mg mL−1 distilled water with G49 wetting agent and sticker were applied weekly to the respective plants. The effects of IAA concentrations were highly significant (P ≤ .01) on plant height, leaf number, dry root mass and significant (P ≤ .05) on stem diameter, which were further subjected to the lines of the best fit. Leaf number, plant height and stem diameter over increasing IAA concentrations exhibited positive quadratic relations, with the relationships being explained by 99, 98 and 98%, respectively. However, dry root mass and increasing concentrations of IAA exhibited negative quadratic relations, with the relationship being explained by 98%. At low concentrations, IAA increased plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter, whereas, at high concentration, the material reduced plant variables. However, all concentrations used reduced dry root mass. In conclusion, IAA was able to reduce root growth and promote shoot growth, with optimum for M. oleifera seedling growth established at a concentration level of 1.98 mg mL−1.

Substrates Formulated with Biochar for Seedling Production of Moringa oleifera Lam.

Moringa oleifera is an allogamous plant that is propagated by seeds and cuttings, rich in vitamin A and C, phosphorus, calcium and proteins. However, its best propagation form for the large-scale production is still unknown, as well the most suitable substrate for seedling production. Production of forest species seedlings with a high quality is directly related to physical and chemical substrates properties. Using biochar as substrate for seedlings production is an economical and sustainable solution for this proposal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three biochar types, in two concentrations, for production of Moringa oleifera seedlings. Three types of substrates were formulated using residues of dry coconut shells, sewage sludge and orange bagasse. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, installed in a completely randomized design, consisting of seven treatments (substrates formulated with biochar in two doses, 1 and 2%) and the control, with four replicates, totalizing 28 seedlings. One month after sowing, the seedlings were evaluated biweekly for 60 days in relation to stem base diameter, shoot heigh, leaves number, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total seedling dry matter and Dickson Quality Index. The substrate formulated using sewage sludge biochar at 2% provided a greater increasing in shoot dry matter. This concentration improved seedling height and stem base diameter in 10.5 and 0.83 mm, respectively, compared to the control. In general, biochar improved physical and chemical soil quality, promoting a better M. oleifera seedlings development.

Influence of soil texture and compost on the early growth and nutrient uptake of Moringa oleifera Lam

Influence of soil texture and compost on the early growth and nutrient uptake of Moringa oleifera Lam

Evaluation of different nutritional and soil sources on the early growth of Moringa oleifera (Lam.)

In any plantation establishment programme their must be adequate number of healthy seedlings and these depend on the nutrition and care given to them at the nursery stage. Pot experiment was conducted to assess the response of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) seedlings to different soil and nutritional sources at nursery stage. One hundred seeds were obtained from Centre for Environmental Renewable Resources Research and Development (CENRAD), Ibadan, Nigeria, and sown in germination trays. Seed germination was completed between 10-15 days, 36 uniformly growing seedlings were transplanted into polythene pots of size 29 cm x 25 cm and were filled with different soil sources at 500 g (arable) soil, forest reserve soil and natural forest mixed with nutritional sources of the same ratio (10 g) i.e. poultry manure, cow dung and NPK (15:15:15). The experiment was factorial arranged in a completely randomized design. Result showed that pots with natural forest soil mixed with 10 m NPK (s3f3) produced seedlings with highest value. In plant height (76.30 cm), stem diameter (3.47 mm) and number of branches (10) which was significantly different (p > 0.01) from the other treatments. The least value in plant height (30.70 cm) stem diameter (1.50 mm) and number of branches (3.3) were recorded in pots with forest reserve soil mixed with cow dung (s2f2). Interaction effect of soil and nutritional sources were significant for all the growth parameters assessed (p > 0.01). Natural forest soils treated with NPK (15:15:15) should be employed in raising Moringa oleifera seedlings at nursery stage for optimum performance.

Biometric and Physiological Responses to Water Restriction in Moringa oleifera Seedlings

ABSTRACT A water deficit in the soil can cause water stress in plants, triggering morphological and physiological changes. The aim of this work was evaluate the ecophysiological development of moringa seedlings under controlled water restriction. The experimental design was completely randomized at 40, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity and six replicates. The photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, vapor pressure deficit, internal carbon concentration, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll and stem diameter, height, and number of leaves were measured at 9 a.m. during 21 days of restriction. The treatments differed for photosynthetic parameters. Moringa seedlings reduce gas exchange to adapt to water restrictions until 40% of field capacity. The alterations promoted by water restriction did not negatively affected plant development.

Compost and biochar assisted phytoremediation potentials of Moringa oleifera for remediation of lead contaminated soil

The aim of this study was to investigate the germination, growth, tolerance and Pb accumulation potentials of Moringa oleifera in compost and biochar amended Pb-contaminated soils for possible phytoremediation. Lead slag contaminated soil (100%–32,640 mg/kg) was diluted into three Pb contamination levels (75%, 50%, and 25%) by mixing it with uncontaminated control (0%) soil. Sunflower-poultry manure compost (Compost), rice husk biochar (RHB) and groundnut shell biochar (GSB) were applied at 10 g/kg separately to the soils in triplicates and incubated for 2 weeks. Moringa oleifera seedlings were transplanted at two weeks into the incubated soils and set up in greenhouse experiments. Plant height, stem girth, leaf number and biomass were measured at 4 and 8 weeks. Plant roots and shoots were analysed. Moringa oleifera seeds planted in the contaminated and amended contaminated soils failed to germinate. Its seedlings withered off in 100% and 75% but survived in 25% and 50% amended contaminated and control soils. It tolerated Pb contamination up to 8600 mg/kg. The concentrations of Pb in the roots and shoots of the plants at 8 weeks ranged from 930 to 2100 mg/kg and 420–1120 mg/kg respectively for both contamination levels, indicating Pb phytoaccumulation potentials of M. oleifera. Compost and RHB enhanced M. oleifera roots and shoots production. The combination of compost and M. oleifera improved Pb phytoextraction efficiency. The combination of GSB and M. oleifera improved Pb phytostabilisation efficiency. Utilisation of compost, rice RHB and GSB with M. oleifera may be recommended for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil.