Abstract
The physiological and morphological effects of different concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) on Moringa oleifera seedlings were determined in this study. Significant chlorosis and abscission were observed in leaves exposed to 50 mg/L of BPA. Photosynthetic pigment levels were affected differently by varying doses of BPA. Although the total carbohydrate content of seedling parts was increased by BPA, protein content was lowered by it, except in the case of roots at 1.5 mg/L of BPA. However, it was determined that the content of nonprotein sulphhydryl groups of seedling parts did not change significantly. The total phenolic content of root tissues showed an insignificant change; however, it was found that phenolic content increased in the stems and leaves following application of BPA. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in seedling tissues increased with increasing concentrations of BPA. Statistical analysis indicated that H2O2 content was significantly correlated with malondialdehyde content. These results clearly show that the application of BPA causes oxidative stress in seedling tissues.
Highlights
Man-made chemicals can cause serious environmental pollution
It was determined that other doses of bisphenol A (BPA) caused some toxicity symptoms in M. oleifera seedlings
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different concentrations of BPA on M. oleifera seedlings
Summary
Man-made chemicals can cause serious environmental pollution. Bisphenol A [BPA; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, CAS No 80-05-7] is unquestionably one such chemical. As a chemical produced in high volume worldwide, BPA is mainly used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is used in polyester, polysulphone, polyacrylate resins and flame retardants. Polycarbonates are widely used in food-contacting materials, such as baby-feeding bottles, tableware and microwave safe containers. Epoxy resins are used as a protective coating for some canned food and beverages and as a coating on metal lids for glass jars and bottles (WHO/FAO 2009). BPA does not occur naturally, it has been widely distributed in the environment due to its high production and large consumption volumes (Tsai 2006), allowing all organisms to come into contact with the chemical. Even though most BPA is removed from wastewater, detection in environmental samples has still been reported (Musolff et al 2010; Xu et al 2014)
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