Plant Moringa Oleifera Research Articles

Moringa oleifera Plant as potent alternate to Chemical Coagulant in Water Purification

Quality of groundwater is threatened due to pollution by industrial, domestic and agricultural waste. A large number of populations are residing in rural areas which are unable to afford high cost water purifiers due to their low income as well as limited awareness. However, limited availability of fresh water has become a critical issue in developing countries. Around 1.2 billion population is deprived of affordable and safe water for their domestic need. Additionally, chemical coagulants which are nowadays being used for water purification pose severe and numerous health hazards to human. Thus utilization of easily accessible natural coagulant for water purification might offer a sustainable, practical and cost effective solution to the current alarming situation in developing countries. Several experimental findings have shown strong efficiency of Moringa oleifera plant extracts obtained from different solvents in the improvement of water quality parameters including physicochemical (such as pH, hardness, turbidity, metallic impurities, total dissolved solid) and biological (E.coli count) parameter. We have also highlighted the limitations and advantages of chemical coagulation in water purification. Altogether, this review summarizes one such miracle tree which has shown significant potential as a natural coagulant and its associated underlying mechanism in water purification process.

Green Synthesized Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles (CaO NPs) Using Leaves Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities

Calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) have unique catalytic and biological properties; their activities are highly influenced by their morphology; as a result, these characteristics are most needed for various applications in several fields, including material science, environmental science, and medicinal science. The primary motivation for synthesizing CaO NPs using a biological method is to suppress the usage of hazardous chemicals used in making its process, which will be more cost‐effective and ecologically profitable. However, due to the complexity of the biological extracts employed in chemical processes, large‐scale manufacturing of nanoparticles via the green synthesis approach remains a significant problem. As a result, the production of CaO NPs utilizing Moringa oleifera plant leaves aqueous extract as an alternative biological agent for capping, stabilizing, and reducing agents due to rich phytochemical parameters in synthesis was investigated in this study. The structural characterization of the CaO NPs obtained by using UV‐Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM‐EDS indicates the presence of purity and primarily aggregated spherical nanosized material with an average size of 32.08 nm observed. The XRD study revealed that heat annealing increased the size of the crystallites, favoring monocrystalline. Finally, these findings, together with the cheap cost of synthesizing the plant‐mediated CaO NPs produced, show good antimicrobial (gram‐positive) activities.

Molecular docking of putative phytochemicals in aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extracts with three cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in xenobiotic metabolism

The Indian plant Moringa oleifera is found in tropical and subtropical climates across the globe. It is frequently cultivated for its embryonic seed pods and leaves, that are consumed as vegetables and also for herbal remedies. Using in silico computational techniques and three CYP450 enzymes, this study assessed the potential hepatoprotective effects of probable metabolites in watery M. oleifera leaf extracts. All quantities of aqueous M. oleifera leaf extract were subjected to several qualitative phytochemical analyses. The flavonoid galangin demonstrated the strongest interactions with the majority of cytochrome P450 enzymes in accordance with the predicted binding affinity, followed by caffeic acid. Galangin also outperformed the bulk of other known CYP450 enzyme inhibitors. These results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of M. oleifera leaf extract on CYP450 may be due to galangin. In comparison to galangin and caffeine acid, two reference substances, 1H-indazole, and alpha-naphthoflavone, were shown to have energy values with all three receptors between -4.6 and -4.8. The in silico screening data showed that when docked to CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP2D6, all compounds had a greater binding affinity. Therefore, additional studies are necessary to support these findings.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Moringa oleifera through Response Surface Methodology

The research highlights the environmentally sustainable biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from fresh leaves of the herbal medicinal plant Moringa oleifera. They may have been used as anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial agents. M. oleifera extract both reduces and stabilizes silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Optimum factors needed for AgNP biosynthesis were studied using a central composite design (CCD) matrix. Ultraviolet‐visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy were used to confirm and characterize the synthesized AgNPs. The biogenic AgNPs demonstrated substantial antibacterial potential against the pathogenic strains Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The antioxidant activity of biosynthesized AgNPs with M. oleifera extract increased from 11.96% when the concentration of the extract was 4 mg/mL to 63.79% at a plant concentration of 20 mg/mL. This research provides an easy and cost‐effective technique for the production of stable nanoparticles, with an evaluation of their bioactivity.

Iron oxide nanoparticles effect on growth, physiological traits and nutritional contents of Moringa oleifera grown in saline environment

BackgroundUsing of nanoparticles in various aspects of life including agriculture, medicine and industry is very crucial. One of the important source for Fe nutrition in plants is Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) due to its efficiency in releasing under different pH range. Thus, in the Model Farm of National Research Centre Egypt at El Tour South Sinai, a field experiment was carried out, to study the effect of different concentration of Fe3O4NPs (0, 20, 40, 60 ppm) on the physiological parameters and the nutritive value of Moringa under saline condition.ResultsThe obtained results indicate that foliar spraying of Fe3O4NPs significantly promote growth (plant height, branches leaves number per plant, leaf area, stem diameter and biomass). Foliar treatment also increased photosynthetic pigments (chlo.a, chlo b, chlo a/b and carotenoids) and indole acetic acid (IAA) contents comparing with control. Hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation contents of Moringa oleifera leaves were decreased significantly as compared with control plant. The maximum activities of antioxidant enzymes Peroxidase (POX), poly phenol oxidase (PPO), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and nitrate reductase (NR) were observed in plants treated with 40 ppm. Different concentrations of Fe3O4NPs increased significantly crude protein, crude fiber and ash percentages as well as, some nutrient contents of moringa leaves (N, P, K and K/Na) compared with untreated control plants, meanwhile decreased Na contents.ConclusionTreatment of Moringa oleifera plant with Fe3O4NPs at different concentrations greatly decrease the harmful effect of salinity on growth by its promotive role on different studied biochemical and physiological aspects.

Study of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Capacities of Fixed Oil of Moringa oleifera L. Cultivated in the Southwest of Algeria

Background: Since time immemorial, humans have always been interested in lipids for various uses, namely food, cosmetology, medicine, etc. Many seeds, sources of oils, are increasingly studied for their nutritional and therapeutic properties. Methods: The present study aims to valorize the vegetable oil obtained from the seeds of the Moringa oleifera plant widely cultivated in the southwest of Algeria, using the solid-liquid extraction technique. In addition, the fatty acid analysis of this oil, using the gas chromatography technique. Result: An oil yield of 30.43% was obtained, revealed that it contains ten different compounds. The characterization of the oil obtained (physico-chemical properties such as organoleptic properties, density, viscosity, refractive index) proved to comply with international standards and AFNOR standards. In addition, it turned out that Moringa oleifera oil has a very interesting antioxidant power. However, this oil did not show any antibacterial activity on the strains tested.

Transcriptional characterization of the biostimulant effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model.

Plant food production is affected by multiple abiotic and biotic stresses. To overcome these limiting factors, synthetic agrochemicals are widely used. However, more stringent worldwide regulatory policies and the public demand to reduce their application have led to the search for new ecofriendly alternatives such as biostimulants. Their commercial use is still limited, mostly due to the lack of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for their effects on plant metabolism. The horseradish Moringa oleifera has been described as a source of metabolites with biostimulant potential in agriculture. In particular, its leaf extracts (MLE) have been used to improve food production by enhancing plant growth and abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Nevertheless, the molecular basis of changes induced by the application of MLE, in particular to the plant transcriptome, are poorly understood. In this work, using Arabidopsis thaliana as model, we determined that MLEA induced tolerance to salinity and protection against the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, we characterized the transcriptional changes of phytohormone-induced genes that were caused by MLE. Our work provides novel and valuable information that can help researchers to characterize the biostimulant effects induced by the miracle plant Moringa oleifera.

COMPARISON OF α –GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF Moringa oleifera ETHANOLIC EXTRACT

The purpose of this research was to determine the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity of Moringa oleifera plant samples collected from the three geographical areas viz., Saragi, Bacuhau, and Batumatongka of Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia. Ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was prepared by the maceration method using 95% ethanol. The estimation of α –glucosidase inhibitory activity of this extract was performed in vitro. The results of the study showed that ethanolic extract of three Moringa samples i.e. Sarangi, Bacuhau, and Batumatongka had the IC50value of 18.62, 10.18, 10.58 ppm, respectively while IC50value for the acarbose positive control was reported 11.54ppm. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that ethanolic extract of Moringa could inhibit α –glucosidase and this potential was similar to the commercial α –glucosidase inhibitor acarbose.

A Comparative Study on Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract from Various Parts of Moringa oleifera

In this work, we reported a comparative study on the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of aqueous extract from different parts of Moringa oleifera plant, i.e. leaves, twigs, stem barks, and woods. The phytochemical content of each extract was screened through qualitative analysis and followed by quantitative analysis for the determination of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The results showed that different parts of Moringa oleifera plant would give different extracted natural products. Either leaf or twig part of Moringa oleifera contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, polyphenols, proteins, amino acids, and phenolics. Meanwhile, only flavonoids, carbohydrates, and phenolics were found in the aqueous extract of the wood part of Moringa oleifera. In agreement to the phytochemical assay, the aqueous extract of leaf part of Moringa oleifera gave the highest total phenolic content (684 ± 16.7 µg GAE mL-1) and the highest flavonoid content (514 ± 26.1 µg CE mL-1) than other parts. Consequently, the leaf extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (64.6 ± 0.69%) which is close to the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid (71.7 ± 0.56%) as the positive control. This finding is critical for the utilization of Moringa oleifera leaf part as the most potent source of antioxidant agents in the future.

Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts against Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates

Pneumococcal diseases (PD) constitute a major threat to the global public health stability especially in the developing world. The risk is greater for children under 5 years, the elderly and persons living with compromised immune systems. Antibiotic agents, conjugate as well as polysaccharide vaccines have been available for several decades and have saved many lives. However, the burden of PD has consistently remained high resulting in poor quality of life and strained economic tenets. Constant resistance to available antibiotic agents and low access to vaccines constitute major setbacks to efforts meant to scale down the burden of PD. The need to explore more viable and promising options is not only urgent but also untenable. We profiled the pharmacological credentials of Moringa oleifera extracts as a possible efficacious alternative to conventional prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Methanol and ethanol extracts of air-dried leaves of Moringa oleifera plant were subjected to phytochemical screening to identify the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phyto-sterols, oils, and fats. A working solution of the two extracts was prepared by dissolving 20 mg & 40 mg of the extracts in 1ml of 99.9% dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. Sterilized 6 mm blank discs were loaded with 20ul of the final extract concentrations and incubated at 45 ºC for 20 hours. Dimethyl sulfoxide (100% DMSO) impregnated discs and 30 mcg ceftriaxone antibiotics were used as negative and positive controls respectively. Colon morphology on gentamicin blood agar (GBA) and blood agar (BA), gram staining and optochin assay were leveraged to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae. Disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar was used to evaluate sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the subject extracts. Methanol and ethanol extracts were found to contain carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, fixed oils, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides. Both extracts were found to contain flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Ethanol & methanol extracts had lower anti-bacterial activity as compared to the 30 mcg positive control. Further exploration to reveal the anti-bacterial activity of aqueous based extracts on Streptococcus pneumoniae is strongly recommended

Supplementation of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal in Layer Chickens’ Feed: A Review

As a dietary supplement for animals, Moringa oleifera is very useful because its leaves are very nutritious. Moringa oleifera leaves are rich in fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals with antimicrobial effects. Leaf tea is used to treat ulcers in the stomach and diarrhea. Moringa leaves are considered healthy food sources and are recommended for anemia from malnutrition due to the high protein, fiber, and iron content of the leaves. Moringa oleifera leaves are primarily used for medicinal and human consumption purposes since they are abundant in antioxidants and other nutrients. Due to the low energy and digestibility of proteins, Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation increases feed intake and feed conversion ratio, as well as decreasing egg mass yield, percentage of egg production, and egg weight. More research in these areas is required to make full use of the potential advantages of the Moringa oleifera plant as layer feed.

The protective effect of Moringa oleifera plant extract against glutamate-induced DNA damage and reduced cell viability in a primary retinal ganglion cell line.

BackgroundGlutamate excitotoxicity can cause DNA damage and is linked to many retinal and neurological disorders. In mammals, the visual signal from the eyes to the brain is conducted only by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which can be damaged by overstimulation of glutamate receptors.MethodologyWe examined the protective effects of Moringa oleifera seed extract against glutamate-induced DNA damage in RGCs. RGCs cells were treated with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µg/ml of M. oleifera seed extract and glutamate separately and then assessed for DNA damage using the comet assay. We also evaluated the viability of the RGCs after both treatments using the MTT test. Additionally, RGCs were pretreated with M. oleifera seed extract (50 or 100 µg/ml) for 2 h before glutamate treatment (100 µg/ml) to determine the potential protective effects of M. oleifera. We performed a phytochemical analysis of the M. oleifera seed extract using standard reactions.ResultsThe M. oleifera seed extract was found to be rich in many phytochemicals. We observed a significant dose-dependent elevation in all comet assay variables in glutamate-treated RGCs, whereas M. oleifera seed extract treatments did not show any significant change in DNA integrity.ConclusionM. oleifera seed extract demonstrates neuroprotective effects, which suggests it may help to prevent the development of many neurodegenerative disorders.

Proposal of novel natural inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 main protease: Molecular docking and ab initio fragment molecular orbital calculations

This paper proposes natural drug candidate compounds for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the binding properties between the compounds in the Moringa oleifera plant and the main protease (Mpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 using molecular docking and ab initio fragment molecular orbital calculations. Among the 12 compounds, niaziminin was found to bind the strongest to Mpro. We furthermore proposed novel compounds based on niaziminin and investigated their binding properties to Mpro. The results reveal that the introduction of a hydroxyl group into niaziminin enhances its binding affinity to Mpro. These niaziminin derivatives can be promising candidate drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.

Comparison of Heavy Metals Removal from Aqueous Solution by Moringa oleifera Leaves and Seeds

In this work, biomass obtained from seeds (S-MO) and leaves (L-MO) of the Moringa oleifera plant were used as low-cost biosorbents to remove the Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions. The biosorption of the heavy metal ions was done using the batch technique. The effects of contact time (30–1440 min), biosorbent dosage (10–50 g/L) (0.1–0.5 g), and initial concentration of metals (10–500 mg/L) on the sorption capacity of metal ions were investigated. The S-MO and L-MO samples’ characterization was performed using pHpzc, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the pHpzc was notably different between the seeds and leave-derived biosorbents. The removal process’s experimental kinetic data for both S-MO and L-MO were best described by the pseudo-second-order model for all metal ions, with R2 above 0.997 in all cases. Langmuir and Freundlich’s models were also used to analyze the isotherms parameters. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum sorption capacities (Qm) for L-MO were found as follows: L-MO-Pb > L-MO-Cd > L-MO-Co ≥ L-MO-Ni, and for S-MO, the values of Qm values presented the following order: S-MO-Pb > S-MO-Co > S-MO-Cd > S-MO-Ni.

Impact of Glycine Betaine on Drought Tolerance of Moringa oleifera Plant Grown under Sandy Soil

Impact of Glycine Betaine on Drought Tolerance of Moringa oleifera Plant Grown under Sandy Soil

Influence of sowing date and organic fertilizers on productivity of Moringa oleifera plant under Aswan governorate conditions, Egypt

An experiment field were carried out in Aswan governorate, Egypt, during the two consecutive of seasons 20.17 and 2018 to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization and sowing date on: plant vegetation, yield and leaves chemical constituents of moringa plant. The organic fertilizers were farmyard manure (FYM), compost (COM) and poultry manure (PM). The results showed that, generally, organic fertilization improved growth characters, yield as well as N, P and K percentages in leaves. Whereas, the highest N, P and K contents leave were recorded when poultry manure added at 10 m3 /feddan rate (feddan = 4200 m² = 0.420 hectares = 1.037 acres).

Utilization of Fermented Cow Stool on the growth of Moringa Oleifera

The research aims to observe the effect of organic fermented cow stool application on the growth of Moringa Oleifera. The research wa conducted at the Bandar Khlifa Village, Percut Sei Tuan district, Deli Sedang District, North Sumatera from September to November 2020. The design used for this research Completely Randomized Design in 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 = Control (Without fertilizer), P1 = 5 ml, P2 = 10 ml, P3 = 15 ml. The parameters observed were plant height, number of stem branches, leaf width and stem diameter. The results showed that the effect of fermented cow stool application had significant effect ( P ≥ 0,05) on increase in plant height, increase in leaf width, and increase in stem diameter, but not significant on increase in number of stem branches, increase in number of leaves,. It is recommended to support good growth (plant height, leaf width and stem diameter) of Moringa Oleifera plants using a 5 ml dose of fermented cow feces fertilization.

Desmodium tortuosum, Euphorbia heterophylla and Moringa oleifera Effect on Local Rabbit Does Milk Production and Pups’ Performances

Desmodium tortuosum and Euphorbia heterophylla are fields’ weeds. Moringa oleifera plant is adapted to several agroecological zones and has many food and medicinal virtues. This work assessed these three plants potential to induce milk production. Thus, 96 primiparous local breed rabbit does, 10 months old, with an average 2983.6±212.4 g weight were used. They were grouped into 4 blocks containing 24 animals each. Then, one diet among 4 diets was randomly assigned to each group. Panicum maximum as fodder was mixed with a commercial pellet rabbit feed, the control (Pan). Then, this control diet was supplemented with Desmodium tortuosum (Des), Euphorbia heterophylla (Eup) and Moringa oleifera (Mor) in pellet partial substitution. The parameters monitored were the litter size, the pups’ average daily weight gain, the does’ weights before and during gestation, and after farrowing. Likewise, the milk production at peak lactation was evaluated. As a result, compare to Pan, Des, and Eup diets improved the total rabbit pups’ number from 96 to 112, and it represented a 16.67% gain. But Mor diet reduced Pan diet performance to 76 newborn rabbits, it was a 20.83% loss. Moreover, Des, Eup, and Mor diets induced an improvement in the milk quantity at peak lactation. In this order, these improvements were +15.51, +27.74, and +19.98%, respectively, compared to Pan diet which produced 109.6 g. In conclusion, Desmodium tortuosum and Euphorbia heterophylla could be used as green forages to improve milk production in local rabbit does breeding.

Potentiality of Moringa oleifera against SARS-CoV-2: identified by a rational computer aided drug design method

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a global human health crisis and economic setbacks. Lack of specific therapeutics and limited treatment options against COVID-19 has become a new challenge to identify potential hits in order to develop new therapeutics. One of the crucial life cycle enzymes of SARS-CoV-2 is main protease (Mpro), which plays a major role in mediating viral replication, makes it an attractive drug target. Virtual screening and three times repeated 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation of the best hits were performed to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors from the available compounds of an antiviral plant Moringa oleifera. Three flavonoids isorhamnetin (1), kaempferol (2) and apigenin (3) showed good binding affinity, stable protein-ligand complexes throughout the simulation time, high binding energy and similar binding poses in comparison with known SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor baicalein. Therefore, different parts of M. oleifera may be emerged as a potential preventive and therapeutic against COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZES RESPONSES OF MORINGA OLEIFERA YIELD TO LOCALIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, WATER RESTRICTION AND FERTILIZERS

This investigation of both of irrigation system, water restriction and soil conditioners on Morengaoleifera, (surface drip irrigation, D, buried drip, BD and mini-sprinkler, MS), as well for irrigating a magic crop like Morenga (Morengaoleifera) plants. Also, this work includes different irrigation water restriction which represent two three treatments (100, 80 and 60% of calculated applied water, W1, W2 and W3 respectivly), more over threes soil conditioners (Compost, C, Farm manure, FM, Mud, M). The experiment was carried out inShalatien where it lies in the east-west of the Red sea in Egypt. Surface evaporation in this area has a paramount importance because of its aridity hot climate under the circumstances of saline irrigation water usage. The objective of the present work is to study the influences of irrigation system, water restrictions and soil conditioners onmorphological and chemical characterizes of Moringa, for that,the following measurements are taken Trunk Diameter, Pods Tree Quantity, Seeds Yields (g) per tree, Weight per 1000 seeds (g), oil yields per tree (g), oil Yields per/ Acer (kg), chlorophyll A- B, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, Total carbohydrates, vitamin C,Nitrogen, Calcium, Fe and zinc content of Moringaoleifera plants in addition to Water use efficiency, cost analysis, energy analysis in two studied seasons, (2017-2018/2018-2019). Results show that the most positive influence of irrigation is buried irrigation, drip irrigation and mini-sprinkler respectively, due to the saved water from losses by evaporation under drought conditions. And the most positive influence of water restrictions treatments is 100, 80 and 60% respectively, but the in many measurements the differences between both of 100 and 80% of applied water is not significant, so its more economical to approve 80% of applied water under buried drip irrigation, which means about 20% of applied water can be save.