Moral Satisfaction Research Articles

Power versus morality: uncovering the underlying mechanisms of consumer response to perceived visual sustainability in package design

Purpose Visual sustainability has gained significant relevance for both firms and consumers. While the importance of perceived sustainability in package design is well researched, there is a research gap regarding divergent responses of consumers to perceived visual sustainability. This research aims to close this gap by providing deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of perceived visual sustainability in package design. As a boundary condition, this work also investigates gender differences in response to a design’s visual sustainability. Design/methodology/approach To explore the mediating influences of cognitive (i.e. a product’s gentleness and power) versus emotional (i.e. moral satisfaction) attributes as well as the role of consumer gender in the perceived visual sustainability–purchase intention relationship, the authors extend previous research through three experiments. Findings Study 1 provides initial evidence supporting the main effect of perceived visual sustainability on purchase intention. Findings of Study 2 show that moral satisfaction serves as a significant driver of purchase intention for females, while power-related attributes are more influential for males. Study 3 provides additional evidence for the main effect, the interaction effect with consumer gender and underlying mechanisms. Practical implications These findings have important implications for marketers and designers aiming to design packages that appeal to different consumer groups based on their (gender-specific) values regarding visual sustainability. Originality/value This work extends the literature on green behavior by highlighting the importance of perceived visual sustainability as a factor that influences purchase intention and the role of cognitive versus affective mechanisms in shaping consumer responses to design sustainability.

Ethics and Moral Education

This paper discusses the idea of ethics is in relation to the possibility and attainment of moral education. It is informed by the belief that adequate attention to ethical thinking is essential in attaining moral satisfaction and developing the society. The study emphasises the importance of critical moral self- examination and good moral education. It identifies and examines three essential types of ethics in relation to moral self-examination and moral education. It equally examines who a moral agent is and how well the pursuit of self-interest should be understood. Through conceptual clarification, analysis and reflection on certain theoretical views in philosophy, such as the views of Buddha, Socrates, Aristotle and the Yoruba concept of ìwòntúnwònsì, it argues for the expediency of moderation in achieving moral education. It also shows that deficiencies in human conduct limit any human that is not morally educated from leading a morally satisfying life.

Support farmers: sustainability claims that influence moral satisfaction and purchase intention

PropósitoEste artículo evalúa las respuestas de los consumidores a los argumentos de sostenibilidad en una fruta. Se comparan los efectos de este factor en la satisfacción moral y la intención de compra de los consumidores con respecto a 12 argumentos de sostenibilidad.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe realizó un experimento de modelo mixto con siete frutas (guayaba, piña, manzana roja, manzana verde, uva roja, uva verde y aguacate) para evaluar los efectos de los 12 argumentos de sostenibilidad sobre la intención de compra a través de la satisfacción moral, en relación con una condición de control.HallazgosLos resultados muestran que las afirmaciones de apoyo a los agricultores locales son las que más influyen en los consumidores. Las afirmaciones relativas a la producción de los agricultores locales afectan positivamente a la satisfacción moral y a la intención de compra.Implicaciones prácticasEste trabajo adopta un enfoque de la sostenibilidad basado en el comportamiento del consumidor, lo que permite a las organizaciones considerar los resultados del comportamiento del consumidor que podrían afectar a sus inversiones estratégicas y a su compromiso con la responsabilidad social.OriginalidadLos estudios relacionados con la alimentación no han arrojado resultados consistentes respecto a la relevancia que los argumentos de sostenibilidad tienen para los consumidores. Este estudio difiere de los anteriores, ya que se centra en la fruta, un producto importante por cuestiones de sostenibilidad social y medioambiental. Este estudio demuestra que, en el caso de la fruta, los argumentos de sostenibilidad son significativas para los consumidores jóvenes a través del efecto mediador de la satisfacción moral. Así, el efecto de los argumentos se predice por el significado que estos tienen para el consumidor.

U prilog snižavanja starosne granice krivične odgovornosti - drugačiji pogled na "večitu dilemu"

The journal Crimen 3/2023 published an article entitled "Lowering the age limit of criminal responsibility: an eternal dilemma?" in which the author presents arguments against this solution. The aim of this analysis is to provide the opposite arguments, in favor of lowering the minimum age of criminal responsibility, so that the reader can make his judgment based on the pro and contra argumentation. Opponents of lowering the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) mostly refer to the argument of "accepted international standards" as well as to the humane, altruistic statement that children perpetrators of criminal offenses are most often victims of poor socio-economic conditions that "force them into crime", so that they should not be punished, but that they should be helped. In the first part of the paper are analysed international standards and MACR in European and non-European countries. We are proving that international standards regarding MACR does not exists, but MACR is different in different countries. The structure of juvenile crime in Serbia is analysed in the second part. Statistical data show that juvenile crime in recent years is increasingly violent and brutal, what confirm the thesis that MACR should be lowered. The third part of the paper deals with juveniles sanctions. They are relatively mild and do not differ much from the measures of social protection, except that they are not imposed by social services but by judicial authorities, whose authority can only act encouragingly and frighteningly on the child to stop with criminal behaviour. In this sense, we do not see that lowering the MACR would drastically "deteriorate" the position of children, except that perhaps the fear of "criminal responsibility" would deter them from committing criminal offenses. In the end, we deal with the psycho-physical (in)maturity of children starting from the premise that we should not only observe the protection and interests of the child perpetrator, but also the protection and interests of the child victims and victims in general, who feel powerless in a system in which they cannot achieve material or moral satisfaction. Statistics show that the most common victims of juvenile crime are other children, and protection of the childperpetrator in such cases means neglection of the child-victim. The law cannot and should not be only "particularly human", neither for the sake of abstract "humanity" turn an eye to concrete crimes. The issue of lowering the age of criminal responsibility below 14 should be considered because this limit was set at another time and for minors who had a completely different lifestyle and who committed mostly property crimes. Having in mind all that, we advocate that MACR should be reduced to 12 years for all or alternatively only for violent crimes, and in terms of "criminally irresponsible" children, some form of parental criminal responsibility should be introduced. Because the child, by birth itself becomes a legal subject, and the consequences of his actions or the pain inflicted on the victim cannot be attributed to "force majeure", but exclusively to their guilt or the guilt of their parents.

Адхократичний механізм формування індексу щастя та його вплив на розвиток підприємств

The aim of the article is to formate an adhocratic mechanism for compiling the happiness index and determining the level of influence of the intellectual potential of employees on the development of enterprises. The article emphasizes that at the present stage of development, the principles of social management, which ensure the search for ways to qualitatively improve the living conditions of a person, are of great importance. Therefore, the desire to improve living conditions encourages people to focus not on quantitative economic growth, but on the qualitative determination of indicators that form the happiness index. The main feature of economic development under the influence of globalization transformations will be competition between countries for the quality of life of the population. That is, each person determines the quality of his happiness index, how the person feels physically, emotionally, how satisfied the person is with his well-being, work, friends, family and State policy. In the modern world, every person, in order to provide oneself and the loved ones with the necessary means of subsistence, must work hard and fruitfully physically or intellectually. However, everyone wants to receive not only sufficient income from their activities, but also moral satisfaction, which forms the happiness index. For many centuries, people have not found an accurate and unambiguous understanding of the concept of «happiness» and the factors that form it. Scientists who conduct research in this area are still trying to find its causes both for the individual and for society as a whole. Therefore, studies have confirmed that a person’s happiness largely depends on the right choice of profession and enjoyment of the internal and external environment. The purpose of the effective work of the management staff of the enterprise is to create conditions for the active development of the intellectual potential of employees at the enterprise through continuous training and the use of a system of material and moral incentives. The article proposes an adhocratic integrated mechanism for managing the intellectual potential of enterprises in the context of global transformations, formed on the basis of adhocracy and the human happiness index, and determining the level of its influence on the development of enterprise. On the basis of the carried out survey, it is determined what factors influence the formation of the human happiness index and on the basis of which the socioeconomic paradigm for the development of intellectual potential in the context of global transformations is formed.

Methodological approaches for researching the development of sports tourism in Ukraine

The article describes the concept of sports tourism. It was found that sports tourism is a type of active recreation, which is carried out by traveling along a route, testing one's own physical strength, moving on foot or on skis, bicycles or watercraft. To reveal methodological approaches to the study of the problems of the development of sports tourism in Ukraine. The importance of sports tourism for human development has been established. Its main features that distinguish sports tourism from other types of tourism are characterized. It was established that the most popular types of sports tourism in Ukraine are: hiking, water, cycling, speleological and ski tourism. Each type of sports tourism is characterized. The current state of sports tourism in Ukraine is analyzed. The prospects of its development in Ukraine are determined, the most popular regions for the development of certain types of sports tourism are given. The priority directions for the development of sports tourism in Ukraine have been identified. It has been established that by realizing their own physical capabilities, overcoming obstacles, adapting to new conditions and surroundings, tourists get physical and moral satisfaction from this type of recreation.

Tastiness of meat and plant protein foods are associated with political partisanship and may be influenced by partisan messaging

Taste is a frequently cited barrier to greater adoption of plant-based foods. Many person-related factors that moderate the acceptance of plant-based foods (e.g., environmental concerns, the cultural value of meat, etc.) are also associated with political ideologies. Although political affiliation is an increasingly prominent personal identity, its involvement in the acceptance of plant-based diets is vastly understudied. To test our hypothesis that political leaning influences acceptance of plant-based foods, we designed two consumer studies to assess 1) differences in meat and plant-based food liking and behavioral intentions between members of different political parties in the United States and 2) the impact of a novel messaging strategy – partisan endorsement of plant-based recommendations – on expected taste (online survey) and experienced taste (central location test). Respondents identifying as Democrats reported higher expected taste, purchase intention, consumption intention, and eating frequency of plant protein foods, while Republicans reported higher expected meat tastiness, meat consumption intention, and meat consumption frequency. However, we found a limited effect of partisan endorsement on expected and experienced taste of plant-based foods. Notably, endorsement of plant-based foods from party leaders that matched a participant’s political affiliation decreased the taste liking of a beef/pork meatball. Factors such as moral satisfaction, meat attachment, and social norms differed by political affiliation and these factors were associated with expected and/or experienced taste of both meat and plant protein foods. Accounting for political affiliations may enhance targeted strategies for plant-based food promotion and thus support acceptance of this healthy and sustainable food option.

The Relationship Between The Level Of Midwife Satisfaction With Improving The Quality Of MCH Services In The Working Area Of Muara Dua Health Center In Lhokseumawe City

The background of this study is the complexity of factors that affect midwives' job satisfaction, especially at Muara Dua Health Center, Lhokseumawe. Job satisfaction is related to motivation, continuing education, salary and benefits, management, tasks, work environment, workload, and moral satisfaction. The characteristics of motivational factors are distinguished between intrinsic characteristics such as challenge, recognition, autonomy, work, and responsibility that determine job satisfaction. Extrinsic characteristics such as salary, security in work, working conditions. Job dissatisfaction can lead to delays and absences, inability to conduct proper checks, work fatigue. To determine the relationship between the level of midwife satisfaction with improving the quality of maternal and child health services at the Muara Dua Health Center in Lhokseumawe City. The study was conducted on 55 samples of midwives at the Blang Muara Dua Health Center, Muara Dua District, Lhokseumawe City, with a comfortable cross-sectional work design, giving satisfaction to 14 midwives (58.3%) and 10 uncomfortable people (41.7%). Meanwhile, 31 respondents were satisfied with a comfortable work environment by 19 people (61.3%) and dissatisfied with an uncomfortable work environment by 12 people (36.7%). Based on statistical tests on bivariate analysis with the Exact Fisher test at a 95% confidence level, a value of P = 0.084 (p < 0.05) was obtained, meaning that there was no significant relationship between a comfortable work environment and the level of midwife satisfaction. There is a significant relationship between the distribution of service fees in accordance with midwives' satisfaction in improving the performance of maternal and child health services. At the same time, there is no meaningful relationship between the comfort of the work environment and the level of midwives' satisfaction in improving the performance of maternal and child health services. There is a significant relationship between the distribution of tasks and midwife satisfaction in improving the performance of maternal and child health services. There is no significant relationship between leadership elements and midwives' satisfaction in improving the performance of maternal and child health services.

Why Kant’s Hope Took a Historical Turn in Practical Philosophy

In the beginning of his critical period, Kant treated the perfect attainment of the highest good—the unconditioned totality of ends which would uphold the perfect proportionality between moral virtue and happiness—as both the ground of hope for deserved happiness and the final end of our moral life. But I argue that Kant moved in the direction of de-emphasizing the latter aspect of the highest good, not because it is inappropriate or impossible for us to promote this ideal, but because the endless pursuit of it offers no prospect of moral satisfaction. I take this change as one possible reason for him to shift his focus more toward social and political progress in history, which has as its main subject the human species which is in some sense immortal.

The economic rationality in the culture of Gamo wealth redistribution, Southern Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Many of the studies on the moral economy of pre-capitalist African societies have singularly asserted that wealth redistribution in these societies was made only for the moral satisfaction of the redistributors. However, since the late 1960s this notion has been increasingly criticised with the claim that pre-capitalist societies were also economically rational. This paper presents the political economy of the pre-capitalist society of Gamo in Southern Ethiopia, where wealth redistribution can be interpreted as having been made not only for moral satisfaction but also for economic and political gains. The Gamo have a redistribution culture embedded in an institution known as haleqa in which economically better-off individuals redistribute wealth to the ordinary community members to get elected as clan leaders, a position that will give them opportunities to accrue economic benefits. The paper argues that cultures of wealth redistribution which are often daubed entirely ‘moral’ in fact significantly mix rational political and economic behaviours.

On the Need for Distinctive Christian Moral Psychologies

I show how those with Kantian habits of mind—those committed to maintaining certain kinds of universality in ethics—can still get involved in the project of securing the distinctiveness of Christian ethics by highlighting parts of his moral philosophy that are amenable to this project. I first describe the interaction among James Gustafson, Stanley Hauerwas, and Samuel Wells surrounding the issue of the distinctiveness of Christian ethics, to explain why Kant is generally understood as the opponent of this project in this discourse. Then I lay out his discussions of how his moral argument for postulating divine existence can have beneficial moral-psychological results, and of how we can find moral satisfaction, the sense of pleasure in our moral strivings, as two elements in his moral philosophy that can be turned into a distinctively Christian ethics with revisions that should be allowed within the broad confines of Kantian moral philosophy. I also point out that his own answer to the question of moral satisfaction is already distinctively Christian, in that it is inspired by the Christian tenets of the imputation of righteousness and the assurance of salvation.

Economics and Morality Conflicts in the Public Goods Using

Introduction. The country’s economic prosperity depends on economic, political, and social factors. A crucial component of a successful country’s development is its culture, which accumulates moral and value guidelines for the individual’s behaviour. Strict observance of moral rules is considerable for public trust formation, which is the foundation for social development. The relevance of the study is caused by the contradictions between individual and collective interests in using public goods. Individual interest gravitates toward cost reduction and avoiding payment for public goods. Instead, the collective interest consists in the moral obligation of the individual to pay for public goods for the general and individual well-being.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to interpret the phenomena of the economic, social, and cultural factors of the free-riding problem of public goods.
 Results. An attribute of public goods is their nonrivalrous nature (the use of the good does not reduce the amount of the good available to others) and non-excludable (non-payers can use the good on an equal basis with those who honestly paid). The free-ride problem of public goods cannot be reduced to market regulation, whereas all communities benefit from the resources, regardless of whether they have paid for them (taxes, transport fees) or not. Regression analysis shows no relationship between economic and moral factors, in particular, the ability to pay for a good (using public transport) does not reduce the number of people who want to get it free of charge (free ride). The cost of the service (the ticket price) also does not affect the willingness to pay or not to pay for public goods usage. Thus, it can be recognized that the economic factor is not critical in using public goods.
 Conclusions. Simultaneously, the social factor of compliance with rules and trust is principal. The awareness that other participants also pay for public goods gives moral satisfaction to the individual and positively reinforces his conscience. Individuals’ consciousness and self-limitation form a cohesive community capable of development. Consequently, the social factor influences the individual's motivation and attitude toward the community's interests. Therefore, it can be assumed that the country’s economic growth depends on cultural and social norms regarding compliance with rules and trust, in addition to other factors.

Health- or Environmental-Focused Text Messages to Increase Consumption of a Sustainable Diet among Young Adults: Importance of Expected Taste

Taste is a frequently cited barrier to the greater adoption of plant-based foods, a dietary pattern associated with both health and environmental benefits. To examine the role of expected taste in promoting greater adoption of plant-based foods, we examined the impact of a text-message intervention on the expected taste of both meat- and plant-protein foods. Young adults (n = 159) were randomly assigned to receive either health- or environment-focused text messages twice a week for eight weeks. Study measures (pre- and post-) included dietary recalls, the expected tastiness of meat- and plant-protein images and plant-based diets, consumption intention, and person-related factors such as moral satisfaction and the subjective norms of plant-based eating and health and environmental values. Participants rating plant-protein foods tastier at baseline were more likely to report higher actual (p < 0.001) and intended (p = 0.017) consumption of plant proteins following the intervention. While text messages had a limited effect on altering the expected taste of specific plant-protein foods, the messages did elevate the expected tastiness of plant-based diets. Baseline person-related factors positively predicted changes in expected tastiness of plant-based diets. Messages promoting plant-based foods may be more effective if these foods are first perceived as tasty. Furthermore, incorporating person-related considerations into messaging strategies may improve the expected taste of plant-based foods.

Moral Orientation, Moral Decision-Making, and Moral Distress Among Critical Care Physicians: A Qualitative Study.

To explore when and how critical care physicians experience moral distress in the workplace and its consequences, how physicians' professional interactions with colleagues affected their perceived level of moral distress, and in which circumstances professional rewards were experienced and mitigated moral distress. Interview-based qualitative study using inductive thematic analysis. Twenty critical care physicians practicing in Canadian ICUs who expressed interest in participating in a semi-structured interview after completion of a national, cross-sectional survey of moral distress in ICU physicians. Study participants described different ways to perceive and resolve morally challenging clinical situations, which were grouped into four clinical moral orientations: virtuous, resigned, deferring, and empathic. Moral orientations resulted from unique combinations of strength of personal moral beliefs and perceived power over moral clinical decision-making, which led to different rationales for moral decision-making. Study findings illustrate how sociocultural, legal, and clinical contexts influenced individual physicians' moral orientation and how moral orientation altered perceived moral distress and moral satisfaction. The degree of dissonance between individual moral orientations within care team determined, in part, the quantity of "negative judgments" and/or "social support" that physicians obtained from their colleagues. The levels of moral distress, moral satisfaction, social judgment, and social support ultimately affected the type and severity of the negative consequences experienced by ICU physicians. An expanded understanding of moral orientations provides an additional tool to address the problem of moral distress in the critical care setting. Diversity in moral orientations may explain, in part, the variability in moral distress levels among clinicians and likely contributes to interpersonal conflicts in the ICU setting. Additional investigations on different moral orientations in various clinical environments are much needed to inform the design of effective systemic and institutional interventions that address healthcare professionals' moral distress and mitigate its negative consequences.

A MEDICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY AMONG DOCTORS ON THE MOTIVATIONAL COMPONENT OF ENSURING THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL CARE IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES.

Aim: To analyze the impact of medical reform on the motivational component of improving the quality of medical care in health care facilities in Sumy based on the results of a medical and sociological study of doctors. Materials and Methods: The study involved 154 doctors working in inpatient and outpatient departments of health care facilities in Sumy. Sumy in June-August 2023. The study used a systematic approach, bibliosemantic, comparative and statistical analysis, and logical generalization. The data were processed and statistically analyzed using Google Forms and Microsoft Excel 2010 for Windows. Results: The study showed that 49 respondents (31.8%) are satisfied with the material and technical support at the workplace and working conditions. Almost all doctors (138 people (89.6%)) said that the actual amount of their salary does not correspond (partially or fully) to the workload at the workplace. Only 4.5% of them said that they receive extra payments for the quality of healthcare services, 21.4% of them said that they receive extra payments periodically, and 74.1% said that they do not receive extra payments at all. Despite the high level of workload and dissatisfaction with salaries, the majority of respondents (109 people (70.2%)) would not agree to change their profession to another one, even if the salary was higher. According to doctors, the most important incentives for improving the quality of healthcare services are: moral satisfaction from work and well-coordinated teamwork (76.6% of answers), financial incentives (74.7% of answers), opportunities for professional and career growth (48.7% of answers), respect from patients and society (46.8% of answers), and management recognition (13.6% of answers). Conclusions: The study has shown that today, in the context of health care system reform, there is practically no effective motivational component to improve the quality of health care in health care facilities in Sumy: 40.9% of people gave negative answers, 42.2% of people indicated only its partial existence. Regardless of the length of service, for all respondents, one of the most important motivational incentives is not only material but also moral factors and public recognition.

Didaskological format of digitalization of university training as an activation factor of students' personal potential

Problem and objective. In the context of digitalization of university education, there is a problem of teachers’ readiness to use information technologies in the logic of development student personality. The aim of the study is to develop a format for the active inclusion of teachers as guides and subjects of the information technologies implementation aimed at activating the personal potential of students. Research methods. The study used methods for designing the pedagogical implementation of information technologies in education. Experimental and monitoring work included 94 students and 9 teachers of the Belgorod National Research University and the Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. Diagnostic measurements were carried out using the following techniques: Method of diagnosing the directionality of educational motivation, Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, Morphological test of life values (MTLV), Method of diagnosing self-realization in university training. Statistical calculations included methods of parametric statistics, as well as the method of analyzing the significance of differences (using Student's t-test). Results of the study. The study presents a didaskological format for introducing information technologies, which consists of teachers linking these technologies to their teaching activities as tools for the development of educational communications to activate the personal potential of students. The application of the didascological format in the practice of online-learning for students of different universities has shown its promise. Students in the experimental group showed higher indicators of internal learning motivation (tEMP = 5.1), metacognitive involvement in learning (tEMP = 3.1), metacognitive regulation (tEMP = 3.6) due to a more noticeable information management strategy (tEMP = 4.6), control of components (tEMP = 4.3), planning (tEMP = 4.1) and assessing the effectiveness of the strategy (tEMP = 2.9). There is also an increase in the level of metacognitive knowledge (tEMP = 2.8) due to an increase of procedural knowledge (tEMP = 3.5) and conditional knowledge (tEMP = 3.1). Some values increase their significance for students, such as self-development (tEMP = 4.7), creativity (tEMP = 4.5), moral satisfaction (tEMP = 3.9) and achievement values (tEMP = 3.3). Higher level of self-realization are also recorded, in particular personal involvement in learning (tEMP = 3.2) and realization of abilities (tEMP = 2.9). Conclusion. The didascological format proposed in the study has no equivalent analogues in contemporary researches. Its uniqueness lies in the formation of a proactive and determining factor of the implementation of information technologies in higher school, namely the professional readiness of teachers for the qualified use, control and management of these technologies for the development of students' personal potential, which is the constructive and applied significance of the work done.

Impact of job mismatches on job satisfaction and turnover intention: Case of Russia

Goal: to analyze the impact of different job mismatches (education, skill and horizontal), considered both individually and in various combinations with each other, on the job satisfaction and the turnover intention regarding the Russian case. Methodology: the research method is based on the identification of eight mutually exclusive groups, that differ in the combination of three types of job matches — from the full matched ones to the triple mismatched. Findings: all types of mismatches had a negative impact on satisfaction with nonmonetary labor characteristics. The most obvious negative relationship was found with professional satisfaction and moral satisfaction. Pay satisfaction is not influenced by overeducation and by the horizontal mismatch but it has been reduced by overskilling, separately or jointly with the two other types of mismatches. All kinds of mismatches (with the exception of a horizontal one) increase the probability of finding a job. Originality and contribution of the authors: the paper focuses on the combination of the three forms of mismatches and a multidimensional measure of job satisfaction. Such an approach made it possible to distinguish more effectively what facets of job satisfaction have been more influenced by mismatches. Furthermore, the paper increases understanding of the impact of job mismatches on non-monetary labor market outcomes. The results suggest that the focus of the HR firm policy should be placed on employees, who feel their skills are underutilized.

СПЕЦИФИКА РАЗВИТИЯ КАРЬЕРНЫХ ОРИЕНТАЦИЙ В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ

Career orientations allow a person to maximize their potential and self-actualize professionally. In the case of choosing the optimal correspondence of the interests and qualities of a person with the chosen profession, his professional self-realization will proceed successfully and bring moral satisfaction. In the event that some stages are omitted in career planning, or a professional choice is made randomly, or due to the conditions of the situation (quotas for free education, lack of vacancies in desired professions, the desire of parents, etc.), then a person in most cases, faces difficulties in realizing their qualities and potential. Career orientation is a lengthy process and includes professional self-determination, awareness of needs and goals, tasks for their implementation, assessment of one’s strengths, understanding the content of the future profession. Independence and the active role of the personality itself is the driving force in the process of its development. A person makes a choice of a profession, a place of study, and then independently builds his career, gains experience and realizes his capabilities. Accordingly, the process of professional self-determination does not end after choosing a profession. It continues to develop in the course of education, as well as at the beginning of professional activity. In order to judge the success of professional self-determination, it is necessary to take into account the completeness of the formation of a person’s idea of a future profession, as well as about himself as a future professional. At present, understanding the problem of forming a career path, professional development of a specialist in the system of higher education, determining the role of each subject of professional design acquires theoretical as well as practical significance.

The impact of employment factors on the perception of work-life balance among employees

The article analyses part of the results of a survey of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan aged 17 and over, conducted in October-November 2020 as part of the study &amp;amp;quot;Quality of Employment and Human Development&amp;amp;quot;. The volume of the analysed subsample of employees is 898 people. It is correct for employees of the Republic by gender, age, place of residence. The subject of the analysis is the influence of labour factors on the perception of work and personal life as balanced or unbalanced among employees. The main objective of the article is to test the hypothesis that the low quality of employment contributes to the formation of a sense of imbalance and dissatisfaction with work and life in general.&#x0D; The results showed that the hypothesis was generally confirmed. A number of features of employment that characterise it as low quality increase the proportion of those who feel an imbalance in work and personal life. These include: work without formal employment (informal employment); work not in the specialty; negative labour practices (delays at work, working on weekends, doing work at home during non-working hours, performing work functions in a state of illness, restrictions taking care of one's health due to work).&#x0D; Negative subjective characteristics of labour activity also contribute to an increase in the level of imbalance between work and the rest of life: dissatisfaction with working conditions, its safety, psychological climate, technical equipment, sanitary and hygienic conditions; perception of the place of work as the one of the injustice, insecurity and as the one where it is difficult to defend one's rights; non-compliance by the employer with the terms of the employment contract. In part, the imbalance contributes to the instability of employment, the possibility of losing a job.&#x0D; One of the results of the study is the conclusion that the feeling of balance/imbalance is associated with subjective assessments of work and personal life, they are more negative in the group with imbalance and more positive in the group with balance. Differences are especially evident in assessments of work as bringing pleasure and moral satisfaction, in assessments of life as one in which it was possible to achieve everything that one wanted.

Save near-expired food: Does a message to avoid food waste affect food purchase and household waste prevention behaviors?

Food waste, especially at the retail and consumer level, is a critical societal issue. Consumers' reluctance to purchase and consume near-expired food is a major contributor. Retailers have taken actions to promote near-expired food; however, it is unclear how their actions influence both purchase and consumption of near-expired food. This research examines one retail strategy aiming to reduce food waste—a message about food waste avoidance (without discounts). Specifically, four experiments (N = 1196) using various measurements of food waste prevention behaviors and one single-paper meta-analysis reveal that a message about food waste avoidance increases consumers’ willingness to buy near-expired food through increased moral satisfaction. After purchasing near-expired food, consumers engage in more waste prevention behaviors for it than for other food regardless of whether consumers encounter the food-waste-avoidance message. In addition, we find indications that increased moral satisfaction deriving from the food-waste-avoidance message motivates consumers to conduct more household waste prevention behaviors for the purchased near-expired food. Together, these findings suggest that a message about food waste avoidance can be a potentially effective strategy to reduce the waste of near-expired food. This research extends our understanding of the purchase and consumption of near-expired food and supports retail messages about food waste avoidance to sell near-expired food.