Moral Ideas Research Articles

Etika vlastno-sobstvennicheskih otnoshenij proizvodstvennyh verhov rossijskogo obshchestva (konec 1920-h – nachalo 1950-h gg.)

The article discusses the main elements of the ethical ideas of the country's industrial elite about the power-proprietary relations of the Stalinist period. Among them are the formation of the ethics of economic activity, the ethics of actions in a hierarchical corporation of production elites, the moral boundaries of the possibilities for disposing and using the means of production and labor products, etc. The article was prepared on the materials of the funds of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History and the State Archive of the Russian Federation.

Narrative Techniques and Symbolism in the Ramayana: A Literary Analysis

For ages, academics have been fascinated by the epic poem known as the Ramayana, which is considered to be one of the most respected works of Indian literature. This study will conduct an extensive literary examination of the Ramayana, with a special emphasis on the Ramayana's storytelling strategies and symbolism. This research aims to discover the deeper levels of significance that are buried in the epic's verses by conducting an investigation of the complex narrative techniques that are used throughout the text. It explores the use of allegory, metaphor, and allegorical storytelling that the sage Valmiki, the epic's original author, and successive retellers utilised in their narratives. The look at the ubiquitous symbolism in the Ramayana and analyses how it functions as a potent vehicle for transmitting important philosophical, ethical, and cultural ideas. This research aims to shed light on the enduring literary significance of the Ramayana and its capacity to resonate with readers across a wide variety of cultural and temporal contexts by dissecting the text on both a structural and thematic level. The research was carried out in order to achieve this goal. As a result of this, it provides new insights into the ageless allure and everlasting significance of this ancient epic.

In Search of Inner Self:Yunus Emre’s Mysticism and Emerson’s Transcendentalism

How could a person seek freedom of inner self and find the truth? Acording to Ralph Waldo Emerson, this is possible through Self-Reliance. From Emerson’s transcendental perspective, the most important thing for a person is to know himself. On the other hand, approximately six hundred years before Emerson, the Turkish poet Yunus Emre gave a very similar message with the phrase Know Yourself. Emre’s perspective on inner self, truth, and love is closely related to Emerson’s ethical ideas, indicating that both writers lead us towards Neoplatonic theories of knowledge. Emre and Emerson came from contrasting cultural backgrounds and had distinct living and working conditions and learning envi- ronments. Emre hails from the Turkish culture and is a disciple (murid) of a Sufi spiritual teacher (murshid), in contrast Emerson comes from a Unitarian background, but he does not follow a lineage and relies on his individual actions. Despite this, they both have an inclu- sive attitude that encompasses all of humanity. Although there seems to be no references to the Turkish poet Emre in Emerson’s texts, there are a lot of commonalities in their writings in terms of self and inner-self. These philosophers - who lived in different continents, thou- sands of miles away from each other and at different times - listened to the universe with the same ear, with the same heart. Thus, they appear as two poets who aim to help people know themselves and add meaning to their lives, not only in their own society but also in other societies. Therefore, this study focuses on the unseen connection between these literary figures and through comparative analysis; it seeks to shed light on the shared mystical and transcendental themes that connect Emre and Emerson across time and cultural boundaries.

Research on the Mechanism of Dual Integration and Promotion of Confucian Moral Education Thought and College Students’ Civic Education Based on Data Fusion Model

Abstract This paper uses Data fusion technology to integrate Confucian moral education with Civic Education. Different information sources are detected, and their parameter states are estimated using a weighted estimation algorithm. Principal component analysis is used to linearly transform the original information and calculate the weight values of the main feature vectors. The trust function is established using the D-S combination theory to achieve the fusion of knowledge structures. The results show that the average access rate of the teaching platform constructed based on data fusion reached 89.2% per week, and the average number of platform hits was around 716 per week. It shows that the integration of Confucian moral education ideas has enriched the content of Civic Education for college students and realized the teaching mechanism of double integration and double promotion.

An analysis of the applicability of integrating Confucian moral education ideas into the Civic Education of college students under the perspective of cultural communication

Abstract This paper firstly constructs the mutual mechanism between the characteristics of Confucian moral education thought, and college students’ Civic Education and the influence mechanism of college students’ psychological characteristics on the integration of Confucian moral education thought. Then a logistic regression model of the integration of Confucian moral education into Civic Education was established, and data collection, pre-processing, missing data processing and parameter estimation steps were carried out. Finally, the results of the application of Confucian moral education thought in Civic Education were analyzed, including the analysis of the factors influencing the integration effect and the analysis of the results of psycho-social cognitive factors on the optimization of moral education strategies. The results show that the interaction coefficients of the three regression models of the exposure to Confucian moral education ideas and the effect of ideological and political education dissemination among college students are 0.7325, 0.4817, and 0.3885, respectively, and the coefficients of the interaction terms are all significant at the level of 0.05. The research in this paper has some reference value for promoting the development of moral education and the transmission of cultural values.

SYMBOLIC AND MYTHOPOETIC MEANING OF THE CONCEPT OF SERIKBALL KONDYBAI «PRIMORDIAL LAND»

The article analyzes the mythological, symbolic statements and views of the mythologist S. Kondybai. The meaning of the concept «Primordial Land», which has become one of the main characteristics of the ancient Kazakh worldview, its connection with poetic works, cultural code, and the relationship with aspects of national self-consciousness were differentiated. As a result of the mythopoetic analysis, the spiritual concepts of the scientist's heritage, that is necessary for modern Kazakh society, were clarified and vividly reflected. The connection between the myth and the poetic work was also the main form of the article. To prove this, the analysis of mythological layers, symbolic images and artistic details in the poetry of such Kazakh poets as S.Maulenov, K.Amanzholov, M.Makatayev was carried out. Also, such literary aspects as the «Primordial Land», first-time beliefs, traditions, and the worldview of the ancestors in these poetic texts were considered in a new way. In general, it is known that S. Kondybai deeply and carefully studied the system of symbols of indigenous peoples, which began to be forgotten, and its functions. A sign, a symbol, a detail, the unity of an image – represents the values of an entire epoch, its moral and humanistic ideas. Therefore, the influence of history on literature and literature on history is always great. According to the scientist, the vital values of the «ancient Kazakhs» are based on these categories. This horizon of knowledge and theoretical research are present in the article. In order to clarify the ideas about mythology, myth, symbol, they were formulated in the works of mythologists, literary critics.

This is Undignified! Comparing the Representation of Human Dignity on Cheaters and Uyajola 9/9

Calls have resonated within media scholarship and practice for more ethical oversight in the production and distribution of media content by producers through ethical frameworks. This article intervenes in the literature on the global debate around media ethics frameworks by focusing on the underexploredvalue of human dignity in the context of television reality shows. The article makes two interventions in relation to the value of dignity, one theoretical and another applied. The theoretical intervention, contrary to the tendency to rely on Western cultures and theories to conceptualise human dignity, draws from a Global South perspective, specifically from the African ethical idea of Ubuntu that proffers a relational (as opposed to an individualist) conception of human dignity. The applied ethics intervention responds to the scant literature focusing on the representation of human dignity in media ethics. The article uses Ubuntu’s theory of human dignity to compare the representation of participants on similar factual television shows from the United States of America (USA) and South Africa depicting relational infidelity. Multimodal critical discourse analysis from three episodes of Cheaters and three episodes of South Africa’s Uyajola 9/9 (n=6) reveal that human dignity in the representation of the participants in these two shows is often neglected in the media production process, leaving many questions about the global and local media ethics of these two reality shows.

Alexander Shchipkov’s So- cial Traditionalism

Alexander Vladimirovich Shchipkov is a famous Russian Orthodox philosopher and public fi gure. A few years ago, his keynote monograph The Social Tradition was published. It is focused on the presentation of his concept of the social traditionalism. In it, Shchipkov notes that liberalism has ceased to be one of modernist ideologies. It actually has turned into the language of the modern Western world and absorbed the ideologies that were previously considered as its alternatives: socialism and rightwing conservatism. Guided by the ideas of Wallerstein’s world-system analysis, Shchipkov refutes the theory of two totalitarianisms. Shchipkov sees the Christian moral economics and the conservative socialism as the alternative to liberalism. The socialism is not reduced to the Soviet-type “real socialism”. Shchipkov points to “variations on the theme of social fairness” in the “Acts of the Apostles”, among teachers and fathers of the church. He also highlights Byzantium, the traditions of the Russian peasant community, and Western “general welfare” states. Shchipkov gives weight to the presence of a socialist stream in the USSR. Not in the Soviet Marxist state, but in the Soviet society, which adopted a lot from the spirit of the peasant world. Shchipkov considers the following disadvantages of the Soviettype socialism: the isolation from the national tradition and the attempt to use the proletarian internationalism instead of Russian national values when building the core of the state of social fairness. According to Alexander Shchipkov, the turn to tradition is now taking place on a global scale. However, tradition and traditionalism can be diff erent. Alexander Shchipkov counters the right-wing, guénonian and neo-Protestant liberal traditionalism with the leftwing traditionalism resting upon the apostolic Christianity, the idea of collective salvation, morality, creativity, technological progress, moral state, solidarism, egalitarianism, and democracy. This is what he calls the social tradition. The review suggests the idea that the Christian worldview expects one speaking not only about tradition, but also about social creativity.

ФОРМУВАННЯ МОРАЛЬНО-ПАТРІОТИЧНИХ ПОЧУТТІВ У ДІТЕЙ ПЕРДШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

The actual problem of education is the moral and patriotic upbringing of the child was aimed at the formation of: value orientations, interests and needs, and a moral position. After all, at an early age, the foundations of the moral development of the individual are laid, and ideas, feelings, and habits are also developed, which direct its further improvement in the future life. In our country, the structure of education is focused primarily on the personality of the child and on the importance of creating the right conditions for his development. To date, the most important task of today's pedagogy is the formation of a highly moral personality through the education of moral feelings. The multifacetedness and significance of education and the instillation of these feelings in the formation of a child's personality caused close attention to research that is relevant in our modern time. In modern society, there is a discrepancy between the construction of the educational process within the framework of the implementation of the requirements of the educational program of the preschool education institution on moral and patriotic education and the insufficient methodological development of the problem of forming moral foundations and patriotic ideas in the personality of the preschool child. Therefore, gaps appear in the child's development, which are very difficult to compensate for at the next stages of education and upbringing. Accordingly, the article analyzes the approaches to understanding the concepts of "Morality" and "Patriotism" as one whole component and each concept separately in scientific and psychological and pedagogical literature. The content of the concept we are researching with its purpose and content is indicated and scientifically substantiated, the characteristic features of the formation of moral and patriotic feelings are highlighted, and their content is outlined as a key link in the field of education and training. The legal framework was considered. The specified features of the age we are studying and its characteristic nuances and characteristics. The concept of "moral and patriotic feelings" was considered through the prism of the three-dimensional model "Educator-ParentChildren" as a component of the studied category. The main problems and gaps in the educator's work are explained on the basis of the conducted research, which was substantiated and recorded in our article. Relevant methodical recommendations for parents and educators are provided. Our assumptions have been confirmed and recorded that the process of forming moral ideas should be complex, be present in all activities of preschoolers, and be carried out in specially organized classes. The prospects for further research into the issues that were recorded in our research and led to the writing of the article are outlined.

Continuity in the Interpretations of Legal Relationships in the Case of Unjustified Enrichment

The paper provides a theoretical justification of some substantive constructions that have constituted the civilistic heritage of the past periods and have laid the basis for the modern interpretation of legal relations concerning unjustified enrichment. The paper analyzes the continuity in the development of legal relations regarding the concept of unjustified enrichment. The author has shown that legal relations on unjustified enrichment are of systemic importance for the current law and order. They are located in a very extensive legal field of claims aimed at compensation for damage, and they represent civil law relations of a protective type. Being a real social phenomenon and, at the same time, a civilistic category, legal relations in unjustified enrichment can be analyzed: a) from the standpoint of economics; b) from a legal standpoint; c) from the standpoint of justice (they should coincide with legal standings, which in practice is not always achievable). Continuity in the interpretations of legal relations concerning unjustified enrichment expressed in the dynamics of their historical and legal development provides variability, gradual complication of forms and, at the same time, the constancy of the basic ethical and legal idea of the prohibition of unjustified enrichment. Markers of continuity include: 1) the general principle underlying the corresponding obligation; 2) formal and substantive criteria for determining the groundlessness in the enrichment process; 3) possible tools (forms, methods and means) for the protection of violated rights. Defining each of the listed elements in relation to a particular stage of the economic and legal development of society, we get a general picture of continuity, which for prognostic purposes can be extrapolated to the perspective of the development of the institution of a version claim in the domestic legal system.

A Tentative Study of John Steinbeck’s Morality in East of Eden

East of Eden is one of the most famous novels by American author and Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck. The title of the novel, "East of Eden," is taken from the Bible, a place where sin and hope coexist. Although the book has been criticized by many literary critics, Steinbeck's unique moral ideas in the book are worthy of careful study by future generations. Based on East of Eden, this paper will analyze some important characters and metaphors in the novel from the two levels of "Free Will" and "Guilty Inheritance", and analyze Steinbeck's moral concepts and gain inspiration from them.

Augustine and Confucian Virtues: Mencius and Augustine on the Proper Motivations for Moral Conduct

In this essay, we analyze Mencius’s ethics through the lenses of Augustine’s critique of pagan virtue and its tendency to self-love. In the first part of this essay, we outline the basic conceptual framework of Augustine’s theory of virtue and the brunt of his criticism of the pagan virtue tradition. In the latter part, we explore how Mencius manages to avoid the Augustinian charge against the pagans that they render virtue subservient to honor, and how he largely agrees with Augustine on what place public performance of virtuous deeds should have. At the same time, Mencius’s emphasis on loving virtue for its own sake at times slides into expressions of taking delight in one’s own virtue, a subtler form of self-love that Augustine identifies especially in the Stoic philosophy. While Mencius gives space to the role of Heaven in his ethic, he lacks the theocentric pathos of Augustine, which includes, inter alia, an acknowledgment of our human frailty and deep dependence on God’s grace. Although Mencius’s ethical ideas ultimately correspond rather to those that Augustine associates with pagan virtue, Mencius represents at least a “higher” form that finds meaningful common ground with Augustine on several important issues.

Mental health and psychiatry: Distinctions, links, and ethical/bioethical perspectives

Introduction. Mental health and psychiatry have been terms of intense and complex use for almost a century, and they may have reached a critical level of ambiguous and imprecise synonymy that makes their definition and validation difficult. Objective. To examine these concepts in depth, establishing precise distinctions, ontological connections, and instrumental scope reinforced by well-defined ideas in ethics and bioethics. Method. Narrative review of pertinent literature, consultation with diverse scientific, medical, historical, philosophical, and literary sources, with appropriate analysis of ethical and bioethical practices. Results. A broad, comprehensive definition is elaborated of mental health as a field with sociocultural, political, and demographic implications, and of psychiatry as a medical specialty. In addition to making clear distinctions and describing the specific impact of both fields on diverse populations, various levels of conceptual linkages, sociopolitical action, and ethical content are highlighted, as well as in processes of administration, education, and research. Discussion and conclusion. There are factors that reinforce or weaken the scope of mental health and psychiatry, including their ethical and bioethical dimensions. Their effectiveness requires a reaffirmation of objectives and the reinforcement of individual and institutional initiatives, as well as the search for authentic connections and a social projection that is objective, comprehensive, and just.

Уважение к старшим как традиция воспитания в современной хакасской семье

The article discusses the results of an empirical study of the tradition of raising respect for elders in children of six or seven years old in a modern Khakass family. The relevance of the study is due to the need to familiarize the younger generations with the traditional values of the people and the formation of the spiritual and moral culture of the child's personality. The purpose of the study is to study the traditions of upbringing in the Khakass family, namely, a respectful attitude towards elders. One of the tasks of the work was the study of the moral ideas of children of senior preschool age. The study was conducted in the kindergarten “Kalinka” in Abakan on the basis of empirical methods and the research methodology “Subject Pictures”. The modern Khakass family is influenced by transformational processes and partially preserves ethno-cultural traditions. The tradition of respect for elders and adults is recognized by respondents as significant in the moral education of children, but is not considered as an independent cultural value. In the modern Khakass family, the described tradition in the moral education of children is partially preserved. In the moral ideas of older preschoolers, holistic reasoning about good and bad, good and evil prevails, there is an idea of helping elders, but the understanding of the concept of “respect for elders” is still poorly formed.

Генезис и место в системе знаний представлений о добре и зле

The article examines the ontological genesis of good and evil, the place of ideas about these categories, as well as ethical tools in the form of moral and ethical norms in the system of knowledge about the world. It states the existence of the problem of fragmentation of the knowledge system, which affects the sphere of philoso-phy, including ethics. The origin of good and evil from the processes of creation and destruction is argued. Thus, the connection between the ideas about these categories and the understanding of benefits for mankind, society and civilization is shown, as well as the historicity of ethical ideas that change with the expansion of knowledge and socio-economic development of society. As a priority direction in the evolution of the system of moral and ethical perceptions, the development of the system of knowledge, of which ethics is a part, is sug-gested. Such development can be facilitated by the empirical-metaphysical general theory of systems pro-posed by the author. There is a significant discrepancy between legal theory and practice and the system of ethical ideas, the overcoming of which can also be ensured by the expansion of knowledge and the formation of their integral system.

Operationalising AI ethics through the agile software development lifecycle: a case study of AI-enabled mobile health applications

AbstractAlthough numerous ethical principles and guidelines have been proposed to guide the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, it has proven difficult to translate these principles into actionable practices beyond mere adherence to ethical ideas. This is particularly challenging in the context of AI systems for healthcare, which requires balancing the potential benefits of the solution against the risks to patients and the wider community, including minorities and underserved populations. To address this challenge, we propose a shift from one-size-fits-all ethical principles to contextualized case-based ethical frameworks. This study uses an AI-enabled mHealth application as a case study. Our framework is built on existing ethical guidelines and principles, including the AI4People framework, the EU High-Level Expert Group on trustworthy AI, and wider human rights considerations. Additionally, we incorporate relational perspectives to address human value concerns and moral tensions between individual rights and public health. Our approach is based on ”ethics by design,” where ethical principles are integrated throughout the entire AI development pipeline, ensuring that ethical considerations are not an afterthought but implemented from the beginning. For our case study, we identified 7 ethical principles: fairness, agility, precision, safeguarding humanity, respect for others, trust and accountability, and robustness and reproducibility. We believe that the best way to mitigate and address ethical consequences is by implementing ethical principles in the software development processes that developers commonly use. Finally, we provide examples of how our case-based framework can be applied in practice, using examples of AI-driven mobile applications in healthcare.

Ordinary Aesthetics and Ethics in the Haiku Poetry of Matsuo Bashō: A Wittgensteinian Perspective

AbstractThis article explores how the notion ofordinary aestheticscan stem, as well as the one ofordinary ethics, from thatrevolution of the ordinarystarted by Wittgenstein and further developed by philosophers like Cavell and Diamond. The idea ofordinary ethicsemphasizes the importance of everyday life and the particular details of our experiences. This concept can be extended to aesthetics, forming the basis of a modality of aesthetic appreciation that recognize values and importance in the details and nuances of everyday experience. One example of suchordinary aestheticscan be found in thehaikupoetry of Bashō. Bashō’s poetry often focuses on the ordinary and mundane aspects of life, such as the changing of seasons, the sound of rain, or the sight of a bird in flight, but also on that lower world made of insects, rotten foliage, and excrements. Bashō conveys in poetry the core ofZenphilosophy, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all things and the value of living in the present moment. This approach to aesthetics offers an alternative to more traditional modes of aesthetic appreciation, which tend to prioritize grandeur, spectacle, and formal perfection. Ultimately, the concept of ordinary aesthetics invites us to find the intrinsic importance in the simple things that surround us and to cultivate a deeper appreciation for the richness of our everyday lives.

The (not so) secret governors of the internet: Morality policing and platform politics

A growing body of academic work on internet governance focuses on the ‘deplatforming of sex’, or the removal and suppression of sexual expression from the internet. Often, this is linked to the 2018 passing of FOSTA/SESTA – much-criticized twin bills that make internet intermediaries liable for content that promotes or facilitates prostitution or sex trafficking. We suggest analyzing both internet governance and the deplatforming of sex in conjunction with long-term agendas of conservative lobbying groups. Specifically, we combine media historiography, policy analysis, and thematic and discourse analysis of the National Center on Sexual Exploitation’s (NCOSE, formerly Morality in Media) press releases and media texts to show how conservative moral entrepreneurs weaponize ideas of morality, obscenity, and harm in internet governance. We illustrate how NCOSE has, directly and indirectly, interfered in internet governance, first by lobbying for rigorous enforcement of obscenity laws and then for creating internet-specific obscenity laws (which we argue CDA, COPA, and FOSTA/SESTA all were for NCOSE). We show how NCOSE adjusted their rhetoric to first link pornography to addiction and pedophilia and later to trafficking and exploitation; how they took advantage of the #metoo momentum; mastered legal language, and incorporated an explicit anti-internet stance.

Феноменологична основа на спекулативната етика

The article hypothesizes the necessary transition from logic to ethics in the context of human spiritual evolution and modern perspectives on artificial intelligence systems. This is done by means of the dialectical method, considered, following Hegel’s example, as an absolute me-thod of knowledge. In the dynamic between the logical and the ethical crystallizes the idea of speculative ethics, which has a phenomenological basis. Speculative ethics is presented in an axiological plan, as a theoretical field on which the systematization and organization of values and the construction of a peculiar philosophy of universal human values are distribu-ted. In the course of the conceptual analysis of the mentioned transition, a new idea is advanced – about the need for a phenomenology of ethical life, which speculative ethics presupposes. Thus, two moments are distinguished – of phenomenological becoming and of speculative-ethical becoming. The first achieves a constitution of the pure being of values, and the second frames the transition to their existence. As a result of all this, the becoming essence of the absolute subject and universal human values is assumed, which has before itself the task of building the new postglobal world.

Утопический текст поэмы «Искендер-наме» Низами

The article focuses on the humanistic ideals of Nizami Ganjavi, reflecting his philosophical and ethical ideas of an ideal society and perfect power. The “internal” plot of “Iskander Nameh” – about the stay of Iskander (the eastern name of Alexander the Great) in a fertile country – is a utopian text in which Nizami’s views on the or-ganization of society and the role of the ruler in it are most systematically presented. The hero of Nizami’s po-em is a ruler who is concerned with the search for a just social order. The article discusses the textual factors of the plot of this work, comparing them with the accepted in the European tradition and used by the predecessors of Nizami, in particular, Firdovsi. It is emphasized that in the analyzed poem the oriental tradition develops in accordance with the poet’s and thinker’s philosophical and ethical views on the role of the ruler and just social relations in social life.