Moral Content Research Articles

Жанр рассказа-притчи в прозе В.И. Даля

The article substantiates the definition of the genre of Dal’s stories and novellas as a story-parable that carries a lesson about the laws of human life. In Dal’s prose emphasis is not so much on the exact external “physiognomy” of human types, but on the deep moral and existential content that is revealed to the reader with their help. The genre specificity of Dal’s prose reflects his Christian worldview, which is similar to the popular one and enriched with reflection and a special artistic gift of the writer. The author of the article demonstrates the reason for the inadequate perception of Dal’s prose in N. Chernyshevsky’s critical assessments. In addition, he refutes the frequent statement that Dal’s “Pictures from Russian Life,” which were to allegedly cover the entire national life, were scattered into fragmented sketches and were not permeated with a single thought. In fact, these “pictures,” although extremely diverse in their subject matter due to the diversity of life itself, are internally clearly united in their general meaning. Dal selected bright stories, generally reflecting the general moral life of the Russian people from the most positive side. Each of these stories carries a deep Christian meaning: in each of them there is a person overcoming or paying his sin, as well as repentance and a general transfiguration and renewal of the soul. Sometimes he shows also the heroic features of the national character. In Dal’s stories-parables an indication of the inner complexity, the dialectic of life, always full of internal contradictions and incomprehensibility, often appears. Dal was the author who accepted the need for updating the genre of the parable. This need was due to the fact that the reader wanted to preserve the genres of traditional culture (fairy tales and parables), but in a new literary form.

THE PROBLEM OF ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN THE WORKS GABDULLA TUKAY THE ENLIGHTENER OF THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY

The subject of the research is the moral content of the works of G. Tukay (26/04/1886 - 15/04/1913) the enlightener of the late XIX - early XX century. A lot has been written about the educator G. Tukay. There are Tukay scholars who have been researching the life and work of the enlightener. His creative work and pedagogical activity, as well as the educational significance of his didactic works, were noted by many contemporaries, then by Tatar, Russian, and foreign scientists and educators. His works have been translated into many languages of the world and are read all over the world. The works of the educator are available to all readers on the Internet. G. Tukay is valuable because he raised global problems reflecting the dreams and aspirations of the Tatar people. Nevertheless, G. Tukay has not yet been fully revealed as a teacher and educator, his works on the content of different areas of education have not been analyzed. This article reveals the environmental problems raised by the educator; reveals the tasks that he set for himself as an educator. In the course of the research, methods of analysis and synthesis of the artistic works of the educator G. Tukay, comparison, identification of the main factors of environmental education, etc. have been applied. As a result of the work, the poems "A Child and a Butterfly", "Autumn", "Signs of Spring" and the poem "Shurale" have been analyzed, in which the problem of environmental education is revealed in a peculiar and hidden way. This emphasizes the distinctive features of the enlightener's creativity. The results of the study can be applied in teaching the "History of Pedagogy and Education" in terms of the regional component of pedagogical education in universities, pedagogical colleges, advanced training of primary school teachers, the Tatar language and literature. Having analyzed the works of the educator of the late XIX - early XX century, G. Tukay, the authors have concluded that the problem of environmental education is relevant at all times. Tukay, as an educator, pays special attention to the ecological education of children, and in nature he elevates the strength of a man, love for the nature of his native land, emphasizes the creative role of a man in nature protection.

The Abuse of Conscience: A Century of Catholic Moral Theology, MatthewLevering, Eerdmans, 2021 (ISBN 978‐0‐8082‐7950‐9), viii + 360 pp., hb $45

The Abuse of Conscience: A Century of Catholic Moral Theology, MatthewLevering, Eerdmans, 2021 (ISBN 978‐0‐8082‐7950‐9), viii + 360 pp., hb $45

A.N. Savenkov. Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace

The peer-reviewed monograph by A.N. Savenkov “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace” touches upon many problems of International Criminal Law, international relations, legal consciousness, moral content of law, legal and political ideology. The author highly appreciates the author’s analysis of the legal foundations and concepts of the Nuremberg Tribunal, the consideration of the trial and Verdict both in the broad context of the world political and legal processes between the two world wars, and from the position of the formation of the principles of International Criminal Law for the second half of the twentieth century, their impact on subsequent trials of war criminals. The publication of the full official text of the Verdict of the International Military Tribunal of 1946 is recognized as a special value of the work.

Нравственно-правовые основы возбуждения уголовного дела по факту преднамеренного банкротства организации

Features of the moral content of the provisions regulating the initiation of criminal proceedings for crimes in the field of entrepreneurial and other economic activities are considered. Peculiarities of the initiation of criminal cases on the facts of intentional bankruptcy of organizations are analyzed.

The Creative Heritage of N.G. Dzhusoyty in the Ossetian-Alan Education System

Relevance lies in the fact that the problems of education in modern social and political conditions acquire special importance and especially in the conditions of increasing phenomena of moral and spiritual impoverishment. National literature plays a major role in overcoming this phenomenon. Prominent representatives of it, and in the conditions of Ossetia-Alania to them can rightly include N.G. Dzhusoyty (1925-2017), left a rich creative heritage that can and should be used in the cause of popular education. The history of the people is revealed in the activities of specific people and this activity is conditioned not only by the makings of man but also by the social background on which he has to act. People define the times and times that correct people, their thoughts, actions, desires. The purpose of this publication is to analyze the psychological and educational aspect of the creative heritage of N.G. Dzhusoyty, of course, without a claim to the full disclosure of this problem of the study. The greatness of his creative potential lies in the fact that the analysis of the works of his creative heritage reveals not only the facets of his talent, wisdom and beauty of his syllable, rich moral content, but also the possibility of their use in educational and educational activities. inference. The article highlights and analyzes such aspects of the creative heritage of the aforementioned prominent figure of Ossetian-Alan culture as ethnopedagogue. The image of the mother, the main educator in human life, folk poetry, prominent representatives of culture, who managed to present moral role models to the world and create a spiritual outlook and human character are highlighted. The article substantiates the idea that it is expedient to introduce in all educational institutions of North and South Ossetia a special course “Teaching motives of N.G. Dzhusoyty’s work”. Its materials will contribute not only to the analysis of the effectiveness of forms and means of improving the educational level of students, but also their general education.

Human Dignity and Its Premises in the Pandemic Crisis

Human dignity is a component that is part of the quality of existing as a human being even if the latter is the product of creationism or evolutionism. In its content, dignity is the carrier of complex scientific valences, combining the philosophical-religious paradigm with the legal one. In this context, the literature presents human dignity as an aspect traditionally associated with the division of public law, which evokes a super-positive reality, synthesizing elements of religion, ethics and morals located in a position superior to positive law, orienting the latter. The modern meaning given to human dignity oscillates between the illustrative character and the prescriptive character being constituted, in a complex sense, by the fusion between the moral content and the coercive right (Habermas, 2010, pp. 464-480) and, from another perspective, a stable notion that presupposes an objective moral principle that makes possible the legal recognition of human rights. The inability to include human dignity as a right in a unitary conceptualization leads, first of all, to the vast philosophical hermeneutics that is implicit in the discourse on dignity.

Literary Form and Ethical Content

Abstract The paper offers a qualified endorsement of Terry Eagleton’s striking claim that “a work’s moral outlook … may be secreted as much in its form as its content”. A number of points are raised in defence of the claim: an argument for the inseparability, under certain conditions, of form and content in a literary work; an idea of moral content, not as derived moral principle, but as inward-facing interpretation grounded in an ethical vocabulary; the possibility of internal and external perspectives on fictional characters; and an emphasis on emotions expressed in, rather than caused by, narrative. Three literary examples are explored, to show how vocabulary, syntax, implicature, and tone, contribute to the emergence of moral salience. A consequence drawn is that the ethical stance readers take to a scene or incident is partially shaped by the narrative modes of its presentation. The overall perspective of the paper is that of aesthetic autonomism: the view that the aesthetic value of a work of literature is distinct from, and not reducible to, any instrumental moral values (positive or negative) attributed to the work.

Fundamental Code of Natural Laws in Ifá́ ́́ Divination as Agents of Morality for Good Governance in Nigeria

Ifá is the natural wisdom and knowledge concerning all life activities divinely revealed to Ọ́ rúnmìlà by Olódùmarè, God in Yorùbá belief. It is the living foundation and custodian of the deity, moral, economic, language, religion, healing arts, tradition, culture and metaphysical orders. However, the concern of this paper is on the moral contents of the natural laws in Ifá corpus. Basically, there are two fundamental codes of natural laws in Ifá divination under which all other laws in Ifá exist. The first law enjoined every human being to acknowledge Olódùmarè as the Supreme Being and father of the universe who created all things. While the second law says “do unto others what you want them do unto you.” However, it is quite unfortunate that, today, these laws that linked human relationships with the Supreme Being and the dos and don’ts of the divinities and those that hold the society together in harmonious relationships are no longer in proper use. This is evident in the lack of fear for the Creator, mismanagement of public funds, embezzlement and political killings, to mention a few. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the natural laws in Ifá and suggest how it can help sustain our fragile democracy as it did in the traditional society in the past for the sake of our future. The paper is premised on Matthew Flanagan’s theory of divine commands which asserts that what is moral is determined by what God commands, and to be moral is to follow his commands.

Evaluation of Southwood Education Project for Orphaned and Vulnerable Children in Lutheran Church Northern Diocese Secondary Schools in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

The study was formative evaluation of Southwood education project for orphaned and vulnerable children in Northern Diocese secondary schools in Kilimanjaro Region Tanzania. The study was guided by five evaluation questions in assessing the efficiency, effectiveness and utilization of resources in relation to the objectives of supporting orphaned and vulnerable children to acquire moral education. The study used mixed methods approach under convergent design in data collection, analysis and presentation. The study employed probability and non-probability sampling technique. The target population composed Project Director. Project Administrators, Heads Schools, Teachers and students who are orphaned and vulnerable children supported by the project. Data were gathered through interview guide, and questionnaire. Quantitative data was analyzed in form of frequency, percentages and presented tables with the help of statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Qualitative data analysis was done through direct quotations from respondents. Major findings from the study were that: the project has succeeded the OVCs were provided with moral education training through different aspects on moral education, provision of Health care, guidance and counseling. Evaluation findings concluded that, the objectives of the project were achieved since there were provisions for training seminars for moral education content. Recommendations, in order to enhance moral content in the society the government should proceed supporting Non-Governmental Organizations on provision of education to the orphaned and vulnerable students, because when orphans and vulnerable children are not handled enough it may cause some of them to engage in drug abuse, prostitution and early marriage, the only way to help them is through providing education and protecting them especially adding number of them in boarding schools.

Mina All New: An Unmarried Mother on Italian Television in the Early 1960s

In 1960s Italy, mass culture played an important role in the circulation of ideas as tens-of-millions of people read magazines, listened to music, and watched television. In 1963, Mina – one of Italy’s most popular singers and a variety television star – had an illegitimate child. Despite this public moral lapse, her records continued to sell, magazines reported on her situation, and advertisers continued to use her to promote products. While the Italian state and the Catholic Church sought to guide the public and slow the pace of social change by restricting mass culture, Mina’s case reveals cracks in the mediation of moral content by the state broadcaster and demonstrates the growing influence of middle-class audiences by the end of Italy’s economic ‘miracle’. The article uses magazine and television content, market research, and viewer surveys to argue that Mina’s case shows the importance of mass culture in social change and new limits to church and state control over audiences. Mina’s career recovery would have been unthinkable a few years earlier. Her return to television variety in 1965 demonstrated the importance of mass culture in social change, and a new role for audiences, advertisers and enterprises in setting Italy’s moral codes.

The effect of the brightness metaphor on memory.

Brightness-based metaphor effects on perception have been widely documented. For example, moral content makes perception brighter. But does moral content make a bright memory brighter? We tested the effect of the moral brightness metaphor on different cognitive processes (perception, working memory, and long-term memory), and extended evidence of the relationship between brightness and moral concepts to the relationship between brightness and positive concepts. Different samples of college students participated in five experiments. In all experiments, moral (immoral) and positive (negative) pictures of varying levels of brightness were presented, and then participants reconstructed the brightness of each picture using a keyboard to adjust the brightness of an picture. Together, the results of ANOVAs across experiments showed that the metaphorical effect of brightness played no role in perception or working memory, but there was a significant increase in brightness in long-term memory. These results support the non-unidirectionality of metaphor, and extend the conceptual metaphor theory and simulating sensorimotor metaphors theory by enhancing the effect of metaphor through the cognitive mechanism of long-term memory.

Expressivism, Inferentialism and the Simulation Game

Expressivism, Inferentialism and the Simulation Game

A Public Health Reset Through Contractualism

A Public Health Reset Through Contractualism

MATIC IMPLICATIONS OF SUNDANESE PUPUH SONG IN BUILDING MORAL VALUES TOWARD ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The title above has explained the purpose of this study, which is observing Matic's implication of children's moral values acquisition from learning activities to sing Pupuh Sunda Song in Elementary Schools – West Java. The methodology used is ethno-pedagogic because the extent of data collection and exploration were conducted toward the concept containing values that existed and lived amid the society within the context of ethnic tradition, that is, as far as signs and meanings are stored and expressed in vocal art expressions in the form of Pupuh Sunda song acted as a medium is message education praxis. Therefore, the phenomenology approach was carried out to observe a series of phenomena that can be analyzed during the concept values repeated into the performer's subconscious, the song, movements, and expressions in shared or personal situations. The stressing keyword point in this study is the repetition that can be assumed as a mechanical act on every subject learn to sing moral message content sung. The mechanical process activities result by repeating song memorization, expressing moral values inside the song. Qualitatively, it can be described as an automatic implication that has the potential and function as a fostering for the concept of value in building the expected character. Such as the direct utterance stored in the song containing the invitation and teaching always to be cheerful, accept everything with generosity, care to all being (compassionate), diligent in studying and fond of working, respecting the parents and teachers, love to the homeland and defending the state and nations, which becomes the focus of study.

Functions of legal consciousness

The article discusses the features and various aspects of the philosophical, legal, socio-political, and moral content of the functions of legal consciousness. Based on a comprehensive analysis of these phenomena, the author substantiates the opinion that, in general, the essential functions of legal consciousness accumulate, generalize and concentrate the content and goals of the implementation of the law, as well as the forms and methods of this activity. Therewith, a function is not just a potential, abstract possibility, but also the very activity of the subject of the implementation of the right, subject to specific goals that are objectively conditioned and aimed at achieving a certain result.

The Challenge against Economic Regulation Ethics under the COVID-19 Epidemic: An Analysis of Unethical Behavior of Convenience

Purpose: Under the COVID 19 epidemic, public interest should be treated as a kind of public ethics. From the perspective of economic regulation, this study regards unethical behavior arising from the pursuit of convenience as a challenge against the public interest. It attempts to analyze the relationship between convenience and moral behavior from the perspectives of moral philosophy and psychology, reveal the factors influencing occurrence of unethical behavior of convenience, and express opinions on the construction of citizen morality under the epidemic. Method: By combining literature research and life cases, analysis is made on unethical behavior of convenience in life. Results: Convenience is a need in human moral life, and people may have unethical behaviors in the pursuit of convenience. The degree of convenience in the context of moral life, the clarity of moral clues, whether moral evasion is successful, and the tolerance of moral hazards are factors that affect whether individuals commit unethical behaviors in the pursuit of convenience.
 Conclusion: Respect for individual convenience is also respect for individual human rights, and overall convenience is the inherent requirement of social moral life. The epidemic has significantly impacted individual lives and public lifestyles. It is undoubtedly an important means to prevent and control the COVID-19 epidemic by regarding public interests as public ethics. For the need to jointly prevent and control the epidemic, it is recommended that schools incorporate convenience-related moral education content in light of the epidemic situation.

The Search for New Meanings Continues (Concerning the Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation)

Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020 introduced many new meanings and concepts into the constitutional matter. Most of them have great ideological potential. The paper analyzes the worldview aspect of the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the political message of their adoption, methodological approaches to identifying their content.The paper highlights amendments with the greatest spiritual and moral content, such as succession, historical truth, patriotism. The author elucidates the prerequisites for their adoption, including the historical inevitability of changing the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993 and the defeat of imitative constitutionalism in the majority of post-socialist countries. It is shown that the ideological content of the amendments was used to adjust the liberal-democratic model from the standpoint of strengthening the state sovereignty. Particular attention is paid to the expansion of national identity in constitutional norms as a natural process of protection from global constitutionalism, universal democratic values, including the case study of Eastern European states. There is a worldwide crisis tendency for the market-type democracy, the search for more modern approaches to its renewal.As a conclusion, it is noted that the worldview turn towards a reassessment of the liberal democratic doctrine is contradictory and not completely clear. It can be assumed that the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation are the first step not only towards the modification of constitutional institutions, but also towards a qualitative renewal of the philosophical and legal meanings of the Russian constitutional identity.As methodological tools of scientific research, it is proposed to use the potential of the integrative function of philosophy of law and the concept of system-wide contradictions of the society. This concept allows us to critically assess the universality of the traditional values of democracy, to form their own competitive models of the constitutional structure. It aims at finding a balance between the opposites in the society, the state, at the mechanism of dialogue and proportionality in decision-making.

Thomas Reid’s Conception of Practical Ethics

The article analyzes the concept of practical ethics in the moral philosophy of Thomas Reid (1710–1796). The significance of this study is determined by the fact that Reid, for the first time in the history of ethics, offers an internally differentiated conception of moral philosophy, which includes two parts: the theory of morality and practical ethics. The theory of morality studies the conditions for the possibility of morality (moral psychology and epistemology). Practical ethics is normative, deals directly with the content of morality (duties, rules, and first principles). Both parts of moral philosophy is cognitive in the nature. By distinguishing the theory of morality and practical ethics, Reid expresses a key idea for him: the distinction between good and evil and the fulfillment of duties is attainable to any reasonable person free from the influence of passions and prejudices. They do not need any special philosophical knowledge to fulfill their duty. Reid’s idea was perceived in contemporary ethics as a possible key for overcoming the difficulties that applied ethics faces today: (a) the problem of confirming its philosophical status; (b) the problem of the relevance of its guidelines, which are often perceived as abstract theorizing by specialists in specific fields. Reid showed that in morality, unlike other sciences such as anatomy, there can be no experts, and in order to be relevant, ethics must speak the same language with those to whom it addresses, and about those specific problems that are essential to them.

CHUVASH DRAMA ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

This article is devoted to the analysis of Chuvash plays dedicated to the Great Patriotic War; reveals the peculiarities of their poetics and problems, shows conflict situations that reveal heroic characters. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the plays by N. Aizman, N. Terentyev, M. Yuhma, A. Vasiliev, M. Belov, N. Sidorov, and others. They are united by the themes of courage, heroism, the feat of Soviet people on the battlefield and in the rear. Whereas in the early decades dramatists focused their attention directly on combat events, modern war plays are filled with deep moral content, their plots are distinguished by the sharpness of moral choices, revealing the moral and ethical aspects of the individual.