Moral Content Research Articles

ЭДЬЮТЕЙМЕНТ КАК СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ В РАМКАХ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ РУССКИХ ВОЛШЕБНЫХ СКАЗОК В ШКОЛЕ

The Russian fairy tale within the school education is a major object of case study and comprehension. The systematic study has an important scientific and methodological potential for both university and school education. Only by adherting to the plan of methodological interpretations in relation to this object, it is possible to identify several ways to effectively develop the creative potential of students, to relieve the psycho-emotional stress that naturally occurs in the learning process. The fairy tale also provides great historical and cultural material that opens up the history of the country, cultural traditions and customs. The study of fairy tales at school and university should comply with the developed methodological principles but also the undoubted age interests and students needs, contain a moral and useful semantic content. The teacher should draw the attention to the fact that the fairy tale is seen as a psychological relief by children, it gives them the opportunity to dive in the magic world, have fun and take a break from the learning process. The approach to study may be different depending on the age of students. However, the major principle of fairy tales study is inextricably linked with the concept of edutainment, i.e. the combined experience of a game technique that can be presented in various models and formats. In this regard, the issue of applying personality-oriented learning technology is relevant. This article solves the exact problem interpreted on the basis of a certain experience.

Духовное пространство современного образования: проблемы, теория, практика. Межрегиональная конференция памяти А.Д. Червякова

The authors provided information on the first interregional conference of scientific and pedagogical community of the Yaroslavl region dedicated to the memory of the Psychological Institute employee A.D.Chervyakov - scholar, historian of psychology, methodology and organizer of work on the formation of spiritual and moral content of training courses for children and teenagers. In the plenary session speakers invited to discuss a wide range of General methodological issues: the moral lessons of the creative heritage of Russian ascetics, scholars and teachers; the importance of the Orthodox culture in historical educational research context; the practice of the study of old Russian literature as a factor in the spiritual development of students; studying in school and University language of the icon as the basis of spiritually-moral education of a person; moral criteria for the development of the individual student in the modern education; the spiritual foundations of psychological perspectives; ethical and moral standards in the work of the teacher. Discussion at the round table "Youth subculture: tradition and deviation, moral and psychological-pedagogical problems" turned on: a subculture as a tool of socialization and moral formation adolescents; antisocial practices in subcultural spaces; the moral and psychological degradation as a consequence of aggressive subcultural associations; the way to build a dialogue of generations in the modern educational space; the family as an important resource for the confrontation of anti-social effects of youth subcultures; the spiritual and moral traditions of the Yaroslavl region as a means to counter the influence of destructive youth subcultures.

ФІЛОСОФ У ПРОСТОРІ І ЧАСІ КУЛЬТУРИ (ХРОНОТОП ЖИТТЄВЧЕННЯ). ЧАСТИНА І

The paper deals with the research of philosophic way of life as an invariant of the Western culture. The author tries to revealthe answers to the questions: What is the influence of the time and place of life on a thinking person? Is it possible to put a question in such away? The first part of the paper gives methodological explanation for such putting the questions. Two conceptual strategies of thinking in the contemporary history of philosophy are mentioned – compartmentalismand biographical method. The latter one allows to understand philosophizing through research of maître à penser. Such approach makes possible cultural studies prospect for the life of a philosopher in the context of unique time and space. To designate the uniqueness of time and space, the category of chronotope (M. Bakhtin) is introduced in the paper. Chronotope sets condensed signs in a definite period at the result of which a unique image of a thinker is born in a definite cultural space. The Antiquity image of philosopher is Socrates. Not a biographical person but a mythologized image, Socrates entered the great time of culture and influenced on the Western civilization. Since Socrates, the philosophizing of Antiquity is considered as the spiritual exercises (P.Hadot), in which the spirit of publicity is combined with the inner dialoguewith oneself. Late Antiquity changed practical orientation ofphilosophy by contemplative one. Plotinus is considered as the example of such life style. Medieval culture transmits philosophizing from agora to the monastery, and since the 13thcentury, philosophizing came back to the city space again – tomedieval university. Two opposite images of medieval philosophers are considered, Thomas Aquinas and Siger de Brabant, who were didactic examples, full of moral content. Stories about Siger’s life were spread at once after his death as the warning from inheritance; later on hewas forgotten. Thomas Aquinas’ life is known as hagiography, didactic story free from details of private life.

Российское офицерство в годы революционных потрясений и Гражданской войны: моральный и политический выбор

The article reveals the reasons for the different moral and political choice of officers in favor of «reds» or «whites» during the revolution and the civil war. The dilemma of choice is examined on the basis of an appeal to the worldview of the pre-revolutionary officers of the Russian army and the moral content of officer traditions. Traces of the historical continuity of the education of patriotism and civic-mindedness are also analyzed.

¿Hay una teoría normativa de la justicia en Marx?

La obra de Marx ha suscitado una añeja polémica entre sus estudiosos. Algunos han mantenido que el lenguaje desarrollado en ella es estrictamente explicativo. Dicho lenguaje expresaría ante todo un saber científico expurgado de todo contenido moral (sobre la estructura del capital, las fuerzas que causan la dinámica social y las leyes que la rigen). En el otro extremo, en cambio, otros han argüido que en Marx hallamos más bien un lenguaje ético orientado a denunciar los crímenes y miserias de una determinada formación social con el fin de oponerle otra. En este artículo defiendo la idea de que en la obra de Marx hay elementos tanto para afirmar una cosa como la otra. Sin embargo, argumento que la actualidad del pensamiento marxista reside esencialmente en los elementos éticos y normativos que configuran la dimensión moral de su planteamiento.

Madame de Maintenon, Proverbes dramatiques . Édition de Perry Gethner et Theresa Varney Kennedy.

This edition is a significant and welcome addition to recent critical interest in the much-neglected pedagogical writings of Mme de Maintenon. Inspired by the proverbes dramatiques and devinettes, popular pastimes in society circles, these forty playlets were written for the girls at Saint-Cyr, Maintenon’s school for the daughters of the impoverished nobility, to alert them to the demands, hazards, and abuses of life in the outside world. The performance of these pieces both entertained and instructed the girls, encouraging confidence in conversation and allowing them to rehearse in safety different responses to problems they might encounter in future life. In harnessing a jeu de salon to a pedagogical purpose, Maintenon invented the théâtre d’éducation, which became a dynamic educational tool for the socialization of the young in the eighteenth century. This edition draws on Maintenon’s letters and other pedagogical writings, as well as letters of her contemporaries, to present an informative picture of her aims, the outcomes, and the consequent changes in the school’s ethos in response to outside pressures. Emphasis is quite rightly placed on the radical undertaking of employing drama to examine aspects of women’s position in society, and fully acknowledges Maintenon’s achievement in challenging the status quo while remaining essentially conservative in her outlook. The detailed survey of the themes of the proverbes reveals that Maintenon’s approach was a pragmatic one, urging the cultivation of the mind so that her pupils might play a more dynamic role within the constraints of a patriarchal society. The vicissitudes of the marriage market, relationships between employers and servants, and financial ruin are shown to be replayed in different social contexts, and to transgress notions of bienséance by portraying the threats to the honour of naïve young women through abduction, seduction, and other forms of betrayal by unscrupulous men. The analysis of Maintenon’s ‘dramaturgie révolutionnaire’ (p. 43) is particularly enlightening, highlighting her willingness to contravene the traditional dramatic unities of time, place, and action to foreground the moral content of the piece. The suggestion that her techniques, such as the rapid changes of scene, character, and location, anticipate the strategies of cinema is particularly insightful and provocative. The occasional lack of verisimilitude and the manipulation of extraordinary coincidences are not seen to detract from the highly innovative nature of Maintenon’s project. The critique of decisions taken by earlier editors (Monmerqué, 1829, and Lavallée, 1857) in respect of the order of the proverbes and the insertion of names is a useful addition, while those of the current editors are dutifully signalled in footnotes. One wonders, however, why the bibliography does not include the journal articles cited in the introductory sections together with full-length studies. Nonetheless, this edition succeeds admirably in establishing the importance of Maintenon’s work, both in its original context and as an influence on the development of educational plays by later writers such as Mme de Genlis, Mme Campan, Moissy, and Berquin.

PEMBELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL DAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH DASAR

<div style="text-align: JUSTIFY;"><p>Character education relates to all of ability of any individual to interact with the environment, which copes with moral, attitude and behavior. One’s character is supposed to be good if he / she has moral knowledge, sense and action. Substantially, moral education is carried out affectively which deals with mentality, courage and hope, image and belief. Best belief of something is the result of learning process, coping with rational internalization about truths and well-being. Social Science is hoped to serve the moral education content, since it facilitates students with ability to adapt to the environment, to build knowledge, and to nurture the culture. All of those performances can be developed by the aplication of varied approaches of Social science.</p></div>

The moral dimension of politicized identity: Exploring identity content during the 2012 Presidential Elections in the USA.

It is well known that politicized identities are especially good predictors of collective action, but very little is known about what these identities are. We propose that moral identity content plays a central role in politicized identities. We examined this among (un)politicized Americans in the 2012 US Presidential Elections. In a longitudinal community sample of US citizens (N=760), we tracked personal (i.e., unique) and politicized (i.e., party activist) identity content: before, during, and after the election. We compared identity content of individuals who self-labelled as politicized (i.e., active party promoters) or unpoliticized (i.e., passive party supporters): (1) Democrats (n=69) longitudinally and (2) Republicans (n=69) cross-sectionally to examine three hypotheses: Moral identity content (e.g., trustworthy) would be more prominent in politicized (vs. unpoliticized) identities (H1); moral identity content overlapping politicized and personal identities predict seeing the self as politicized (H2) and engaging in party activism (H3). Results largely supported H1 and H2, but only weakly supported H3. We conclude that politicized identities are moralized identities that have a self-evaluative, but not strongly action-motivation, function. We discuss the implications of our findings and method for politicization research.

Does Repeated Exposure to Popular Media Strengthen Moral Intuitions?: Exploratory Evidence Regarding Consistent and Conflicted Moral Content

Previous studies have indicated that media consumption may influence moral intuition sensitivity. The present exploratory studies sought to expand on these findings by employing a three-phase, longitudinal experiment conducted over nine weeks, where participants were exposed to two genres of films (romance, action) mixed in various ratios (high = 100% romance, medium = 60% romance, low = 20% romance, none = 0% romance). Findings from the initial study indicate that repeated exposure to romantic films led to increases in sensitivity for four of the five moral intuitions (i.e., care, fairness, authority, purity); at the same time, any exposure to action films seemed to erode these changes. A follow-up post-hoc content analysis sought to confirm these findings and test an operationalization of “moral conditioning.” We discuss the results in regards to media entertainment theory and research, and the societal implications of the role of media entertainment to reinforce standards of moral judgment.

The imperviance of conceptual systems: cognitive and moral aspects

Purpose The complexity of the modern world calls for the increasingly complex (i.e. containing more concepts) and systemic (i.e. containing more causal connections between the concepts) conceptual systems, such as theories and mental models which may exist at varying levels of complexity and systemicity. Yet, these systems are often found to be impervious to data and counter-arguments. Examples of such disputes are found in arguments over global warming and in the many debates between political groups. The purpose of this paper is to review the reasons behind this imperviance and identify ways to move forward. Design/methodology/approach The paper brings together the insights from the burgeoning science of conceptual systems as well as selected ideas from the moral philosophies of Niklas Luhmann and Jürgen Habermas. The science of conceptual systems is utilized to unearth the cognitive reasons for the imperviance of conceptual systems, while the work of Luhmann and Habermas is brought to bear on the moral reasons. Findings The most salient cognitive reasons for this imperviance are shown to be related to the questionable validity of data, the situational inappropriateness of conceptual systems, as well as their low complexity and systemicity. The effect of the moral content of conceptual systems on their imperviance is ambivalent. For Luhmann, moral communication may enhance imperviance and induce conflicts. In contrast, the Habermasian discourse ethics may counteract imperviance by stimulating the rational moral argumentation. Originality/value The science of conceptual systems is uniquely positioned to analyze the pervasive problem of their imperviance, especially if this problem is aggravated by moral reasons.

The Case for Moral Consumption: Examining and Expanding the Domain of Moral Behavior to Promote Individual and Collective Well-Being

This research delineates and critically examines extant empirical research on marketplace morality within the context of transformative consumer research. The authors identify how public policy can be leveraged to promote moral consumption in the marketplace in line with the transformative consumer research objectives of personal and collective well-being. They conduct a systematic review of the last decade of marketing literature and find that the definition of what is considered “marketplace morality” has been rather narrow. Subsequently, the authors propose a broader definition and develop a typology of moral consumption behaviors based on the valence of moral judgment/behavior (moral or immoral) and moral content (harm, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity). The authors find that most research has focused on understanding one-time (im)moral behaviors in narrow domains, which have local implications and short-term impact. This research proposes that there is untapped potential in investigating repeated (im)moral behaviors associated with lifestyle choices and habits and that these have wider, long-term moral implications (e.g., wastefulness, overindulgence, pollution, authenticity, discrimination). Finally, the authors consider the underlying motivations for (im)moral behaviors and offer recommendations for policy development and research.

Rationalizing tax increment financing in Chicago

ABSTRACTA central problem in planning is how planners can be both technical experts and political actors sensitive to the moral consequences of planning. Rationality refers to the reasons for choosing a means to achieve an end; a rationality that considers the morality of means and ends is value rationality, and one that does not is instrumental rationality. Through the case of using Tax Increment Financing (TIF) to subsidize corporate headquarters relocation in Chicago, I follow City follows planners’ struggle with TIF policy and their engagement with instrumental and value rationality within a state that exercised an entrepreneurial planning strategy. This position meant that planners were constrained from acting value-rationally to consider and then take action on questions about the moral content of TIF projects. Nonetheless, planning staff developed an instrumentally-rational planning and policy exercise, which they performed as a way to channel their value-rational concerns about the assumption that every economic development project is an unambiguously valuable goal.

Neo-conservatism, Sovereign Power and Bio-power: Female Subjectivity in Contemporary Turkey

This paper analyses Turkey’s ex-Prime Minister Erdogan’s statements on abortion to point out impacts of neo-conservatism on the governing mentality in Turkey. Neo-conservatism, it will argue, not only provides moral content to the functioning of different forms of power, which end up regulating on social and political life, gender and power relations to a great extent but also poses formidable challenges to politics, claims for equality and rights and particularly to gender equality goals and women’s freedom.

The Status of Friend and Companion in Molana’s Quatrains

Jalaludin Bahauddin Soltane Olama Valad Ibne Hossein Ibne Ahmad Khatibi known as Molana is the creator of great works in prose and poetry in Persian literature; one of these works is Kullyat of Shams Tabrizi that includes his collection of quatrains that is known as a great extensive work and notable from different aspects same as poetic music and poetic expression, linguistic features, words variety, literary criticism, mystical thoughts, social and moral ideas, storytelling method and … . Study regarding this senseful and profitable work has not been investigated despite the availability of the other great works of Molana as Masnavi and Ghazalyat e Shams and the opportunity to work in this field is so wide and spacious. whereas, the root of each literary work develops in the social environment and the social requirements of a period is obvious in the poems of a poet and regarding the mastery of Molana on all the sciences in that time and his companionship with the people that lead to identification of social life experiences and moral contents in those days; so the present study investigates the social-moral contents of quatrains of Molana and it is hoped that it could serves to sociology studies of literature and sociological criticism and a starting point with the aim of comprehensive study of quatrains of Molana. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s3p51

The Study of Social-Ethical Implications in Molana Quatrains

Jalaludin Bahauddin Soltane Olama Valad Ibne Hossein Ibne Ahmad Khatibi known as Molana is the creator of great works in prose and poetry in Persian literature; one of these works is Kullyat of Shams Tabrizi that includes his collection of quatrains that is known as a great extensive work and notable from different aspects same as poetic music and poetic expression, linguistic features, words variety, literary criticism, mystical thoughts, social and moral ideas, storytelling method and … . Study regarding this senseful and profitable work has not been investigated despite the availability of the other great works of Molana as Masnavi and Ghazalyat e Shams and the opportunity to work in this field is so wide and spacious. whereas, the root of each literary work develops in the social environment and the social requirements of a period is obvious in the poems of a poet and regarding the mastery of Molana on all the sciences in that time and his companionship with the people that lead to identification of social life experiences and moral contents in those days; so the present study investigates the social-moral contents of quatrains of Molana and it is hoped that it could serves to sociology studies of literature and sociological criticism and a starting point with the aim of comprehensive study of quatrains of Molana. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s3p55

The Justice Dimensions of the Relationship between Fundamental Rights and Private Law

Abstract: This article explores the justice dimensions of the relationship between the Charter of Fundamental Rights and private law. It reaches three main conclusions. First, a partisan interpretation of the Charter and its horizontal effects in terms of controversial values would be difficult to match with the reasonable pluralism of worldviews characterizing the European Union (EU). Instead, the interpretation of fundamental rights should be guided by the demands of a political conception of justice that is acceptable to people adhering to divergent understandings of individual and common good. Secondly, courts and other interpreters of the Charter must distinguish between fundamental rights, freedoms, and principles in accordance with their respective moral content and cogency. The generic and hyper-positivistic reference to the ‘constitutional’ or ‘primary EU law’ status of the entire Charter is far too crude. In particular, human rights, which every person equally has by virtue of his or her humanity, should have much stronger force than merely instrumental freedoms and principles. Thirdly, the facts of the reasonable pluralism of worldviews and of the indeterminacy of the Charter and its horizontal effects together call for judicial restraint. Because the fundamental rights, as formulated in the Charter, strongly underdetermine private law rules and outcomes of civil disputes, courts should, in principle, be deferential in cases where the reasons and interests raised by a constitutional right claim have already been adequately addressed in a robust democratic process. From the perspective of justice in each of these dimensions, the Court of Justice probably has been too partisan and activist in some recent private law cases, such as Alemo-Herron.

TV genres’ moral value: The moral reflection of segmented TV audiences

This study aims for a deeper understanding of the TV audience's exposure to TV's moral content and the reception of this content through an innovative methodological design. We combine content analysis data on the moral contents of TV genres and survey data on the moral reflection on moral elements offered by these genres among a representative sample of the Dutch TV audience. TV audiences are segmented via latent class analysis into three clusters: information seekers, fiction and entertainment viewers and paucivores. Results show that distinct audience groups differ significantly in moral exposure and moral reflection. The way audiences reflection on moral issues, forms of moral reasoning and insight in human character – is explained through different mechanisms. Particularly the differences between information seekers and fiction and entertainment readers add to our understanding of moral decision-making processes in relation to TV watching.

The morals of moral hazard: a contracts approach

Although moral hazard is a well‐known economic concept, there is a long‐standing controversy over its moral implications. The language economists use to describe moral hazard is often value‐laden, and implies moral judgments about the persons or actions of economic agents. This in turn leads some to question whether it is actually a scientific concept, or simply a convenient tool for criticizing certain public policies. At present, there is no consensus about the moral meaning of moral hazard, or about whether the concept can be salvaged by economists. As a first step toward resolving this problem, I suggest a contracts approach to moral hazard. I use the ‘title‐transfer’ theory of contract to clarify the moral content of moral hazard, thereby increasing its value to scholars in numerous disciplines. A contracts view is useful for economic policy discussions because it does not include hidden value judgments. At the same time, however, it is also valuable for ethicists because it directly explains a moral dimension of behavior under moral hazard, namely, the violation of property rights.

The Pendulum Swings: Reconsidering Corporate Criminal Prosecution

Corporate crime continues to occur at an alarming rate, yet disagreement persists among scholars and practitioners about the role of corporate criminal prosecution. Some argue that corporations should face criminal prosecution for their misconduct, while others would reserve criminal prosecution for individual corporate officials. Perhaps as a result of this conflict, there has been a dramatic increase over the last decade in the use of deferred prosecution and non-prosecution agreements for some corporate crimes, even as the government continues to bring criminal charges for other corporate crimes. To move beyond our erratic approach to corporate crime, we need a better understanding of what is accomplished by the criminal prosecution of corporations, a construct that considers retributive and utilitarian theories but also takes into account the expressive function of criminal law and the societal need for condemnation, accountability, and justice when crime occurs.In this article, I provide a justification for corporate criminal prosecution that identifies the moral content of corporate crime, considers the deterrent value of corporate prosecution, and explains why the expressive value of the criminal law is indispensable in the corporate context. Corporate wrongdoing has pernicious effects on our communities, the economy, and the environment, which warrant the condemnation the criminal law provides. Criminal prosecution of corporations upholds the rule of law, validates the choices of law-abiding companies, and promotes accountability. Together those values contribute to our sense that justice has been done when crime occurs, which enhances trust in the legal system, provides the opportunity for societal catharsis, and allows us to move forward in the aftermath of criminal activity. When corporations face no consequences for their criminal behavior, we minimize their lawlessness, and increase cynicism about the outsized influence of corporations.

Civil Society Efficacy, Citizenship and Empowerment in Africa

This paper contributes to the debate on the limited efficacy of civil society in Africa. It examines the complex interface between notions of civil society and citizenship within the context of the postcolonial state in Africa. It argues that the bifurcated character of citizenship is implicated in the inefficacy of civil society. This is underlined by the limited achievements in social citizenship, aggravated by the economic crisis and neoliberal reforms of the 1980s and 1990s as well as the politics of regime sustenance. Political disengagement, drain on the moral content of public life and diminished collective orientation of citizens, aggravated conflicts within society, thereby, promoting a democratisation of disempowerment and a disorganised civil society.