Mooring Factors Research Articles

Determining Consumer Intention: Uncovering the Influential Factors in Customer Switching from LPG to Induction Stoves in Indonesia

The increasing electrification of lifestyles in Indonesia has prompted a shift in consumer preferences, particularly regarding kitchen appliances. Indonesia is currently facing an electricity oversupply issue, hence migrating consumers from traditional Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) stoves to induction stoves offers the potential to enhance electricity utilization and effectively address this predicament. This study aims to investigate the influential factors behind consumers' intentions to switch from traditional LPG stoves to induction stoves. The data were collected from 802 traditional LPG stoves consumers, who are Indonesian citizens, residing across various regions of Indonesia, and have not previously purchased an induction stove to achieve the objective. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal the importance of Push, Pull, and Mooring factors in motivating consumers to switch from LPG stoves to induction stoves. This research contributes critical insights to academia, industry, and policymakers as well, offering a nuanced understanding of the dynamics influencing this transition in the Indonesian market and playing a pivotal role in addressing the electricity oversupply issue in Indonesia.

Determining intention to visit halal destinations from the perspective of the push-pull-mooring framework

PurposeThe rapid growth of halal tourism over the past decade has made it a lucrative market, with destinations competing for Muslim travellers. This study examines the factors influencing tourists' intention to visit halal tourism destinations in Indonesia, using the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model to understand this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 328 usable responses were used to analyse the data. The proposed conceptual framework was tested using covariant-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM).FindingsResults indicate that push, pull and mooring motives positively influence visit intention towards halal tourism destinations. Among these motives, novelty seeking, escapism, halal-friendly destination performance, halal attributes of the destination, religiosity and subjective norms were the most critical factors that improved visit intention. Furthermore, the moderating role of mooring factors was also established.Practical implicationsThe study makes several strategic suggestions for promoting halal tourism destinations. These include highlighting the destination’s halal index factor to attract Muslim tourists and develop the industry market.Originality/valueResearch in halal tourism is still emerging, and this study aims to enhance our understanding of Muslim travellers. Using the PPM framework, it provides valuable insights into Muslim tourists' intentions to visit halal destinations.

Push, Pull and Mooring Factors on Offline-Online Learning Switching Behavior

During the pandemic, many sectors, including education, were affected. The shift from traditional to online learning is an opening for students and educators to explore online learning. Students may connect from anywhere at any time through this learning mode. This sudden shift has impacted the learning behavior of students to a large extent. People can access information anytime and anywhere that is typically available only through a traditional classroom. This study adopts the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) theory as the theoretical framework to understand how push, pull, and mooring factors affect students' shift from offline to online learning. A survey was used as the main instrument in this study. A quantitative approach was utilized to achieve the stated research objectives. The questionnaires were distributed among undergraduate students in public and private schools in Malaysia through convenience sampling techniques. The minimal 77 sample size has been determined by utilizing G*Power software. 117 responses were collected from the questionnaires that met the minimum required sample size for this study. The findings emphasize that push and pull factors are essential to student learning. However, the mooring factor does not affect the student's switching behavior. The study sheds light on capturing more essential measures in the theoretical development of switching behavior.

Examining user migration intention from social Q&A communities to generative AI

As an emerging application, generative AI has attracted many users to conduct question and answer (Q&A), which may lead to their defection from social Q&A communities. Based on the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model, this research examined user migration intention from social Q&A communities to generative AI. Data were analyzed using a mixed method of SEM and fsQCA. The results revealed that migration intention is influenced by a combination of push factors (information overload and community fatigue), pull factors (perceived anthropomorphism, perceived accuracy, perceived trustworthiness, and flow experience), and mooring factor (social influence). The fsQCA results identified three main paths leading to migration intention. These results imply that Q&A communities need to reduce information overload and mitigate users’ fatigue in order to retain them and achieve a sustainable development.

Understanding food delivery service customers’ switching behavior

Purpose Prompted by intense competition among providers of food delivery services, this study examines the behavior of customers using mobile applications. Specifically, based on a push-pull-mooring framework, this study aims to identify the key factors affecting customers’ switching intentions in the food delivery context. A push factor is assumed to drive customers away from an existing service provider due to dissatisfaction, while a pull element lures them to an alternative provider by supplying enhanced levels of enjoyment, usefulness and/or informativeness and mooring factors (i.e. affective commitment and perceived herd) help make these switching decisions. Design/methodology/approach Partial least squares structural equation modeling with SmartPLS was used because it is suited to predictive models and produces stringent assessments of measurement models using a variance-based approach. Data was collected through an online survey. Participants were 350 food delivery application (FDA) customers in the USA. Findings The results highlight the importance of a push factor (dissatisfaction with the present FDA) and a mooring factor (perceived herd) as determinants of customers’ perceptions of risk that can induce a decision to switch to another FDA. However, the pull factors of usefulness, enjoyment and information quality did not significantly influence switching behavior. Originality/value Many food delivery service providers now use mobile application technologies to provide their services. Such companies can use the factors that influence customer switching intentions identified in this study to control customers’ churn behavior by managing dissatisfied customers in the mobile context.

Adoption of Mobile Health Applications for Diabetes Management From a Push–Pull–Mooring Perspective

Diabetes management applications enable diabetes self-management in a more convenient and cost-effective manner. This study develops a push–pull–mooring model in order to understand patient-switching intentions to the conventional offline and the novel mobile diabetes management. Data collected from 412 adult patients with diabetes in China are analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results show that push effects and pull effects have significantly positive effects on switching intention. Mooring effects negatively affect switching behavior. Meanwhile, the moderating effects of all three mooring factors (switching cost, offline habit, and private risk) on the relationship between both push-switching intentions and pull-switching intentions are also detected. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of patient switching intentions towards diabetes management applications and, accordingly, can help marketers, healthcare providers, and health policymakers develop and appropriate their future marketing and administrative strategies.

Factors affecting English language high school teachers switching intention to ChatGPT: a Push-Pull-Mooring theory perspective

ABSTRACT This qualitative research investigated the factors that influence the switching intention of teachers from traditional classroom teaching to the use of ChatGPT in English language teaching based on the Mooring Theory framework. The data collection involved in-depth interviews with 26 teachers from Malaysian high schools. The findings revealed that the push factors were related to outdated pedagogical methods and limited creativity and student engagement opportunities. On the other hand, the pull factors were related to ChatGPT as a software-based artificial intelligence for facilitating English language acquisition, influencing content development among teachers and implementing personalised learning approaches. The study identified various mooring factors impacting teaching practices in Malaysian schools. Firstly, the limited functionality of ChatGPT, since it is an automated language model. Secondly, teachers grapple with striking a balance between incorporating technology and maintaining the validity and authenticity of their teaching practices. Finally, students’ lack of critical thinking skills challenges teachers in promoting independent thought and analytical reasoning within the classroom. The study emphasises the significance of enhancing critical thinking skills and incorporating personalised learning strategies to establish a conducive learning environment in Malaysian schools.

Examining switching intention in professional sport: a push-pull-mooring perspective

PurposeDrawing upon a push-pull-mooring model and the literature on behavioral loyalty, this research aims to examine the underlying factors and mechanisms that influence switching intention in the context of professional sport in Japan.Design/methodology/approachUsing a two-wave survey design (pregame and postgame surveys), we collected data from 367 fans of a professional soccer team in Japan. Our data included three push factors (quality, satisfaction, and perceived value of the current favorite team), a pull factor (alternative team attractiveness), a mooring factor (team identification), and behavioral loyalty and switching intention to the alternative team. We used structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses.FindingsA mediation analysis revealed that perceived value of an individual’s current favorite team was negatively associated with behavioral loyalty to an alternative team, whereas attractiveness of the alternative team was positively associated with behavioral loyalty, which, in turn, resulted in fans’ switching intention. Latent moderated structural equation modeling further revealed the negative moderating effect of team identification with the current team on the relationship between behavioral loyalty and switching intention.Originality/valueThe findings provide new evidence about the role of behavioral loyalty in understanding sport consumers’ switching intention and highlight the importance of team identification that can foster a sustainable and long-term relationship between fans and their favorite sport teams.

Exploring Chinese passenger switching intentions toward airline self-service technology from a push–pull–mooring perspective

PurposeAirline self-service technology (SST) has attracted attention from both the academic and aviation sectors. As the use of SST can reduce airlines’ operating costs, investigating SST usage at airports is particularly important for the aviation sector. The extant literature has explored users’ SST usage intention, but users’ switching intentions from traditional manual counter services to SST is still limited. Therefore, to address this issue, we used the push–pull–mooring (PPM) theoretical framework to develop a research model to explore user switching intention.Design/methodology/approachWe utilized a mixed-methods approach. A qualitative approach (i.e., semistructured interviews) was first employed to recognize and choose the candidate factors. Then, we collected 450 valid responses through an online survey to test the model. The partial least squares method was used for data analysis.FindingsWe found that several push (perceived dissatisfaction and perceived inconvenience), pull (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and service process fit), and mooring (personal innovativeness and inertia) factors significantly influence switching intention. Additionally, mooring factors exert contextual effects on the relationships between push and switching intentions and between pull factors and switching intentions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by further increasing our understanding of user switching intentions regarding SSTs from the PPM perspective and offering guidance for the aviation sector to attract and retain customers.

A Study on Consumer Behavior in Non-face-to-face Leisure Activities Applying the PPM Model: Focusing on Online Music Performances

Purpose: This study applied the PPM model to study consumer behavior in non-face-to-face leisure activities in the era of the coronavirus pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: In order to achieve the purpose of this study, literature research and empirical research were conducted to derive primary measurement items, and an online questionnaire survey was conducted with consumers who had experience in participating in non-face-to-face leisure activities during the coronavirus pandemic using the initially derived PPM model-based factors. Through factor analysis, 5 push factor items, 4 pull factor items, and 3 mooring factor items were derived, and regression analyses were conducted separately for leisure satisfaction and leisure recommendation intention to identify non-face-to-face leisure consumers' behavior intentions. Findings: As a result, it was found that some items of PPM factors had significant influencing relationships with non-face-to-face leisure consumers' leisure satisfaction and recommendation. In addition, satisfaction with non-faceto- face leisure was found to have a positive (+) influencing relationship with recommendation intentions. Research limitations/implications: This study is significant as it is the first to attempt to analyze the leisure behavior of consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study presents motivators and intervening factors that affect leisure behavior from a new perspective based on the changed leisure environment due to the pandemic. However, the study only focused on online music performances when examining non-face-to-face leisure behavior. Therefore, the behavior intentions of other non-face-to-face leisure consumers were not comprehensively understood, and the results of this study cannot be generalized. Originality/value: This study is significant in that it presented non-face-to-face leisure behavior motivation and constraint factors from a new perspective based on the leisure environment changed due to COVID-19, and it is expected that the application of the PPM model and leisure behavior intention can be applied to various tourism and leisure behavior studies hereafter to bring about theoretical expansion.

Switching Intention in Halal Cosmetics Products

The purpose of this research is to examine the switching intention towards Wardah Cosmetics products using the push-pull-mooring theory. The push factors tested in this study are dissatisfaction with the brand image factor, and the mooring factor is switching cost The technique used in this study is purposive sampling. 120 samples of non-Wardah users were obtained through an online questionnaire. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression modelling. This study found that there is an influence of push factors and pull factors on switching intention. The mooring factor in this study (switching cost) was found to have no significant effect on switching intention. The results of this study can be used to understand the switching intention in cosmetics products with the help of the push-pull-mooring theory.

Understanding switching intentions towards renewable energy technologies using push-pull-mooring framework

Due to climate change threats, governments worldwide are taking measures to move towards cleaner technologies. One such alternative in the energy sector is Renewable Energy Technologies (RET). Due to its merit over conventional technology, RET is being promoted in the industry and households. However, residential consumers switching from incumbent technologies to RET is still low. To fill this gap, this study builds on the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework to uncover the key factors affecting the switching intention of residential consumers toward RET. We adopted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach that involved a quantitative investigation followed by a qualitative study. In the quantitative phase, we used structural equation modeling techniques to analyze survey data from 291 participants to test our conceptual model. Subsequently, in the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews with 25 participants were conducted to gain deeper insights and validate the relationships identified in the quantitative analysis. The results indicate that environmental concern (push factor), economic benefit, and independence benefit (pull factor) have a positive association with switching intention. However, switching cost (mooring factor) was found to have a negative association with switching intention. Further, switching cost was also found to moderate the association between economic benefit and switching intention. The qualitative study provided further insights into the results of the quantitative investigation. It was clarified from the qualitative study that neighbor experiences and societal preferences of the causes may mitigate the influence of subjective norms on switching intention. Lastly, implications were drawn for academicians, marketers, and public policymakers. Marketers can utilize these findings to develop appropriate marketing strategies for this untapped market, which has huge potential.

Customer switching intention from home delivery to smart locker delivery: Evidence from Vietnam

The purpose of this study is to uncover evidence on the factors influencing switching intention from home delivery to smart lockers in the last-mile delivery service. The research model is constructed based on the Pull-Push-Mooring Theory and the Customer Perceived Value Theory using structural equation modelling to analyze data collected from 557 smart locker users in Vietnam. The results indicated a significantly positive influence of pull factors (convenience, environmental friendliness, and security) and push factors (delivery failure experience and risk), and confirmed that mooring factors (habit and switching cost) negatively impacted customers’ intention to switch from home delivery to smart lockers. The study also revealed that mooring factors moderate the relationship between pull factors and the intention to switch. Moreover, gender, age and frequency of shopping online are significant to switching intention, and usefulness mediates between them and switching intention. Several managerial implications were suggested for stakeholders in order to enhance customers’ switching intentions to use smart lockers, thereby improving the quality, efficiency, and sustainability of the last-mile delivery service in the future.

Understanding students’ switching intentions from cash payment to mobile payment in education sector

PurposeThe study intends to evaluate students’ intention to shift from cash payment to mobile payment system for academic fee payments through push, pull and mooring framework. Push factors comprise risk and service-related factors, pull factors consist of subjective and aspect-based factors and mooring factors include cost and cognitive factors.Design/methodology/approachSample of the study consists of around 296 undergraduate and postgraduate students from different higher educational institutions located in India. The questionnaire for data collection comprises 21 Likert scale-based items distributed among seven constructs. Partial least square structural equation modeling is used to identify the significant factors influencing students’ intentions.FindingsFive of the factors, namely, risk, service, subjective, aspect and cognitive significantly influence student’s intention to switch to mobile payment system for academic fee payments. Moderation analysis indicates that the impact of the push and pull factors on switching intention towards mobile payments has a more positive influence among male students.Originality/valueThis study is probably the only study that tested the specific push, pull and mooring factors influencing intention to switch to mobile payment from cash payment in the Indian education system based on the incentive, Fogg behavior and status quo bias theory for academic fee payment.

Investigating the switch from sanitary napkins to menstrual cups

The rise in environmental awareness and personal well-being has led to a shift in menstrual product preferences. This research, focusing on women from India, utilizes a mixed-methods approach underpinned by the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework to investigate the transition from sanitary napkins to menstrual cups. Data from 894 menstrual product users from India were analyzed utilizing PLS-SEM. The study found that health concerns and perceived costs were significant push factors, while minimalism and environmental considerations acted as pull factors. However, social stigma and perceived complexity served as mooring factors. This study extends its practicality to product manufacturers, marketers, and health educators, providing actionable strategies to promote menstrual cups with the aim of surmounting prevailing hindrances. The outcomes underscore the importance of this transition in supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) — particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) — thereby underlining its contribution to the environmental sustainability narrative and cleaner production ethos.

Switching behaviors in peer-to-peer mobile payment applications: the role of sociability

PurposeUsing features of social media, peer-to-peer (P2P) mobile payment enables users to foster social interaction every time transactions are made. Given the increasing popularity of social features in P2P mobile payment applications, it is worth understanding how these components contribute to users’ switching behavior between conventional mobile payment and P2P mobile payment services. By treating sociability of P2P mobile payment as a pull factor, this study aims to extend the push–pull–mooring framework in the context of P2P mobile payment.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain data. Respondents from the USA were exclusively selected due to the emerging number of P2P mobile payment users and the volume of transactions in this country. Based on a sample of 232 Amazon Mechanical Turk mobile payment users, the authors tested the hypotheses using the partial least squares structural equation model technique with SmartPLS software version 3.FindingsThe finding reveals that sociability is triggered by social presence, social benefit and social support within the P2P mobile payment platform. Moreover, dissatisfaction with perceived enjoyment of conventional mobile payment (push factor), customer innovativeness (mooring factor) and sociability of P2P mobile payment (pull factor) jointly influence users’ intention to switch to P2P mobile payment services, and subsequently drive their migration behavior.Originality/valueUnlike past research that mainly focuses on utilitarian-related factors, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to thoroughly examine the sociability features of P2P mobile payment service as a form of a social-centric system.

An empirical examination of push-pull-mooring factors influencing restaurant customers’ intention to use mobile payment: a comparison of mobile payment service types

ABSTRACTWith recent advances in mobile technologies, mobile payment systems that offer advantages to service providers have been widely used in the service industry. In this paper, the authors analyze the impact of mobile system characteristics on customers’ behaviour across different types of mobile payment systems (i.e. mobile proximity payment, mobile peer-to-peer payment, mobile in-app payment) in the restaurant field. Based on the push-pull-mooring factor model, the authors evaluate the proposed model using survey data collected from restaurant customers regarding their experiences with mobile payments. The results indicate that the mooring factor (i.e. subjective norm) and the pull factor (i.e. perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness) are predictors of the attitude to use a mobile payment system. However, the push factor (i.e. perceived risk) does not influence customers’ behaviour. Moreover, the relationship between the mobile payment system experience and its outcome varies across different types of systems. The perceived ease of use influences only proximity users, not in-app payment and peer-to-peer users. Findings also highlight the role of perceived usefulness in the mobile payment context across different demographic characteristics. Thus, the findings of this study provide guidelines for future mobile payment-related studies and business strategies.

Escape or return? Users’ intermittent discontinuance behavior in strong-ties social functions

Intermittent discontinuance acts as a precursor to user loss and has become a crucial and challenging issue in the operation and management of social media. From the perspective of alternative competition, we integrate the push–pull–mooring framework and expectancy violation theory to explore how contradictory psychology occurs and impacts users’ intermittent discontinuance of strong-ties social functions (STSF). According to results obtained from partial least squares-structural equation modeling, both push (information overload, system feature overload, and usage fatigue) and pull (privacy concerns) factors cause intermittent discontinuance, while mooring factors (sunk costs, transition costs, and transition fatigue) reduce it. Transition fatigue mediates the relationship between transition costs and intermittent discontinuance. From the perspective of competitors, while alternative attractions do not significantly affect users’ intermittent discontinuance, transition costs and fatigue do exert a significant negative impact on it. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis results reveal that technology overload, usage fatigue, privacy concerns, and sunk costs are core antecedents of high-degree intermittent discontinuance. These results are expected to provide a reference for reducing the intermittent discontinuance of platforms and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of users.

Intention of Generation-Z for Switching to Islamic Banks In Banten Province A Push-Pull Mooring Approach

Research Aims: The purpose of this research is to understand the interest of Generation Z in switching behavior to Islamic banks based on the Push Pull Mooring (PPM) theory. Methodology: The method used in this research is quantitative and the population taken as a sample is Generation Z in Banten Province. The hypothesis in this research is tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and the SmartPLS 3.0 application, with a sample size of 184 respondents taken using purposive sampling method. Research Findings: The results of the research show that the push and pull factors have a positive and significant effect on switching intention, while the mooring factors do not have an effect on switching intention. Theoretical Contribution/Originalitity: The research focuses on Generation Z in Banten Province, and the findings may not be generalized to other regions or age groups. Additionally, the study relies on self-reported data, which may be subject to respondent bias. Implication: Sharia banks must take the opportunity to develop and offer services that are more in line with religious values and can focus on developing products and services that meet sharia standards and prioritize Islamic ethical values to attract more customers.

BRAND SIWTCHING INTENTION AMONG MALAYSIAN SMARTPHONE USERS: A PUSH-PULL-MOORING PERSPECTIVE

This study aims to investigate factors that lead to brand switching intention among Malaysian smartphone users, specifically using the Push-Pull-Mooring model. Push factors are understood as the negative factors that push people away from the original provider while pull factors are the positive factor that attract people towards a new provider. As for mooring factor, it includes the lifestyle, cultural and personal factors that affect the switching intention. The push factors included in the study are price and dissatisfaction. Meanwhile, mooring factors include variety seeking and social influence. On the other hand, attractiveness of alternative is considered as the pull factor for this study purpose. Quantitative approach through self-administered questionnaire is employed in this study. The targeted respondents are Generation Y smartphone users, and the survey was carried out in Kuala Lumpur. Data Analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistic 24 and AMOS 22. The findings revealed that social influence and attractiveness of alternatives were the factors that highly affect the brand switching intention. Other factors which include price, dissatisfaction, and variety seeking were also found to be factors leading to the switching intention although their results are not as significant as compared to the other two. This study offers valuable insights to smartphone companies to better understand the factors that contribute to brand switching. It allows empowerment of the companies to further improve on various aspects and ultimately foster brand loyalty, which is vital for long-term success in the smartphone industry.