Preservation Of Monuments Research Articles

Վկայություններ Արցախ-Ղարաբաղի մասին ըստ «Կայսերական հնագիտական հանձնաժողովի հաշվետվություն» («Отчетъ императорской археологической комиссии») տեղեկագրերի

In the article, an attempt is made to cover the testimonies about Artsakh-Karabakh in the newsletters titled “Reports of the Archaeological Commission of the Imperial Government”, one of the many valuable sources preserved in the National Library of Armenia. The retrieval and publication of existing archival materials on the lost territories is very important for the reconstruction of the national identity of Artsakh and all Armenians, which were subjected to violent depopulation. Therefore, the works carried out in the territory of Artsakh as a result of the activities of the Archaeological Commission of the Imperial Government are referred to in a unique way and their achievements for the preservation of historical and cultural monuments, national and social values of the region are appreciated. An attempt was made to rewrite in the form of the original the testimonies of the archaeological research carried out in Artsakh in the 19th century, which are of primary importance.

Объекты культурного наследия и проблемы, связанные с их охраной

The article discusses issues related to the practice of protecting cultural heritage sites in our country. Special attention is paid to the problem of using and carrying out works on the preservation of historical and cultural monuments, as well as attention is focused on the actual method of preserving and popularizing cultural heritage objects – museification.

A comparative analysis of two century‐old historical map and satellite images for assessing land use transformation and preservation of the historical monuments of the Ahmad Shahi old city, Kandahar

AbstractThis study evaluates land use transformation in Kandahar's old city, also known as Ahmad Shahi city, the birthplace and first capital of modern Afghanistan. The city consists of four rectangular quarters and is surrounded by a high strong mud wall, entrance gates, and a moat. In the early 20th century, the city experienced significant and arbitrary expansion, which certainly affected the urban fabric of the area, the streets were widened, and the city wall, towers, and gates were demolished, and the area was added to the construction of new government buildings, commercial establishments, and residential plots. This study aims to evaluate the alterations in the old city's urban morphology, culture, and sociology by conducting a comparative analysis of three maps from different time periods and considering various factors within the target area.

Immersive technologies as a promising mechanism to reduce the negative impact on natural and cultural tourist sites

Deterioration of architectural monuments, negative impact on natural monuments and closure of tourist sites, manifestations of over tourism negative consequences, transformation of consumer behaviour associated with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and other infectious diseases are only a small part of the global problems faced by the world tourism industry. The study aims to form a conceptual idea of the immersive technologies role in reducing the negative impact on natural and cultural tourist facilities, revealing their potential as a positive factor that affects consumer preferences and environmental awareness of potential tourists. The study analyzed statistical data allowing estimating the current state of the immersive tourism technologies market. Besides, the article analyses the degree of demand for these digital tools in various types of tourism in the context of the importance of preservation of cultural monuments and natural heritage on the basis of the survey of potential target audience. The authors provided a classification of immersive technologies in tourism, and evaluated the possibility of their integration into specific tourism products on the basis of existing successful implementation practices. As a result of the answers to the proposed research questions the authors conclude that immersive technologies have become an important factor that influence the decision to purchase a certain tourist product or service, as well as accelerates the probability of visiting a specific tourist attraction. This proves that in modern reality tourism is one of the key sectors of the economy, which focuses is not only on the experience economy, but also on ecological awareness of potential categories of tourists

The results of complex interdisciplinary work on the monuments of Shubarat and Molaly in the context of the Zhetysu culture of ancient time and the Late Middle Ages

The article presents the progress and results of a complex of interdisciplinary research works carried out on one of the most significant monuments in the scientifically little-explored subdistrict of Zhetysu – the burial grounds of Shubarat and Molaly in the vicinity of the village of Shamalgan in the Karasai district of the Almaty region. The stages of scientific work are described in detail, consisting of reconnaissance work within the administrative territory of the Shamalgan rural district, excavation of a wide range of monuments and carrying out a complex of security and popularization works aimed at protecting archaeological and ethnoarchaeological monuments within the Shubarat and Molaly burial grounds and preventing possible destructive conscious and unconscious actions of local residents, robbers, land users and others in relation to historical and cultural monuments. A number of new archaeological sites and ethnographic wintering sites of the late XIX - early XX centuries were recorded during exploration and prospecting. Within the limits of these monuments, both funerary and memorial monuments of the Saka-Wusun period and Kazakh wintering grounds of the ethnographic period have been studied. In the process of security and rescue operations, a set of works and measures have been carried out that have a positive impact and will have an impact on the preservation of priceless historical and cultural monuments. The results of the conducted complex of scientific works are summarized and the preliminary dates of all the studied monuments are given.

CONCEPT OF CREATING OF AN ELECTRONIC ATLAS “UKRAINE. CULTURAL AND LANDSCAPE HERITAGE”

The purpose of this study is to develop conceptual and methodological approaches to the creation of an electronic atlas “Ukraine. Cultural and landscape heritage.” This is one of the priority measures to accelerate the pace of practical implementation and popularization of the approach of the cultural landscape in Ukraine. The study is based on: analysis and generalization of the main documents on the implementation of the concept of cultural landscape in international law in order to protect both cultural and natural heritage; study of legislative and practical experience of some foreign countries in the application of the concept of cultural landscape in the context of its identification, typology, cartographic visualization and popularization; a review of the current state of legislative, regulatory and methodological support and practical results on these issues in monument preservation activities in Ukraine. The goals, objectives, conceptual principles and methodological approaches to its creation, namely: development of its content, organization, thematic parts, principles of description and representation of mapping objects, creation of appropriate GIS, visualization of spatial and attributive data, etc., are defined.

독일의 연방 문화유산법제에 대한 고찰을 통한 우리나라 문화유산법제 개선에의 시사점

With the enactment of ʻthe Basic Law on National Heritageʼ in Korea, The ʻCultural Property Protection Actʼ will be renamed ʻthe Act on the Preservation and Utilization of Cultural Heritageʼ(acronym: the Cultural Heritage Act) from May 17, 2024. The Cultural Heritage Act shall serve as the basic law related to the cultural heritage legislation. The Cultural Heritage Act includes such as contents; the establishment and promotion of the protection of cultural heritage as defined in the Basic Law on National Heritage, the creation of a foundation for cultural heritage protection, and the nationally designated cultural heritage, general movable cultural heritage, and municipal-designated cultural heritage. In the Basic Law on National Heritage, cultural heritage refers only to tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage is separately classified as intangible cultural heritage. But both tangible and intangible cultural heritage should be considered as the subject of the cultural heritage legislation. Korea had a representative comprehensive cultural property protection legal system in the past, but government recently divided the Intangible Cultural Property Act, the Buried Cultural Property Act, and the Cultural Property Repair Act from the previous Cultural Property Protection Act. Furthermore, Matters related to the preservation and management of natural monuments and scenic spots will be stipulated in newly enacted the “Act on the Preservation and Utilization of Natural Heritage” (acronym: Natural Heritage Act). Although the laws was divided from previous Cultural Property Protection Act, the jurisdiction of the Cultural Heritage Administration remains the same. In order for an effective cultural heritage policy to be activated under the changed legal environment, it is necessary to analyze and examine international agreements related to the globalization of cultural heritage and related legal systems of major countries. And these analysis and examination will be contributed to make legislative and policy improvements to the issues that have been problematic domestically. In this regard, this paper aims to draw implications by examining the German cultural heritage legal system which the federal and state cooperate while maintaining a dual system. In Germany, the protection and management of domestic cultural heritage is protected by the State(Land) in the form of monument protection laws, and the federal government operates the cultural property protection law, which aims to prevent cultural property from being lost by controlling the export, import, and distribution of cultural property. I think it will be a great reference for improving legislation for the globalization of cultural heritage in Korea. In particular, the regulations related to the return of cultural properties illegally leaked abroad and the international exchange of cultural properties are worth referring to. Germany's Cultural Property Protection Act as a federal law has detailed regulations that control the export, import, and distribution of cultural properties, so I think it will be a great reference for improving legislation to globalize Korea's cultural heritage. In particular, regulations related to the return of illegally leaked cultural properties overseas, the guarantee of return of international loans, and the international exchange of cultural properties are worth referencing in Korea's legislative improvement.

Возрождение объектов исторического наследия на Северном Кавказе в условиях урбанизации

Introduction. The Caucasus attracts tourists with its historical heritage, but many monuments are under threat of destruction due to lack of funding. To preserve the heritage and develop the region, a strategy is needed to create a tourism cluster that will contribute to economic growth and the creation of new jobs. Many countries have used their historical monuments to develop tourism and the economy. In Europe and Asia, projects to reconstruct ancient cities and temples have led to an increase in the flow of tourists. The Caucasus has a unique heritage and can become a successful example. Restoring monuments not only preserves history, but also invests in the future of the region, its economy and cultural diversity. Materials and methods. The authors of this study analyzed a number of legislative initiatives, and also analyzed scientific and literary sources in the field of tourism and monument conservation. In addition to this, they conducted practical research using modern methods of physical and mechanical testing of materials and structures. These studies included quality control methods, as well as the use of modern mathematical tools for summarizing and processing experimental and statistical data. In addition to conducting their own research, the authors also took into account the results of previous scientific research and the experience of successful practices in the field of tourism and restoration of monuments. During the analysis of legislative initiatives, they took into account recent changes in legislation relating to the protection of cultural heritage and stimulation of tourism activities. The combined analysis approach included both theoretical and practical aspects, which contributed to a deeper understanding of issues related to tourism and restoration of monuments. This multifaceted approach also provided more accurate and objective results, supported by evidence and analysis. Results. The work provides an overview of the current state of monuments in the Caucasus region and examines their general characteristics. The essence of tourism as a key factor influencing the development of historically significant territories is analyzed. In this context, current trends in the field of tourism that have an impact on the preservation and restoration of the cultural heritage of the region are also considered. The role of tourism in the development of historical monuments of the Caucasus is undoubtedly high. The tourism potential of this region is based on its rich cultural heritage, which includes architectural masterpieces, ancient monuments and numerous archaeological finds. Discussion. Modern research shows that tourism contributes not only to the preservation, but also to the active restoration of objects of historical significance. Scientific and technical solutions play a key role in the process of restoration and maintenance of cultural monuments of the Caucasus. The use of advanced technologies also includes the use of remote monitoring methods, which allow us to constantly monitor the condition of monuments and quickly respond to any changes. This contributes to more effective and sustainable management of the cultural heritage of the Caucasus, preserving it for future generations. In general, the integration of tourism, scientific and technical solutions into the management and restoration of cultural monuments of the Caucasus region is an important aspect of modern practice, contributing to the preservation of the rich historical heritage of this unique region. Conclusion. Fundamental methods and methodologies were developed for organizing and carrying out work on the preservation and restoration of monuments of historical and cultural heritage. In this context, a scale for assessing damage and destruction has been developed, which makes it possible to more accurately determine the extent of damage and select appropriate methods of restoration measures. Based on current trends in the field of restoration and repair of cultural objects, the study included additional data obtained from the latest research and practical developments in this field. New approaches to repair and restoration requirements have been proposed taking into account modern standards and technologies. Resume. As a result of the research, effective repair and restoration compounds were identified, intended for use in various conditions and taking into account the specifics of specific historical and cultural monuments. These compounds meet the high requirements for preserving the authenticity of objects while ensuring the long-term stability of the restored structures. Suggestions for practical applications and future research directions. The research results can be useful in the repair, restoration and restoration of cultural heritage sites (towers, castles, historical monuments) both in the North Caucasus and beyond.

Restoration of Monumental Painting in Ukraine in the 1950–1960s. Social Aspirations and Ideological Collisions

The purpose of the article is to consider the peculiarities of restoration of sites of monumental painting of Ukraine in the post-war years 1945-1960s in the context of the influence of social, economic, and ideological factors. The research methodology consists in the application of general scientific and special research methods, in particular, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, generalisation and abstraction, semitic, descriptive, which together made it possible to obtain well-founded conclusions. The scientific novelty consists in outlining the general directions and approaches in preserving the artistic heritage of the post-war period of the 1950s-1960s, identifying gains and losses. Conclusions. Against the background of the global scale of the destruction of cultural heritage monuments, which required the implementation of complex monument protection and restoration tasks, the foundations of scientific methodology in the field of restoration of wall paintings were formed. The increase in the pace and volume of the restoration of cultural and artistic monuments after the Second World War was affected by new challenges caused by the lack of a material, technical and methodological base, qualified human resources, and shortcomings in the organisation of work. At the same time, deep destructive manifestations caused by atheistic state policy with a pronounced totalitarian colour have become fatal for a number of Ukrainian historical and cultural monuments, introducing a contradictory character into the establishment of the restoration work in the country. Thanks to the active position of leading cultural figures and the founders of the new Ukrainian restoration school of monumental art – Luka Kalenichenko, Olha Plihusch, Yevhen Mamolat, the first post-war decades became decisive in the formation of the national restoration and monument protection industries. Keywords: monumental painting, restoration, restoration workshop, preservation of monuments.

Experimental Investigation and In-Situ Testing of Traffic-Induced Vibrations on the Adjacent Ruins of an Ancient Cultural Sites

Background: Studying the effects of traffic vibration on adjacent structures has produced fruitful results, but there is a lack of systematic research on the protection, assessment, and ambient vibration effects on cultural relics, and the majority of the studies focus on above-ground buildings, with less research conducted on underground cultural relic sites. Objective: In order to investigate the effects of road-traffic-induced vibration on nearby underground sites, the distance between them was precisely determined. Methodology/approach: The site of Chengshang Village in Jurong City, Nanjing, China, was chosen as the research object, and the vibration of the underground site caused by traffic volume was measured on-site. Based on statistical analysis of experimental data, the vibration velocity was deduced as a function of the vehicle’s speed and the vibration source’s distance. Results: The excellent frequency band for traffic load vibration is between 0 and 40 Hz, and the attenuation speed of high-frequency vibration is faster than that of low-frequency vibration; the vibration speed is positively correlated with the speed of the vehicle, and the distance from the vibration source is exponentially attenuated; and under the condition of the determined limit value of the load and the vibration speed, the safety distance increases. Conclusions: This research utilizes the collected data to describe the relationship between the vibration velocity and the distance from the vibration source. Additionally, it estimates the appropriate distance at which cultural relics should be placed from the road to ensure their safety. The study’s findings may serve as a valuable point of reference for traffic planning and the preservation of underground cultural monuments.

Regulatory and Legal Bases of Digitalising Book Monuments of Ukraine

The aim of the article is to analyze the laws of Ukraine, the resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Orders of the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine in the context of their defining the normative and legal bases of working with book monuments of Ukraine. The article studies the settlement of the issue of Ukrainian book heritage digitization as a tool for its preservation and popularization.
 Research methods involve a combination of analysis and synthesis methods in their dialectical interaction, as well as methods of empirical and theoretical research, and system and structural analysis.
 The scientific novelty of the study consists in highlighting the presence of legal grounds in the current regulatory and legal base of Ukraine for the implementation of the technology of digitalizing Ukrainian book monuments, and working out ways to bring the legal field of Ukraine closer to the EU standards in terms of rare books digitization.
 Main conclusions. Book monuments of Ukraine are of great importance for the national identity formation. The demand for the formation of a stable Ukrainian identity has increased after the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Under these conditions, the protection of the spiritual heritage of Ukraine has become a matter of national security, taking into account the fact that it is impossible to form a national identity without it. In conditions of the active formation of a digital society, the opportunities for preservation, study and presentation of cultural monuments in the modern cultural sphere grow rapidly. Digitization technology is an effective tool for preservation and protection of book monuments, opens the way to their unhindered promotion in modern information space. In this article, the importance of protecting book monuments of Ukraine through the digitization technology introduction in conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war is emphasized. It is established that the existing regulatory and legal bases ground the legitimate foundation for the book monuments digitization. The prospects for improving the legal sphere of Ukraine in terms of its approximation to the standards of the European Union are clarified.

ENHANCING THE PERCEPTION OF AN URBAN AREA - A CASE STUDY OF BATALA CITY

The city image defines how people see and recall aspects in urban environments. The most distinguishing components of urban landscape, classified as pathways, nodes, boundaries, districts, and landmarks, form people's mental representations of the city. Because to urbanisation, India's historic cities are in grave danger. The heritage zones are essential components of the city's fabric, contributing to the city's image. Apart from possessing magnificent examples of traditional architecture, these heritage neighbourhoods serve as cultural and social hubs for the city, providing citizens with a sense of worth. The development process over the last few decades has had such an impact on historic towns that evidence of their historic worth is being destroyed forever. This historical zone is plagued by numerous concerns and problems. People come to Batala to enjoy the city's Punjabi culture and traditions. Maximum tourist visit to the city during "BABE DA VIVAH". This cultural zone is a one-of-a-kind place where the ambiance blends both old and modern architecture, and it is a multifunctional area offering a mix of history, educational, entertainment, residential, culinary, and so on. This area has a rich history, as evidenced by the presence of four major ancient monuments: Shamsher Khan Tomb, Jal Mahal, Baring Chaple, and Maharaj Sher Singh Palace. During the British Raj, this region was also frequented by British people. This cultural district has a number of issues, including a lack of a pedestrian area, criminal activity, a change in space use, changes in scale and land use, and so on. Furthermore, Batala city has no space for social interaction or recreation; there is only 0.81% of recreational area in the city, which is almost negligible; thus, there is an urgent need to create one cultural district in the city, which will not only help the city's residents socialise but will also attract tourists, resulting in the preservation of heritage monuments and increased revenue for the city.

Intervista ad Andrea Marchi. Una nuova stagione del Comitato Regionale per le Onoranze ai Caduti di Marzabotto

The interview with Andrea Marchi focuses mainly on the topic of the memory of the Monte Sole Massacre, with particular reference to the Committee’s role in commemorations and the preservation and enhancement of monuments and documentary heritage. Topics such as historical research and education organized by the Committee are also discussed.

CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION

The article is devoted to studying ways to classify architectural monuments of territorial communities of the Carpathian region. The study’s relevance is due to the active development of the Carpathian region, which leads to an increase in the importance and need to preserve cultural heritage sites located on its territory. The article aims to classify the architectural monuments of the amalgamated territorial communities of Prykarpattia to preserve, study, and properly use them in the context of the active development of this region. To achieve this goal, we solved several tasks: defined the essence of the concept of ‘architectural monument’ and the most common ways of classifying architectural monuments; classified architectural monuments of the united territorial communities of Prykarpattia; determined the role of classification in the preservation, study, and proper use of architectural monuments of this region and the country as a whole. The study used general scientific methods of cognition: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, association and analogy. The study found that architectural monuments are classified by status, type, and purpose. The classification of architectural monuments of the territorial communities of Prykarpattia is essential for their preservation, protection, and determination of cultural and historical significance. To date, many of these sites are in unsatisfactory and close to critical condition and, therefore, require urgent emergency and conservation work. The implementation of these measures is complicated by problems existing in the state system of protection of cultural heritage sites. These problems include the imperfection of existing registers, reduced funding, and the lack of a comprehensive state program of action for the protection, preservation, maintenance, use, conservation, restoration, rehabilitation, and museumification of cultural heritage sites. Their classification can partially solve these problems. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the results obtained to develop and improve strategies for the preservation, study, and proper use of architectural monuments of the communities of Prykarpattia. Keywords: architectural monument, united territorial community, cultural heritage, UNESCO, State Register of Immovable Monuments.

The Reconstruction of Post-War Stalingrad and Preservation of Monuments of Military History in Modern Volgograd-City

The Reconstruction of Post-War Stalingrad and Preservation of Monuments of Military History in Modern Volgograd-City

Rock art of Titovskaya Sopka: the results of the latest research

The article presents the results of field work carried out in 2022-2023, during which the rock art monuments of the Titovskaya hill were re–examined - Sokhatinyi Kamen, Sukhotino–13 and Titovskaya Hill, presumably dating from the II millennium BC. The first millennium A.D. A new pisanitsa Gorge was discovered with two groups represented by images of lines and a zoomorphic figure. Much attention is paid by the authors to the recently discovered groups with ancient images on the planes of the Sokhatina Stone and Sukhotino-13, as well as to the analysis of the semantics and dating of all the monuments of rock art of the Titovskaya Hill. In the course of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that rock carvings, mainly on the Sokhatin Stone, were systematically applied by nomadic pastoral tribes, and could be used as ritual complexes. At the same time, the problem of preservation of monuments and their further museification within the framework of the Ethno-Archeopark "Sukhotino" is being raised. To clarify the more accurate chronology and semantics of the drawings, further research is needed using various interdisciplinary methods, such as ethnography, as well as natural science, which will allow for a more detailed study of these objects in terms of dating and cultural affiliation.

Damage description, material characterization, retrofitting, and dynamic identification of a complex neoclassical monument affected by the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake

Neoclassical monuments with multiple courtyards are complex brick masonry constructions of the 19th century. They are vulnerable to seismic ground shaking. The 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal damaged several such structures in Kathmandu Valley. Seismic capacity and/or vulnerability of such structures is associated with large uncertainties. Numerical modeling of such structures is challenging due to underlying uncertainties in their material properties and lack of construction details at the time of their construction. Retrofitting of such structures when damaged by earthquakes, although important for the preservation of their historical and cultural values, is challenging on many fronts. This paper presents a case study of a neoclassical monument in Nepal. A detailed description of the damage caused by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake is presented. Then retrofitting measures used to restore and enhance the structure of the monument are discussed in detail. In-situ and laboratory tests conducted to characterize material properties of the monument are also presented. Numerical models of the monument are then created to estimate its modal vibration properties. Dynamic identification of vibration frequencies of the monument before and after retrofitting is shown as a viable means to reduce uncertainties in the numerical model, a large part of which is due to inherent uncertainties in material properties of such monuments. The results show a significant increase in the stiffness of the structure after retrofitting it with measures that are compliant with the preservation of historical monuments.

Handcrafted Reproduction of a 17th Century Bema Door Supported by 3D Digitization and CNC Machining

During the Ottoman period, wood had replaced marble in Orthodox churches. Between the 16th and 19th century, common, unknown craftsmen created wonderful wood-carved ecclesiastical works by hand, though many of them have been partially or completely destroyed, usually without any of their images being saved. Advances in technology now make it possible to develop a detailed digital copy of an object of our cultural heritage, creating an unaltered prototype material to be studied by all, while offering in parallel the ease of reproducing precise copies, ensuring even museum quality standards. In the present study, a corresponding attempt to record, scan and then reconstruct a 17th century “Bema Door” (located in the Holy Monastery of Hilandar in Mount Athos) is implemented, presented step-by-step and discussed, in order to highlight the challenges and potential of the applied methods. The process included on-site recording of a 3D digital scan, and then the creation of the Bema door copy, first applying Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machining and then, with elaborate handwork by experienced wood-carvers who successfully completed the process, imparting the necessary and unique human artistic character. The current work transfers the experience on this reproduction technique applied in a Bema door element, shares significant information and details on tools, materials, process steps, etc., in order to be an inspiration and stimulus for the preservation or reproduction of other cultural heritage monuments of high importance.

THE BIULETYN INFORMACYJNY ZARZĄDUMUZEÓW I OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW BULLETIN,1955–1987

In 1955–1987, the Directorate of Museums andMonument Preservation (until 1959: Central Directorateof Museums and Monument Preservation), a structuralunit of the Ministry of Culture and Art, published BiuletynInformacyjny, a bulletin dedicated to documenting theactivity of museums in Poland. In 1955-1959, it was called<i>Biuletyn Informacyjny Centralnego Zarządu Muzeówi Ochrony Zabytków</i>, while in 1959–1987, it was publishedunder the name Biuletyn Informacyjny Zarządu Muzeówi Ochrony Zabytków. It was published as a bimonthly ora quarterly with a limited circulation (400–600 copies),and was delivered to museums. The following served as itssubsequent Editors-in-Chief: Mieczysław Ptaśnik (until 1972),Stanisław Brzostowski (until 1976), and Franciszek Midura(until 1987). The core content of the publication coveredshort factual information reporting on definite achievementsof particular museums or Minister’s initiatives, as well aslonger papers authored in their majority by the EditorialStaff and museum curators who submitted their materials.Informative texts were included in the sections whosenames altered. The most important of them were as follows:I. ‘Research and Academic Discoveries’, II. ‘Publications’,III. ‘Exhibitions’, IV. ‘New Acquisitions’, V. ‘EducationalActions’, VI. ‘Conservation Works’, VII. ’Foreign Cooperation’,VIII. ‘Foreign Museums’, IX. ‘Conferences’, X. ‘Communiqués’,XI. ‘Papers’. Despite bearing features of a journal publishedunder the ideological and political control of the Communistregime, the Biuletyn Informacyjny Zarządu Muzeów i OchronyZabytków bulletin essentially constitutes a reliable source forthe history of Polish museology in 1955-1987.

SPATIAL CONFLICTS OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER IN THE CITY OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK

Existing spatial conflicts related to the historical environment of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk are analyzed. Examples of the emergence of conflict-forming factors of spatial conflicts related to the impact on the historical and architectural environment of our city are given. An analysis of the appearance of this kind of spatial conflicts, which have the greatest impact on the historical center of the city, where the historical environment of our city is most concentrated, was conducted. 
 Conducting an analysis of the given examples of spatial conflicts that arose on the territory of our city, related to the historical environment, gives grounds for drawing conclusions about the low professional ethics of architects, designers, managers who make decisions without thinking about the preservation of architectural monuments, are not far-sighted in terms of preserving the historical past. Manifestations of inconsistency between architectural and urban planning and historical and architectural legislation. After all, with further actions, we can lose the historical memory associated with many buildings or places, and in the future such places can be displayed only on commemorative plaques, and in the best case, or completely forgotten. 
 It is necessary to continue the work on conducting a total inventory of the architectural monuments of our city with subsequent subsequent certification of historical monuments. Conduct work with all owners or tenants on the conclusion of security agreements with memo holders. 
 Unsystematic intervention in the historical environment deprives us of many historical evidences; any construction work can be carried out in the historical area only after the conclusion of archaeologists. Therefore, during the constant monitoring of construction sites in the center of the city, the department for the protection of cultural heritage obliges developers to conclude agreements with archaeological services, or to assist archaeologists in surveying during earthworks, although in most cases they cause active opposition from both developers and builders.