Month Of September Research Articles

Relationship Between Convective Storm Properties and Lightning Over the Western Ghats

AbstractX‐band radar observations are integrated with lightning location network observations to investigate the relationship between convective storm properties and lightning over the Western Ghats during a monsoon season (June–September 2014). Convective storms (cells) were identified using an objective‐tracking method and instantaneous lightning strikes within the radar domain were then linked with observed storms. This spatio‐temporal sampling of individual convective cells and lightning has facilitated process‐based study of electrified convection over the Ghats for the first time. Storm and lightning occurrences are typically high during monsoon onset and withdrawal months of June and September, respectively. A spatial correspondence between deep‐intense storms, lightning, and intense convective cores indicated presence of large hydrometeors in the mixed‐phase region of storm supported by strong updrafts and is essential for lightning. The large‐scale instability that peaked during afternoon hours was a key factor in the formation of deep‐intense storms and lightning. Results show that majority of lightning‐producing storms are located on the leeward side as opposed to the windward side. These storms have deeper top‐heights, larger areas and vertically integrated liquid, and an enhanced hail probability than those devoid of lightning. Warm season convection in the study area is accompanied by the preponderance of negative Cloud to Ground (−CG) flashes over positive Cloud to Ground (+CG) lightning. Storms with +CG features exhibited much higher (>2 times) vertical airmass flux in the mid‐troposphere (6–9 km) than storms without +CG features. Furthermore, for majority of +CG storms, intracloud flash occurrences increased significantly above the freezing level.

Hybrid Learning and Teaching in Mathematics Courses Due to COVID-19

The educational strategies have changed in Pakistan due to COVID-19. This epidemic covers almost 204 countries and territories all over the world and on 11th March 2020, WHO declared this outbreak as a pandemic. Pakistan has become one of the two hundred and four countries over the world has stopped their educational activities and closed their institutions for unspecified d uration. As we know that spring semester was started in the month of January in Pakistani universities, and had covered almost half path of its journey. In this situation, HEC (Higher Education Commission) announced that universities must convert educational activities in hybrid teaching mode and start online teaching. We made a case study on the Learning Management System (LMS), Campus management System, and WhatsApp etc. Apply these tools on private sector engineering university where two hundred and fifty students enrolled in different mathematics courses. The outcome of this study shows that quick switching to the online education system was little bit difficult but successful. Though in the beginning, there were some problems for teachers and students both but overall the experience was good. Government of Pakistan will reopen the education institute in the month of September and in these days we are quite close to resume educational activities as per the regular practice. The aim of this study is to support to continue the hybrid teaching mode at tertiary level in the regular teaching practice specifically of Mathematics courses. In hybrid teaching mode, the ratio of face to face teaching is seventy percent and online tools and teaching strategies used thirty percent. This method of teaching and learning keep students connected with their teachers. Lastly, we suggest that there is still a room for betterment in LMS. The result of this study shows that students’ performance in mathematics class and exam has been improved by using different application, software and gadgets. E-learning teaching and learning method will be beneficial strategy.

Admitted Dengue Cases among the Adult Dengue Positive Cases in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Dengue is an infectious disease. This disease is prevalent mainly in the terai belts of Nepal. But in the last few years, the cases are in increasing trend in the hilly areas of Nepal. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of admitted dengue cases among adult dengue-positive cases in a tertiary care centre. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done at a tertiary teaching hospital after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 063/2077/2078). Convenience sampling was used. The data of serologically confirmed dengue cases, during the period of 1 August 2019 to 1 December 2019, of ages above 15 years, were collected from the hospital records. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Out of 922 adult dengue-positive patients, 347 (37.63%) (36.04-39.22, 95% Confidence Interval) were admitted. Among them, 154 (44.38%) cases were seen during the month of September. A total of 264 (76.08%) were the inhabitants of the Kaski district. A total of one hundred seventy eight (51.29%) cases were males. The most common symptoms seen were fever among 335 (96.54%) patients and headache among 141 (40.63%) patients. Leukopenia was seen in 192 (55.33%) patients and thrombocytopenia was seen in 165 (47.55%) of the admitted cases. The prevalence of admitted dengue cases was higher as compared to other studies done in similar settings.

Audiological profile and handicap levels in people with vestibular disorders at Centro Equilibra, Vértigo and Equilibrio, San José, Costa Rica

Background and objectiveVestibular disorders are linked to a group of pathologies that can affect the vestibular part, the auditory part, or both parts of the inner ear. The problem in this study is the little information that exists about the audiological profile of people suffering from vestibular disorders in Costa Rica. There are international research studies on this topic, but there are no records of studies conducted in the Costa Rican population. This is why there is interest in developing this research which aims to characterize the audiological profile and the levels of handicap in people with vestibular disorders under Centro Equilibra, Vertigo and Equilibrio consultation during the months of September to November 2019. Patients and methodsA descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, and observational analytical study with patients over 18 years old who attended Centro Equilibra. The main variables analysed were sex, age, personal pathological history, medical diagnosis, main vestibular symptoms, auditory manifestations, and levels of handicap. ResultsThe data was obtained from 177 people; vestibular disorders occurred more in the female sex (ratio 2.6:1). The mean age was 56 years. Fifty-three point seven percent presented slight sensorineural hearing loss, gradually decreasing. Of the population, 33.9% presented tinnitus, mostly at high frequencies. In the adult population, 52% presented some level of hearing handicap, unlike older adults, where the majority (77%) did not present any level of handicap. People with vestibular disorders perceive greater physical handicap (83%). ConclusionsHearing loss was the most common hearing manifestation and although statistical analysis shows that it is not directly related to vestibular disorders, it is related to concomitant metabolic diseases. For this reason, it is necessary to promote the prevention of metabolic diseases as one of the measures to improve hearing health, even from an early age.

Estimation and variation of saturation mixing ratio and mixing ratio over Potiskum, Nigeria

In this study, the monthly average mean temperature, relative humidity and surface pressure data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for a period of thirty-eight (1979 – 2016) years was employed to estimate the saturation mixing ratio and mixing ratio for Potiskum located in the Sahelian climatic zone of Nigeria. The monthly variation of saturation mixing ratio and mixing ratio with the meteorological parameters during the period under focused was investigated. The results revealed that the maximum and minimum values of saturation mixing ratio were found in the months of May and December with 31.7067 g kg-1 and 17.5980 g kg-1, respectively. The maximum and minimum values of saturation mixing ratio were found in the months of September and February with 20.6797 g kg-1 and 4.1153 g kg-1, respectively. The results showed that high values of mixing ratio were observed during the rainy season and low values during the dry season. The monthly variation of saturation mixing ratio with mean temperature and the monthly variation of mixing ratio with relative humidity depicts direct relationship. The monthly variation of saturation mixing ratio with atmospheric pressure and relative humidity and the monthly variation of mixing ratio with mean temperature and atmospheric pressure varies differently.

Analytical and Numerical Studies of Transient Heat Transfer in Soil for Geothermal Systems

The study of geothermal systems requires a good knowledge of heat transfers in the depth of the soil. The aim of this work is to study the distribution of temperature in the ground under the climatic conditions of Togo. The analytical and numerical solutions of unidirectional heat transfer equation assuming the soil as a semi-infinite medium are found. The analytical solution is validated by comparing the results of the present work to those found in literature. A good qualitative agreement between these results was noted. The results show that the attenuation depth decreases when the attenuation accuracy of the thermal wave increases. The analysis of the effect of moisture content indicates that the increasing in soil conductivity with moisture result in the decreasing of the attenuation depth. Soil temperature increases when increasing soil thermal diffusivity. It is found also that, soil temperatures decrease with depth and stabilize around an average value of 30°C for depths greater than about 5.8 m for all type of soil studied in the month of March which is the hottest month of the year in Togo. A gradual decrease in temperature can be seen from March to August (hot period) followed by stabilization at around 28°C with a depth of 5.8 m. The phenomenon is reversed for the months of September to February (cold period). The soil warms up slowly during the day and cools down slowly at night because of the thermal inertia of the soil. A decrease in amplitude of the thermal wave near ground surface, is observed when the Leaf Area Index (LAI) increases. However, ils influence on the stabilization depth is not very significant. Stabilization of soil temperatures in March month is observed at a depth of about 40 cm for all LAI with a value of 37°C.

Seasonal variation of endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in healthy non-geriatric donkeys in Northern California

Elevated plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is often used to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. The hormone naturally increases in the fall in horses, and donkeys have been found to have higher ACTH concentrations than horses. However, circannual variation of ACTH has not been assessed in donkeys. The objective of the study was to establish seasonal variation of basal plasma ACTH concentrations over the course of a year in clinically healthy, non-geriatric donkeys. It was hypothesized that donkey ACTH concentrations would be higher than those reported in horses without PPID in all seasons, and that, similarly to horses, ACTH concentrations would further increase in the fall months. Twenty-six healthy adult donkeys (10 standards, 16 miniatures), a median (range) of 6 (2–13) years of age, were included. Donkeys were housed at a single location. Serial plasma samples were obtained monthly for 12 months. Plasma ACTH concentrations were determined by immunoassay. Data are presented as median (range), with a P-value < 0.05 considered significant. ACTH concentrations were lowest in the winter and spring [12.8 (5.0–73.6) pg/ml and 12.5 (2.8–62.6) pg/ml, respectively], with an increase in the summer [53.2 (29.7–305.0) pg/ml], and peak in the fall [77.1 (12.4–319.0) pg/ml]. ACTH concentrations were highest in the month of September [122.0 (41.7–319.0) pg/ml]. Donkey ACTH concentrations were higher than equine reference ranges from May through November but showed similar circannual variation with dramatic increases in the fall months. Species-specific reference ranges are necessary for accurate interpretation of endocrinopathy screenings in donkeys.

Remote sensing based characterisation of community level phenological variations in a regional forest landscape of Western Ghats, India

The use of remote sensing for examining phenological variation in tropical forests is scarce. The major objectives of the study were to characterize the intra-annual variability of phenological cycle of the Biligiri Ranganathaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve (BRT) and the potentiality of these phenological metrices in defining species assemblages by classifying the forest. Sentinel-2 derived temporal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data of 2019 was used to extract the vegetation trends and to derive phenological metrics using CropPhenology R package. Seasonal trends revealed that the highest greenness was associated with high NDVI values in September and October. We identified seven vegetation classes in the region and used Random Forest classifier to prepare a community level classification map with an overall classification accuracy of 68.9%. Our results revealed that incorporating the field sampling data and NDVI data can be effectively used for identifying, mapping and monitoring phenology of the BRT landscape..

Dental Undergraduate Students Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Due to COVID-19 pandemic globally, regular schooling and teaching were disrupted and e-learning has become the major mode of teaching and learning from the age of childhood to professional colleges. After the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present survey was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of dental undergraduates of Mysore city, India. Methodology: This present cross-sectional study was conducted among third and fourth BDS students of JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysore during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The study was conducted in the month of September and October 2020. There were about 184 students present in both 3rd and 4th year BDS. The questionnaire was sent to all the students through SurveyMonkey. Out of 184 students, 134 students responded for the questionnaire and the response rate would be around 72.82%. Validity and reliability were assessed before finalizing the questionnaire. Results: Almost 90% of the students had a computer and Internet facilities and they have computer and Internet facilities. Two-thirds of the students preferred blended learning, i.e., a combination of e-learning and a traditional classroom environment, and that the assignments could be finished better in a traditional method. Regarding satisfaction, 80% of the students expressed dissatisfaction toward online learning. Conclusion: Although the dental students had computer and Internet facilities, they had negative perceptions and attitudes toward online learning. Almost all students favored the traditional method of learning.

Prevalence and prediction of pressure ulcers in admitted stroke patients in a tertiary care hospital

Pressure ulcer (PU) is a localized injury to the skin or underlying tissues usually over a bony prominence, which results due to pressure or pressure in combination with shear. It is an expensive health care problem that have deterring impact on the length of hospitalization and cause extra nursing care time. Moreover, PUs negatively impacts patients’ health related quality of life. High PUs prevalence figures were found in specialized hospital units such as intensive care unit (ICU), orthopedics, surgery, and also in stroke patients in medical units. The major purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of pressure ulcers in stroke patients at Ayub teaching hospital. The methodology used for carrying out the research was cross-sectional study conducted during months of September, October, and November 2020. Questionnaire was used to collect the data and well-informed written consent was taken from the patients. A total of 120 stroke patients were initially included with the intention to study the frequency of PUs among them. Different age groups were taken but majority (48.3%) belonged to the age group 31–60 years. Maximum patients were hypertensive (65%), while few of them were diabetic (35%). From the results of proposed work, it is found that out of 120 stroke patients, 75.8% presented with ischemic stroke while 24.2% presented with hemorrhagic stroke. 8.3% that is 10 out of 120 stroke patients developed pressure ulcers of grade 1 (1.7%), grade 2 (1.7%), grade 3 (2.5%), and grade 4 (2.5%) mostly in the sacral region (6.7%) and also on ankle (0.8%), and shoulder (0.8%) respectively. Patients in the study group had unsatisfactory hygiene (6.7%) were malnourished (11.7%) and were not using preventive mattresses (79.2%). Those at the risk of developing pressure ulcers were not being repositioned (6.7%) and did not had awareness (10%). Prevention and treatment used in ward is 100%. Conclusively, the frequency of pressure ulcers in stroke patients was determined to be 8.3% and the most frequent localization was sacrum. The PU care in this hospital is appropriate but still could be improved further by improving risk assessment, prevention specially use of air mattress and patient education regarding PUs. The main objective of the study is to identify the frequency of PUs in stroke patients and to highlight various factors that would avoid PUs development.

Perception of Post graduate educational environment among Radiology Residents Using PHEEM criteria: A comparison between two public sector hospitals

Background: Educational environment includes the support system of physical surrounding, equipment and human resource that helps to motivate engagement towards acquiring knowledge and learning. Assessment of student’s perception on educational environment provides opportunities for improving learning experiences. Aim: To compare the perception of the learning environment at two public sector tertiary care hospitals in different cities of Pakistan using a standardized validated tool, PHEEM. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, using 40 statement PHEEM Validated questionnaire, radiology residents of FCPS, MCPS, FRCR and MD working at two public sector teaching hospitals were included. The study was conducted in months of August and September 2021 with non-purposive convenience sampling technique. The individual perception scores by residents were calculated. The means, standard deviation and standard error of mean were calculated for individual domains as well as global scores and then compared in the two different hospitals, different levels in years of residency and both genders. A p-value of ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: There were 45 radiology residents in total, who completed the questionnaire. The trainees perceived educational environment positive at their institutes, with a global mean of 73.3 (SD: 28.5). Autonomy, teaching and social support were rated 25.2 (SD 9.2), 30.1 (SD 13.4) and 18.1 (SD 7.6) respectively. Gender wise there was no difference between the PHEEM scores of the two groups. P value was 0.4. Similarly year of training did not have much difference either with a p value of 0.9 in the total PHEEM score of 1st year and 4th year residents. Conclusion: Our results show that we have plenty of problems in both the hospitals which need to be addressed one by one. Keywords: educational environment, PHEEM, standardized, perception

Length-weight relationship of four species of ornamental fish from the lower Rio Negro basin in the Brazilian Amazon

The present study describes the length-weight relationship of four species of ornamental fish caught on the banks of Tupé lake in lower Rio Negro, Amazonas state, Brazil in the months of September and December 2017, and February, March, and April 2018 with the aid of gillnets (20 m x 2 m, with 5 mm between knots), and landing nets, which were used specifically for collections close to the trunks. Acarichthys heckelii (b= 2.9444) and Nannostomus unifasciatus (b=3.0887) were the only species to show isometric growth, while Pseudoloricaria laeviuscula (b=3.273) showed positive allometric growth and Hemigrammus levis (b=2.5216) presented negative allometric growth. All length-weight-relationships presented herein are recorded for the first time from the Rio Negro basin

Population dynamics and fecundity estimates of Long-spined Black Sea Urchin Diadema savignyi (Audouin, 1890) from the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

Sea Urchin is not only the crucial keystone species for the coral reef restoration but also it has antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities. This study undertaken to focus on length weight relationship, size fecundity distribution and the estimation of fecundity from the long-spined Sea Urchin, Diadema savignyi at the coastal water of the middle Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. A total of 633 specimen of D. savignyi has been collected from the coastal water of Obhur Creak during the sampling time. In each species, total length (TL) measured as a TW = 11.908 × 0.9995 (R2 = 0.8975) through the linear regression graph and digital slide callipers and, individual body weight estimated by the digital balance. The natural and fishing mortality 2.02/yr and 0.19/yr respectively has documented from study area. The Asymptotic length value (L∞) (cm) were estimated 7.35 where the growth coefficient (K) was 0.67 from the monthly length-frequency numeric data by using FAO FISAT II software for generating and estimating the population parameters and age. However, the recruitment pattern was observed to be increased gradually with the maximum recruitment peak between the months of September and October 2021. Therefore, the estimation of fecundity varied from 49,226 ova (total length 3.1 cm) to 466,133 ova (total length 6.8). As a result, analysis of the relationship between the absolute fecundity (F) and total length (TL), and between the fecundity and drained body weight (DW), revealed a linear regression model with a positive and significant relationship at p < 0.05. This is the first approach to study the detailed population dynamic of the ecologically and economically important tropical long spine sea urchin (D. savignyi) endemic to the region. However, the result so far obtained from this research would greatly be useful towards the understanding of the detailed population structure and growth patterns that will undoubtedly help us to develop captive breeding, seed production, culture protocols, conservation strategies and isolation bioactive compounds of this high-valued species incommensurate with national and international perspectives.

The Effect of Paddy and Coffee Husk as the Organic Manure on the Vegetative and Yield Parameters of Moth Bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq) Marechal

Background: Amidst of emerging world with the new technologies we are in the dangerous condition regarding the disposal of agro industrial wastes which creates a serious problem. Organic manures can prevent and can enhance the productivity in the plants as well as can reduce the environmental issues. Methods: The study was conducted in the month of September to November 2019 at St. Joseph’s College Campus, Visakhapatnam, A.P. with the bio composting process of paddy and coffee husk along with Pleurotus eous, Pleurotus florida, Trichoderma asperelloides and Eisenia fetida, with 6 treatments. The plants were analyzed for root length, shoot length, number of leaves, number of nodules, fresh weight and dry weight of the plant on 20, 40 and 60 DAS and the yield parameters were analyzed on 90th day of the plant. Result: The results showed a great increase in the treatment 6 (Pre decomposed coffee husk, consortium of Pleurotus eous, P. florida, Trichoderma asperelloides and Eisenia fetida) in root length (8.5, 12.9 and 16.1 cm) shoot length (15.2, 30.3 and 43.2 cm) number of leaves (11, 18 and 49) number of nodules (12, 20 and 9) fresh weight (4.83, 8.98 and 15.47 g) and dry weight (1.11, 3.56 and 4.37 g) when compared with the other treatments and control. The yield parameters also showed significant results in number of pods (27), length of the pod (5.7 cm), number of seeds/pod (6), weight of the seeds/pod (2.89 g), fresh weight of the pod (1.653 g) and dry weight of the pod (0.986 g).

COVID-19 in India: Breakthrough Infections in Delta Wave

The breakthrough infections (BTI) during the Delta wave in the general population have been investigated. The BTI reported in the city of Gurugram (Haryana, India) in the month of August, September, and October 2021 were studied. The monthly BTI in August, September, and October 2021 were 26%, 41%, and 76%, which caused an increase in the monthly caseload to 167, 150, and 206 cases, respectively. Mostly, the patients who had comorbidities developed BTI. However, the BTI reported in the Delta wave did not cause a surge in new cases. The surge was noticed only after the emergence of the Omicron variant of the SARS- CoV-2 virus. In Gurugram, 78.3% sero prevalence recorded in September 2021 was due to vaccination and higher infection rate of 59,921 monthly cases reported in April 2021.

Sustainability training at Spanish public faculties of education: a virtual ethnography

Various institutional statements and official documents refer to the Sustainable Development Goals and sustainability training. This should imply a university education in these values, considering that those who are going to train the new generations, in the Spanish State, must pass through the faculties of education. Through an investigation developed thanks to the methodology and design of virtual ethnography, the web pages of all the Spanish public faculties of education were analyzed, managing to find few training options during the initial period of the 2020/2021 academic year, specifically during the months of September and October, in a reality that reflects deficiencies that should be corrected immediately. Education for sustainability cannot be a priority in the 2030 Agenda and yet, in future education professionals, remain in a declaration of intentions, or something that implies little more than some isolated training course, and the results of the research show that the object of study barely manages to be found in the training offered. In the same way, being able to find training for education in sustainability should not involve an arduous research within the official websites, since this would not reflect a priority approach on the part of the institutions.

Malarial Epidemiology among Patients in Al-Medina Al-Munawara, KSA

Worldwide, malaria is the most important disease caused by parasites and responsible for a yearly estimation of 225 million clinical cases. The risk of the disease covers almost half of the world’s population and the annual death has been estimated as 800.000. Children under five years of age are mainly affected. Pregnant women and adults with immunosuppression become victims of cerebral manifestations or anaemia and frequently die. Almost 40% of the world's population is at risk to acquire the infection. Human malaria is caused by four Plasmodium species among which the most prevalent is Plasmodium falciparum. Because of the higher global prevalence, morbidity and mortality rate of P. falciparum, most research efforts on malaria pathogenesis have been focused on this species. Recent studies have reported the clinical outcomes that originate from regions where P. falciparum and P. vivax are equally prevalent. This in turn could make the clinical tools inappropriate for use in managing vivax mono infections. Thus, the present study was aimed to identify the epidemiology and clinical features of the malarial cases of the Referral laboratory, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A retrospective case series study was conducted among the patients reported from January 2016 to December 2016 using a specially designed data collection form. Out of the 182 confirmed cases, 143 were non-saudi and 39 were Saudi cases. Most of the cases reported in the month of September due to seasonal change. Gender distribution showed a higher dominance of male patients compared to females. No cases were reported to be caused due to P.malariae. The predominant species was found to be P.Vivax (87%) while P.falciparum with only 13% incidence. Further investigations in large sample sizes are recommended to explore the other aspects in reducing the malaria burden.

Analisis Struktur Analytical Exposition Text dalam Tajuk Rencana Surat Kabar Harian Analisa

This study aims to describe the analysis of the analytical exposition text structure in the editorial of a daily newspaper analysis.This study used descriptive qualitative method. The source of the data is daily editorial analysis for the months of July, August, and September 2021. The data collection technique in this study is a literature study by collecting literature sources. The data analysis technique used in this study is data that has been collected by researchers from data sources. In the data analysis, the researcher uses data analysis with data reduction methods (data reduction), data presentation (data display) and conclusions (verification) in Sugiyono (2017:247-252). Data reduction method (data reduction) is a form of analysis that sharpens, categorizes, directs, discards unnecessary, and organizes data in such a way that the final conclusions can be examined and verified. Phase of presenting data (data display) is an activity of making research results that have been carried out so that the data collected can be understood and analyzed in accordance with the desired goals. The conclusion (verification) is the idea reached at the end or the result of the conversation.Thus, the analytical exposition text structure in the daily newspaper editorial analysis proves that the editorial can be analyzed based on structure and language so that the editorial reader can understand more deeply about the problems that occur.

The distribution, ecology and predicted habitat use of the Critically Endangered angelshark (Squatina squatina) in coastal waters of Wales and the central Irish Sea.

The angelshark (Squatina squatina) has the northernmost range of any angel shark species, but there is limited information on its distribution, habitat use and ecology at higher latitudes. To address this, Angel Shark Project: Wales gathered 2231 S. squatina records and 142 anecdotal resources from fishers, coastal communities and archives. These spanned the coastal waters of Wales and the central Irish Sea and were dated from 1812 to 2020, with 97.62% of records within 11.1 km (6 nm) of the coast. Commercial, recreational and charter boat fishers provided the majority of S. squatina records (97.18%), with significantly more sightings from three decades (1970s, 1980s and 1990s) and in the months of September, June, August and July (in descending order). The coastal area between Bardsey Island and Strumble Head had the most S. squatina records (n = 1279), with notable concentrations also found in Carmarthen Bay, Conwy Bay and the Outer Severn Estuary. Species distribution models (SDM) identified four environmental variables that had significant influence on S. squatina distribution, depth, chlorophyll‐a concentration, sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity, and these varied between the quarters (Q) of the year. SDM model outputs predicted a larger congruous area of suitable habitat in Q3 (3176 km2) compared to Q2 (2051 km2), with suitability along the three glacial moraines (Sarn Badrig, Sarn‐y‐Bwch and Sarn Cynfelyn) strongly presented. Comparison of modelled environmental variables at the location of S. squatina records for each Q identified reductions in depth and salinity, and increases in chlorophyll‐a and SST when comparing Q2 or Q3 with Q1 or Q4. This shift may suggest S. squatina are making seasonal movements to shallow coastal waters in Q2 and Q3. This is supported by 23 anecdotal resources and may be driven by reproductive behaviour, as there were 85 records of S. squatina individuals ≤60 cm in the dataset, inferred as recently born or juvenile life‐history stages. The results have helped fill significant evidence gaps identified in the Wales Angelshark Action Plan and immediate next research steps are suggested.

“That Wild Month of September”: Addressing Equity and Governance in a School Board Crisis

This case focuses on the Board of Trustees of a large urban school district in Texas, as they worked to decide when learners would have the option to return to in-person learning even as the COVID-19 pandemic continued to affect the community, particularly communities of color. This decision-making process included two back-to-back school board meetings with 6 hr of public comment that suggested a divided community. The case raises questions of racial equity, quality educational opportunities for students, governance, and decision making during a time of crisis. Through a deep dive into a crucial moment, this case highlights the challenging nature of governance during a crisis.