Months Of Orthodontic Treatment Research Articles

Influence of orthodontic treatment on the state of dental hard tissues, prevention of complications

SummaryOrthodontic treatment of dentoalveolar anomalies is car-ried out using fixed and removable appliances, which af-fects the homeostasis of the oral cavity and increases the risk of developing carious lesions of the enamel. Purpose of the study: comparative assessment of the level of oral hygiene and the prevalence of enamel carious lesions at the stage of orthodontic treatment using removable and non-removable appliances. Materials and methods:90 patients aged 18 to 35 years were examined: 45 patients of the 1st group, who were treated with aligners, and 45 patientsof the second group, who were treated with a bracket system. In all patients, the level of oral hygiene was determined by the OHI-S (Green-Vermillion) index, as well as the level of CPU before and after 12 months of orthodontic treatment. Results: before the start of orth-odontic treatment, the OHI-S index in patients of the first and second groups was 0.86±0.67 and 0.89±0.74 points, respectively. After 12 months, there was a deterioration in the parameters of oral hygiene to a greater extent in patients of the second group who were treated with a fixed technique: the OHI-S index was 1.98±0.79 points. The value of the CPU index before the start of orthodontic treatment in patients of the first and second groups was 7.1±1.32 and 6.9±1.46, respectively. After 12 months of orthodontic treatment, there was an increase in the CPU index in the studied persons of the second group, who were treated with a bracket system: the CPU index was 13.6±1.78. In patients of the first group, the CPU indica-tor practically did not change and amounted to 7.9±1.25. Conclusion: with high caries susceptibility and the pre-sence of non-carious enamel lesions, orthodontic treat-ment with removable appliances should be preferred in order to avoid the development of complications.

Correction of Bimaxillary Protrusion with Four First Premolar Extractions and T-Loop Mechanics – A Case Report

Bimaxillary protrusion is a condition characterized by proclined upper and lower incisors with an increased prominence of the lips. This is a case of a 18-year-old with bimaxillary protrusion, mild crowding on the maxilla and mandible, and mandibular dental midline shift to the left by 1 mm. The four first premolars were extracted using a pre-adjusted bracket. This bracket had in-built prescriptions of torque, tip, and in-out for orthodontic cases. There were three pre-adjusted orthodontic bracket systems: Andrews, Roth, and MBT. T-loop was also used to achieve controlled space closure. After 26 months of orthodontic treatment, the patient’s profile was straighter and a pleasant smile was achieved at the end of treatment.

Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Stabilised Periodontal Patients Undergoing Early Stage of Orthodontic Treatment

Orthodontic treatment may affect the equilibrium of oral microbiota which plays a major role in aetiology of periodontal disease. This prospective clinical study aimed to assess the periodontal health and microbiological profile of healthy (Group 1) and stabilised periodontal (Group 2) patients throughout three months of orthodontic treatment. Upper and lower fixed orthodontic appliances were bonded. Periodontal health was assessed using plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD). 29 sites were taken for subgingival plaque sampling. Plaque samples were inoculated on Trypticase Soy Blood Agar (TSBA) and Trypticase Soy Bacitracin Vancomycin (TSBV) agar for assessment of aerobe, anaerobe, black pigmented bacteria (BPB) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. All the measurements were taken before bonding (T0), 1 week (T1), 1 month (T2) and 3 months post-bonding (T3). Generally, periodontal health in both groups were almost similar. After 1 week, the number of aerobes was significantly higher in Group 1 (88%) while the anaerobes were significantly higher in Group 2 (45%). A. actinomycetemcomitans was higher in Group 1 at T0 and T1 but was significantly higher in Group 2 at T3. BPB was minimal at all time with no significant difference. Thus, during the first 3-month of orthodontic treatment, there were significant changes in the number of aerobes-anaerobes in both healthy and stabilised periodontal patients. Pathogenic bacteria would increase during early treatment of orthodontics.

Frequency of awake bruxism behaviour in orthodontic patients: Randomised clinical trial: Awake bruxism behaviour in orthodontic patients.

The influence of aligners on the activity of the masticatory muscles is still controversial, especially regarding the behaviour associated with awake bruxism (AB). To compare the frequency of AB behaviours between patients treated with aligners and fixed appliances. The sample comprised 38 Class I patients (mean age 22.08years), divided by simple randomisation into two groups: OA group; orthodontic aligners (n 19) and FA group; fixed appliance (n 19). The frequency of AB was investigated by the ecological momentary assessment using an online device (mentimeter), during 7 following days at different timepoints, before and after appliance placement and in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th months of orthodontic treatment. These variables were also evaluated: level of anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, stress by the Perceived Stress Scale, catastrophising related to pain and degree of hypervigilance by the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire, and the presence of facial pain evaluated by the DC/TMD. There was no difference between groups in the frequency of AB behaviours, with mean of 53.5% for group OA and 51.3% for FA. The most frequent behaviour was slightly touching the teeth, and in FA group, there was a significant reduction in this behaviour soon after appliance placement. The groups did not differ concerning the degree of anxiety, stress, catastrophising, hypervigilance and facial pain. The orthodontic treatment performed with aligners or fixed appliances did not influence the frequency of AB during the 6months of treatment. REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS: (REBEC): RBR-9zytwf.

Pre and post orthodontic treatment changes in the sagittal and vertical skeletal dimension following all four first premolar extractions.

Objectives: To determine mean change in sagittal and vertical skeletal dimension in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with all four first premolar extractions. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study design. Setting: Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Period: Six months from 18th August 2015 to 18th February 2016. Material & Methods: 50 cases treated with all first premolar extractions were included in this study. The analysis was done on pretreatment cephalogram taken at time of enrolment and post treatment lateral cephalogram taken after 12 months of orthodontic treatment and then their measurements were compared to find out changes in the sagittal and vertical dimension. Results: Pre and post mean SNA, SNB, ANB and Pog-Nperp was not significant while mean A-Nperp was significantly changed after 12 month treatment (p=0.002). Regarding angular measurement, pre and post mean SNMP, FHMP, MMA, Go-OP, SN-OP, Y axis was not significant while mean SN-PP, UI_SN, IMPA was significantly reduced after 12 month treatment. Similarly vertical measurement, pre and post mean LAFH, PFH was not significant while mean UAFH and, TAFH was significantly reduced after 12 months of treatment. Conclusion: Sagittal and vertical skeletal dimension showed no significant change in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with all four first premolar extractions. Some degree of extrusion was noted in all orthodontic patients who have undergone all four first premolar extractions.

Salivary microbial changes during the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment.

BackgroundOrthodontic treatment is widely used to treat malocclusion. However, the influence of treatment on the oral microbiome remains unclear. In this study, we investigated salivary microbial changes in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.MethodsIn total, 19 orthodontic patients participated in this study. Saliva samples were collected at the following three timepoints: before (T0) and 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) after the placement of orthodontic appliances. High-throughput sequencing was performed based on the 16S rRNA gene V4 region.ResultsThe phyla of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were predominant. Observed Species, Chao1 and ACE, which represent α diversity, were significantly decreased at T1 and subsequently increased at T2. In addition, the β diversity at T1 based on the Bray-Curtis distances differed from T0 and T2. The relative abundances of Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus were decreased with treatment, whereas those of Capnocytophaga and Neisseria exhibited the opposite results. In total, 385 of 410 operational taxonomic units were shared at T0, T1 and T2. The co-occurrence networks with hub nodes at T1 were the most complex.ConclusionOrthodontic treatment temporarily affected the saliva microbial community. This dynamic alteration in species did not induce deterioration in oral health. Oral hygiene instructions were necessary and should be emphasized during each visit. Further studies with longer observation periods and more participants are required.

Orthodontic treatment of an adult patient with aggressive periodontitis – A case report

A 26-year-old man with an aggressive periodontitis sought for orthodontic treatment to improve the appearance of his smile. He presented with generalised anterior spacing, missing lowerleft central incisor and deep traumatic bite. He was treated successfully with a combination of orthodontic and periodontal treatment. After 18 months of orthodontic treatment and follow upby the periodontist, his alignment of teeth was improved, a stable occlusion was achieved, and occlusal trauma was prevented. As a result, the patient’s smile appearance and selfconfidence were improved. Orthodontic tooth movement is not only to correct the alignment of his teeth but also to improve the bone level especially at the anterior region. This case report shows the successful treatment outcome in aggressive periodontitis patient which requires good collaboration between the orthodontist and the periodontist.

Changes in clinical and microbiological parameters of the periodontium during initial stages of orthodontic movement in patients with treated severe periodontitis: A longitudinal site-level analysis.

Applying orthodontic braces makes oral hygiene difficult and increases plaque accumulation, frequently resulting in gingival inflammation. In patients with previous severe periodontitis, this inflammation overlaps with the pre-existing inflammatory challenge and can lead to further progression of periodontal attachment loss. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal site-level changes as mirrored by clinical and microbiological parameters during the initial remodeling of alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament, produced as an effect of light orthodontic forces in adult patients with severe periodontal disease that underwent standard (non-surgical and conventional surgical) periodontal therapy. Thirteen patients with previously treated severe generalized periodontitis were given fixed orthodontic appliances for re-alignment of teeth misaligned or displaced during the course of periodontitis. Before insertion of orthodontic appliances and at 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, periodontal clinical parameters were recorded in the same deepest residual pocket of at least 3 mm in each patient. The same pocket was sampled at baseline and after 6 months of orthodontic treatment for the frequency of positive detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tanerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td). An average reduction in Pocket Depth by 0.2 mm at the end of the assessment period was identified. The only clinical parameter with statistically significant improvement was bleeding on probing. The frequency of detection of Aa, Pg, Pi, and Tf was not significantly different between baseline and 6 months of treatment, while a marginally significant increase of Td was found. There were no significant differences in the clinical parameters or microflora in the initial phase of orthodontic treatment in patients with reduced periodontal support. By correlating clinical and microbiological data, we concluded that the presence of periopathogens do not negatively influence periodontal health during orthodontic treatment in adult patients treated for severe periodontitis.

Evaluation of IL-1β and TNF-α expression and periodontitis under the influence of orthodontic appliances with minocycline

The current experiment was carried out to observe and analyze the effects of three orthodontic appliances combined with minocycline on periodontitis and inflammatory factors of gingival crevicular fluid. the patients included in this study were 180 patients with dental crowding treated in our hospital. They were divided into three groups, namely the invisible orthodontic appliance group (n=60), self-ligation orthodontic appliance group (n=60), traditional ligation bracket group (n=60), all of which were applied with minocycline therapy. The therapeutic effects of the three groups were observed. after three months of treatment, the periodontal index of each group showed an upward trend (p<0.05). At six months to one year, the periodontal index of the self-ligation orthodontic appliance group and conventional ligation bracket group was higher than that of the invisible orthodontic appliance group, p<0.05. After treatment, the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α increased for the three groups, p<0.05; the self-ligation orthodontic appliance group and the traditional ligation bracket group were the same as the invisible orthodontic appliance group in at 24 months, p>0.05. in the early stage of orthodontic treatment, the invisible orthodontic appliance can keep the oral cavity in a clean and hygienic state. However, after 18 months of orthodontic treatment, all three orthodontic treatments did not have a significant impact on oral hygiene.

Failure rates among metal brackets cured with two high-intensity LED light-curing lamps: an in vivo study.

The objective of this split-mouth clinical trial was to compare bonding failure rates of metal brackets bonded with two different light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing lamps with different high-intensity power outputs. Forty patients were included for a total of 800 brackets that were randomly bonded (left and right sides in a 1:1 ratio) in maxillary and mandibular arches using two different LED devices. An LED of 3200 mW/cm2 and an LED of 5000 mW/cm2 were used in this split-mouth clinical trial. Bonding failures during the initial 6 months of orthodontic treatment were recorded as maxillary versus mandibular, anterior teeth versus posterior teeth, and left side versus right side. Five dropouts were recorded for discontinuing orthodontic treatment and 700 brackets were analysed in total. The bonding failure rates for 3200 and 5000 mW/cm2 LEDs were 6.0 and 7.4 per cent, respectively (P = 0.450), which were not statistically significantly different. There were no significant differences in bracket survival rates between the LEDs used (P = 0.866). The posterior teeth presented a higher index of bond failures (odds ratio, 3.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-5.87; P < 0.001). Direct comparison was only done between two high-intensity LED lights rather than against conventionally used halogen lights. Similar bonding failures were recorded using both LED devices (3200 and 5000 mW/cm2). Significantly more bonding failures occurred in premolar teeth than in anterior teeth.

Prevalence of Oral Microbial Flora during Orthodontic Space Closure: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances especially during the retraction stage makes it challenging to maintain the oral hygiene. Attachments used, such as elastic chains, loops and springs, result in changes in the oral environment due to the accumulation of plaque and increase in the levels of bacterial count mainly Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli species. Aim: To determine the prevalence of oral microbial flora during orthodontic space closure. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional pilot study conducted during the month of December 2019 which consisted of eight patients who were randomly selected among the age group of 18-25 years. Mean and SD of age in Males (4) and Females (4) were 22±2.16 years and 22.25±1.70 years, respectively and had reported to the Department of Orthodontics of a private dental college, Saveetha Dental College. In each patient, after 6-8 months of orthodontic treatment, plaque samples were collected only once around the orthodontic brackets at the cervical aspect of the maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary premolar, mandibular canine, mandibular premolar in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quadrant respectively, by the method of cotton swabbing for the evaluation of micro flora. Independent paired t-test and One-way ANOVA with Post-hoc Tukey HSD test were done to estimate the prevalence of microorganisms at different sites. Results: Independent paired t-test showed highly significant differences in the levels of Streptococcus mutans when compared to Lactobacillus (p&lt;0.001) with mean values of 4.8±2.5 and 23.1±9.2 for Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, respectively. One-way ANOVA with Post-hoc Turkey HSD analysis showed significant difference at the region of maxillary lateral incisor compared to other sites whereas Lactobacillishowed no significant differences between the various sites tested (p-value&lt;0.001). Kappa statistics was performed which revealed an inter examiner reliability of 0.91. Conclusion: During orthodontic space closure, bacterial count of Streptococcus mutans showed a statistically significant difference between different sites (maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular canines, maxillary and mandibular premolars) with highest being the maxillary incisor region followed by that of mandibular canines. However, the incidence of Lactobacillusacidophilus did not show any difference between the various sites evaluated.

Estimation and correlation of salivary calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, pH, white spot lesions, and oral hygiene status among orthodontic patients.

Introduction:The initial carious lesions are the so-called “white spot” lesions (WSLs), which implies that there is a subsurface area with most of the mineral loss beneath a relatively intact enamel surface. It is common in patients who are taking orthodontic treatment. Salivary reservoir of calcium and phosphorous counteracts the demineralization and encourages re-mineralization providing protection against caries challenge. This study was aimed to estimate and correlate the oral hygiene status, WSLs and salivary calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and pH in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy.Materials and Methods:All clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded in 27 patients before starting orthodontic treatment and at 6 months of orthodontic treatment. The salivary calcium, phosphorous, ALP, and pH were determined by Arsenazo III method, Molybdate – UV and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry method, respectively. International caries detection and assessment system index for WSL, orthodontic plaque index, bleeding on probing, and gingival index were recorded. Shapiro–Wilk's test and Wilcoxon test were applied to the data collected for statistical analysis.Results:There was a statistically significant increase with ALP levels, orthodontic plaque index score, gingival index score, and bleeding on probing index score. A statistically significant reduction was seen with respect to levels of calcium and pH.Conclusion:Maxillary canines and lateral incisors were the most affected teeth with WSLs (78.84%). There is a need for more stringent prevention programs and oral hygiene practices prior to initiation of orthodontic treatment and also during orthodontic treatment.

Oral health and well-being of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment: perspective of the adolescents and their parents/caregivers

Aim: To evaluate the oral health and well-being of adolescents with malocclusion who were submitted to orthodontic treatment, assessing the perspective of parents/caregivers and adolescents and to investigate the effects of orthodontic treatment among adolescents on the perception of oral health and well-being, in relation to the opinion of parents/caregivers and adolescents. Methods: Adolescents between 11 and 12 years submitted to orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances at the Federal University of Minas Gerais and their parents/caregivers participated. Adolescents and their parents/caregivers answered questions about the health of adolescents’ teeth, lips, jaws and mouth and about how the condition of adolescents’ teeth, lips, jaws or mouth affects adolescents overall life or well-being before orthodontic treatment onset and 12 months after fixed appliances’ placement. Results: Parents had a significantly more negative perception of the impact of malocclusion on adolescents’ lives or well-being (p&lt;0.001). Adolescents reported that their oral health improved after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p&lt;0.001). Adolescents also reported that their lives or well-being was significantly less affected after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p=0.026). Parents/caregivers reported that their adolescents’ oral health improved after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p&lt;0.001). Parents/caregivers also reported that their adolescents’ lives or well-being was significantly less affected after 12 months of orthodontic treatment (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Parents/caregivers have a more negative perception regarding the impact of malocclusion on the life and well-being of an adolescent. After 12 months of orthodontic treatment onset, parents/caregivers and adolescents considered that adolescents’ overall health and well-being had improved.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: adolescent, malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, oral health, well-being.

Psychosocial dental impact in adult orthodontic patients: what about health competence?

BackgroundSeveral studies have assessed the psychological benefits of orthodontic treatment; however, the impact of competence on psychological benefits remains unknown.Aims: To analyze the change of the perception of psychosocial dental impact in a sample of adults undergoing orthodontic treatment (mild/moderate dental malocclusions) and to assess the possible moderating effect of health competence level.MethodsA longitudinal prospective design was used. Three time points were included: baseline (T0), 6 months after starting orthodontic treatment (T1) and once treatment had finished (T2). The pretreatment sample consisted of 78 patients recruited from the Rey Juan Carlos University Dental Clinic, all of whom had moderate malocclusions and were going to undergo orthodontic treatment for approximately 18 months with fixed metal multibrackets. All participants were instructed to complete the Spanish version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC) on the three points of the research. Statistical analysis involved the General Linear Model (GLM) repeated-measures ANOVA to test if the outcome measures of psychosocial dental impact significantly changed over time during orthodontic treatment (baseline, at 6-month evaluation and posttreatment). To assess the effect of the previous health competence levels (high/low) in the change from baseline to the 6-month assessment, for each PIDAQ dimension, a 2*2 (time*group) repeated measures ANOVA was performed.ResultsA significant increase was observed in dental self-confidence values (T0-T1 and T0-T2). Similar results were observed for the psychological impact variables and for the IOTN-AC scores, which showed significant decreases between T0 and T1 and between T0 and T2. Finally, significantly decreases were observed between T0 and T2 in aesthetic concern. Interaction effects were found regarding the health competence variable from T0-T1 for the psychological impact, social impact and aesthetic concern and the IOTN-AC index, with significant development results regarding the high competence group.ConclusionsThe first 6 months of orthodontic treatment seemed to be key to the development of psychosocial dental impact perception, during which the role of health competence was of great importance to developing a positive change. It is necessary to follow a biopsychosocial approach towards orthodontic treatment.

Impact of the onset of fixed appliance therapy on adolescents' quality of life using a specific condition questionnaire: A cross-sectional comparison between male and female individuals.

To evaluate the impact of the first six months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents, comparing boys and girls, using a specific condition questionnaire. Cross-sectional. School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Adolescents aged 10-17 years. Forty-six adolescents participated in this study. Adolescents' OHRQoL was evaluated using the Brazilian version of the questionnaire Impact of Fixed Appliances Measure. This questionnaire comprises 43 questions distributed across nine domains: aesthetics; functional limitation; dietary impact; oral hygiene impact; maintenance impact; physical impact; social impact; time constraints; and travel/cost/inconvenience implications. The answer options follow the Likert scale, in the range of 1-5. A higher score indicates a more negative impact on the OHRQoL. Adolescents' malocclusion was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Information on family income, adolescents' age and tooth extraction was also collected. A directed acyclic graph was used to identify potential confounders. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test, the Student's t test and the analysis of covariance. The minimal clinically important difference was also calculated. Of the 46 participants, 25 were girls and 21 were boys. The female adolescents presented a more negative impact from the orthodontic treatment on the quality of life when compared to the male adolescents (P < 0.001), regardless of the influence of the confounding variables. The most negative repercussions were identified in the domains of oral hygiene (P = 0.002), physical impact (P < 0.001) and social impact (P < 0.001). The impact of the first six months of orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL is more negative in female individuals than in male individuals. The results of this study may be useful for the oral healthcare provider during the counselling of adolescents undergoing fixed appliance therapy.

Modifications in Class I and Class II Div. 1 malocclusion during orthodontic treatment and their association with TMD problems

ABSTRACT Objective: To observe changes in tooth movements of patients with Class I and Class II malocclusion during the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment and to investigate the relation between TMJ problems and these changes. Methods: The sample was comprised of 63 individuals (20 control, 25 Class I malocclusion, 18 Class II Div. 1 malocclusion). Occlusion analysis was performed through T-Scan® record and chewing pattern examination before and after the 6-month period. The existence of TMD was evaluated using joint vibration analysis (JVA). Patients with malocclusion had active fixed orthodontic treatment. Results: Disclusion time reduced in the patients group during the treatment period. No association was observed between the first 6-month period of the orthodontic treatment and TMD. Discussion: It is suggested that occlusion analyses should be done before any orthodontic treatment, and disclusion time should be minimized as much as possible.

Evaluation of Changes in Cariogenic Bacteria in a Young Moroccan Population with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances.

Fixed orthodontic appliances hinder the maintenance of proper oral hygiene and result in dental plaque accumulation. Many studies report that qualitative changes in the dental flora occur after initiating the orthodontic treatment, but there is a paucity of literature on the same topic among Moroccan orthodontic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of the oral microbial flora during the orthodontic treatment period of a young Moroccan population. Materials and Methods. Dental plaque samples of 18 patients, who were randomly selected before the placement of orthodontic appliances, were collected to isolate and identify the bacterial species involved using classical bacteriological methods for species' culture and identification. The reading was recorded at T0 before placement of the device. New samples were taken again one month later and then three months afterwards, where the readings were recorded as T1 and T2, respectively. The culture was made via Columbia Agar with 5% sheep blood, Todd Hewitt Broth, and Schaedler medium containing vitamin K3. Bacterial species were identified using API-20 Strep for Streptococci and API-20 A for anaerobic bacteria. The phoenix system was used for identification. Results. After three months of orthodontic treatment, the increase in the frequency of Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mitis were significant (0.01 and 0.02, respectively) as well as for Lactobacillus (0.03). No significant difference was recorded for other bacterial species. Conclusion. There is a significant qualitative change in oral microorganisms after three months of orthodontic treatment, especially for bacteria that are incriminated in caries formation.

External apical root resorption diagnosis by using FII human dentine fraction and salivary IGg

External apical root resorption as a consequence of orthodontic treatment is an inflammatory pathological process that results in permanent loss of tooth structure from the root apex. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of human dentine fractions and salivary IgG in external apical root resorption. Saliva samples were collected from 10 patients before (T0) and after 3 (T3), 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) months of orthodontic treatment. The total dentinal extract, obtained from human third molars, was fractioned by gel filtration chromatography in three fractions denominated FI, FII and FIII. The root resorption analysis of the upper central incisors was performed by digital image subtraction method. Reactivity of salivary IgG to antigenic fractions of dentine was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). Regardless of treatment, FI dentin fraction with high MM (<300kDa) was the one that presented highest reactivity with salivary IgG. However, it was found higher salivary IgG reactivity for FII (69 to 45 kilodalton [kDa]) as compared to FIII (<45kDa) at (T6) and (T12), (P<0.05), the same periods in that the root resorptions were detected. Our results suggest that FII human dentine fraction and salivary IgG have potential to be used in diagnosis and monitoring of external apical root resorption. The development of a practical and accessible biochemical test using saliva and FII dentine fraction may help in the prevention of severe root resorption.

Perceptions of pain levels and chewing impairment among adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

Aim: The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the perceptions of adolescents regarding pain levels and chewing impairment throughout the first 12 months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Methods: A total of 120 adolescents aged 11 and 12 years undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais participated in this study. Malocclusion was evaluated by means of the Dental Aesthetic Index. Pain level and degree of chewing impairment were evaluated by means of two questions selected from the short form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14). Each question had five response options with the following scoring system: never (0), once or twice (1), sometimes (2), often (3) and every day/almost every day (4). Both questions were answered by the adolescents at four different times: before fixed appliances’ placement (T1), one month after banding and fixed appliances’ bonding (T2), four months after banding and fixed appliances’ bonding (T3), and 12 months after banding and fixed appliances’ bonding (T4). Results: The mean age of adolescents was 11.39 (±0.68). Significant differences were observed for pain levels (p=0.038) and chewing impairment (p=0.020) over the study period. Pain levels at T1 were significantly lower than at T2 (p=0.038) and T4 (p=0.020). Chewing impairment at T1 was significant lower than at T2 (p&lt;0.001), T3 (p=0.014) and T4 (p=0.005). Conclusion: Adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances present an increase in pain levels and in chewing impairment.

Interdisciplinary Therapeutic Approaches Based on the Relatioship Between Dental Pain Perception and NiTi Archwires Types, Evaluated in the First Months of Orthodontic Treatment

Pain is one of the most common reasons for patients scheduling or avoiding appointments in the dental office. This symptomatology which is commonly associated with fixed orthodontic treatment, may have a negative impact on the quality of life of the patient and may cause absences from periodic appointments. Interdisciplinary orthodontic treatment has a clear positive effect on psychological, functional, social health but also involves pain and discomfort, at least in the early stages or until the adaptability of the body occurs. The use of NiTi archwires during the first stages of treatment provides the development of physiological forces, but depending on each patient pain threshold, dental pain is perceived.