to assess the influence of the fatty acid composition of liquid diets on the development of arteriosclerotic lesions, groups of infant monkeys were fed monkey milk, human milk, or one of two prepared formulas, one of which contained bovine butterfat and the other, mixed fat with a 1:1 ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids. In addition, some monkeys were transferred to Purina Monkey Chow or to a high saturated fat diet after 8–12 months of alimentation with the liquid diets. No gross vascular lesions were observed. Microscopically, the lesions were essentially similar in all groups and were chiefly characterized by fibrous intimal hyperplasia without any of the features of atherosclerosis. Monkeys fed human milk exhibited the highest incidence of vascular lesions, but this is probably a coincidental finding and seems unrelated to the fatcalorie intake. The frequency and severity of arterial lesions could not be correlated with the height of the mean blood cholesterol level, nor with the level of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the diet or in the blood of various groups of monkeys.
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