The article presents the specific features of the agricultural lands monitoring system in Arkhangelsk, aimed to create a database on up-to-date conditions of agricultural soil cover. Data is presented on the regional soil status and the scale of lands withdrawn from agricultural use. Among the area’s plough lands, plots with neutral soils with higher content of organic matter, phosphorus, and potassium prevail. Plough lands are considered ecologically clean. Further, the arctic presents the results of the time-ordered monitoring of abandoned lands (over 60 test plots) in the most fertile floodplain soils (Primorsky Municipality) and azonal carbonate soils (Kargopol Municipality). The study has found that cost-effective rehabilitation of the abandoned lands is possible provided that their abandonment does not exceed 40 years.