Information Flow Monitoring Research Articles

Environmental Sustainability Study of Urban Waterfront Landscapes Based on the LCA–Emergy–Carbon Footprint and Artificial Neural Network Method

The ecological landscape design of urban rivers plays a crucial role in mitigating the urban heat island effect and preserving urban ecology. This study focuses on the construction process data of key landscape nodes along Nanjing’s urban rivers. By employing a whole life cycle emergy approach and carbon emission method, the sustainable changes in the landscape system are quantitatively assessed. Furthermore, artificial neural networks have been used to conduct long-term sustainability analysis and predictions for the landscape system. The research findings reveal that over time, the maintenance investment in landscape projects gradually becomes dominant, increasing from 2% in the first year to approximately 75% after 30 years. This phenomenon signifies a decline in the efficiency of the landscape system. Sustaining the ecological balance of the landscape system necessitates continuous inputs of material flow, energy flow, and information flow. The major contributors to carbon emissions in the landscape engineering system are diesel fuel, cement, and steel. This highlights opportunities for sustainable improvement from a low-carbon perspective. To enhance the ecological sustainability of urban waterfront landscapes, three measures are proposed: sponge city construction concepts, coupled sewage treatment systems, and information flow monitoring systems. The effectiveness of these measures was preliminarily validated.

NUMERICAL METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE LOCATIONS OF SAFETY SYSTEM REPEATERS ON TERRAIN WITH OBSTACLES

When deploying temporary technical security systems in the interests of ensuring public safety during mass events, quick-deployable sensors for detecting dangerous events are widely used: to monitor traffic flows and visitors, to detect fires, fights, aggressive behavior, dangerous abandoned objects and unmanned aerial vehicles. A number of important limitations, including geometric dimensions of the detector and repeater installation areas, the capacity of data transmission channels, the presence of restricted areas and the high speed of data transmission from modern sensors of dangerous events, show the need for rational location of repeaters. An iterative algorithm used to estimate placement locations provides an opportunity to find repeater installation points in order to ensure the transmission of high-speed monitoring information flows.

Multi-Clue Reconstruction of Sharing Chains for Social Media Images

The amount of multimedia content shared everyday, combined with the level of realism reached by recent fake-generating technologies, threatens to impair the trustworthiness of online information sources. The process of uploading and sharing data tends to hinder standard media forensic analyses, since multiple re-sharing steps progressively hide the traces of past manipulations. At the same time though, new traces are introduced by the platforms themselves, enabling the reconstruction of the sharing history of digital objects, with possible applications in information flow monitoring and source identification. In this work, we propose a supervised framework for the reconstruction of image sharing chains on social media platforms. The system is structured as a cascade of backtracking blocks, each of them tracing back one step of the sharing chain at a time. Blocks are designed as ensembles of classifiers trained to analyse the input image independently from one another by leveraging different feature representations that describe both content and container of the media object. Individual decisions are then properly combined by a late fusion strategy. Results highlight the advantages of employing multiple clues, which allow accurately tracing back up to three steps along the sharing chain.

Big data, information asymmetry, and food supply chain management for resilience

The Biden Administration is reviewing supply chains as part of its response to recent supply chain failures during COVID-19, and anticipated disrup­tions associated with climate change. This policy analysis discusses supply chain management, that is, the monitoring and continual improvement of materials flow and information flow to better manage risk. We are in an era of proprietary big data and digitized applications to make sense of it. Healthy food systems require policy to address unequal access to food systems data and informa­tion that occurs between businesses as well as between private businesses and government. Managing risk to a nation’s overall food system is an important government function that includes setting fair market rules and ensuring open infor­mation exchange in food supply chains. In this way, our government ensures equitable food and market access as new technologies and disruptions arise. This paper reviews these concepts consider­ing current policy actions of the Biden Administration.

INFORMATION SOCIETY AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

The review article analyzes the features of the information society as a new stage in the evolution of the social system based on trends in the increasing role of information and knowledge, socio-economic and spiritual, cultural reality with the dominance of information and communication technologies operating globally. The conclusion is made about the strategic role of informatization as a leading factor in the modernization of education and science. Mankind’s transition to a social system based on the production of knowledge is associated with a sharp increase in the importance and accessibility of education, which leads to qualitative changes in the social structure. It puts forward new requirements for the education system, changing the paradigm of pedagogical science, the content and mechanisms of education, the center of which is the individual. The informatization of the educational process makes it possible to make the training of young people as close as possible to the realities of life in a global information society. It will contribute to more efficient use of information, energy, and labor resources to improve the quality of training.
 However, psychological and pedagogical science has laid only the foundation so far, the conceptual and methodological basis for the study of information resources and processes occurring within the educational system, the development, and implementation of effective computer-oriented educational technologies. In our opinion, the development and application of a holistic scientific apparatus will make it possible to identify the essential characteristics of the informatization process, the conditions of its course, ways of optimization, as well as to develop the tools for information flow monitoring in education. Informatization should be considered as a process of creating a unified information educational space ensuring the availability and efficiency of use, integration, and unification of the resources of the information and educational environment for all the institutions of the education system.

Financial engineering of business processes and investment of industrial companies in the innovation system of megacity

Research background: The UN usually defines cities with more than 1 million inhabitants as megacities. As of 2019, over 55% of the world’s population lives in metropolitan areas. Nowadays, rapid population growth and urban growth have created many socio-economic problems, but also created enormous potential for opportunities. On the one hand, risks, depletion of urban resources, industrial isomorphism, environmental pollution and environmental damage, and, of course, we must not forget about the global virus that is adjusting urbanization processes. On the one hand, risks, depletion of urban resources, industrial isomorphism, environmental pollution and environmental damage. And, of course, we must not forget about the global virus that is making adjustments to the processes of urbanization. On the other hand, megalopolises reduce the costs of doing business, stimulate the process of the birth of new types of business, create new forms of organizations, and create jobs. Megacities are a generator of innovation. Purpose of the article: to develop proposals for the creation of a scientific center of a representative megacity for financial support of innovations and for monitoring information flows and risks. Methods: used in the research: financial engineering, mathematical modeling, robo-advising, crowdfunding, big data technologies. Finding & Value added: Based on the results of the research, a digital platform model and methodology for creating innovative financial products will be created. The model will allow administrative staff to monitor and shape the financial policy of the metropolis. Innovative financial products will be used on the investment platform and will help solve the problem of credit deficits for companies in the early stages of their life cycle.

Anti-vaccine movements - health care, ignorance or a diversion aimed at destabilizing the health situation? Part 2. Contemporary conditions for the functioning and development of anti-vaccination movements.

Vaccinations are a way accepted by science of the struggle against infectious diseases. Because of their epidemiological significance, vaccinations are considered compulsory in many countries and their evasion is penalized. The WHO experts list anti-vaccine attitudes and movements among the top 10 threats to human health. Most people's refusals are mainly due to fears of anti-vaccine propaganda. Understanding this phenomenon will be the basis for improving the epidemiological situation in Poland. The study is based on the analysis of data stored in scientific databases, as well as information obtained from Google, Bing and Yahoo and newspapers, magazines and opinion-forming websites. The anti-vaccine movements occur due different motivations, such as ignorance, fear and religious beliefs. Sometimes they can be supported by foreign services aimed at destabilization in selected areas of the globe. Increased activity and effective propaganda carried out by anti-vaccination movements is possible, among others, thanks to the development of the so-called 2nd generation of the Internet (Web2), enabling the free and difficult to control flow of information. Increasing data indicate that the activity of anti-vaccine movements may be a form of organized action (diversion in cyberspace) aimed at social, epidemiological, and economic destabilization of selected countries and regions. Among the various forms of combating anti-vaccination movements currently used are awareness-raising activities and restrictions on freedom on the Internet by monitoring information flow, blocking materials containing selected phrases or keywords associated with anti-vaccine propaganda, and sanctions imposed on people avoiding vaccination.

The Combinative Effect of Organizational and Technological Eco-innovations in R&D-intensive Companies

This study aims to investigate the influence of organizational and process eco-innovations on the introduction of product eco-innovations in R&D-intensive companies. We covered theory gaps by empirically demonstrating to what extent non-technological and technological eco-innovations are related. We used the Survey method to investigate a sample of Brazilian manufacturers from the electrical and electronics sectors, and we processed the data through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings of this study evidenced that non-technological eco-innovations are able to influence technological eco-innovations, both process and product, suggesting that the organizational eco-innovation strategy leads to sustainable technological path dependence in R&D-intensive companies. Additionally, findings demonstrated that the association between organizational and product eco-innovation is stronger whether mediated by process eco-innovation, so the result confirms an evolutionary perspective regarding the differentiated types of eco-innovation. We conclude that by investing in eco-innovative R&D projects, new environmental systems, teams' formation, information flow, and trends monitoring, the company creates a path dependence for technological eco-innovation of process and products.

Towards intelligent complex networks: the space and prediction of information walks

In this paper we study the problem of walk-specific information spread in directed complex social networks. Classical models usually analyze the “explosive” spread of information on social networks (e.g., Twitter) – a broadcast or epidemiological model focusing on the dynamics of a given source node “infecting” multiple targets. Less studied, but of equal importance is the case of single-track information flow, wherein the focus is on the node-by-node (and not necessarily a newly visited node) trajectory of information transfer. An important and motivating example is the sequence of physicians visited by a given patient over a presumed course of treatment or health event. This is the so-called a referral sequence which manifests as a path in a network of physicians. In this case the patient (and her health record) is a source of “information" from one physician to the next. With this motivation in mind we build a Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) model to predict the next node on a walk of a given network navigator using network science features. The problem is related to but different from the well-investigated link prediction problem. We present experiments on a dataset of several million nodes derived from several years of U.S. patient referral records, showing that the application of network science measures in the BPR framework boosts hit-rate and mean percentile rank for the task of next-node prediction. We then move beyond the simple information walk to consider the derived network space of all information walks within a period, in which a node represents an information walk and two information walks are connected if have nodes in common from the original (social) network. To evaluate the utility of such a network of information walks, we simulate outliers of information walks and distinguish them with the other normal information walks, using five distance metrics for the derived feature vectors between two information walks. The experimental results of such a proof-of-concept application shows the utility of the derived information walk network for the outlier monitoring of information flow on an intelligent network.

Machine Learning Methods for Detecting and Monitoring Extremist Information on the Internet

In this paper, we employ machine learning methods to solve the problem of countering terrorism and extremism by using information from the Internet. This problem involves retrieving electronic messages, documents, and web resources that potentially contain information of terrorist or extremist nature, identifying the structure of user groups and online communities that disseminate this information, monitoring and modeling information flows in these communities, as well as assessing threats and predicting risks based on monitoring results. We propose some original language-independent algorithms for pattern-based information retrieval, thematic modeling, and prediction of message flow characteristics, as well as assessment and prediction of potential risk coming from members of online communities by using data on the structure of relations in these communities, which makes it possible to detect potentially dangerous users even without full access to the content they distribute, e.g., through private channels and chat rooms.

Energy Consumption in Point-Coverage Wireless Sensor Networks via Bat Algorithm

Sensor nodes spend the most of their limited energy on communicating with environmental information gathered in receivers. Hence, it is important to determine the optimal monitoring sensor nodes and information flow paths to the destination and sink in order to survive the sensor networks. Additionally, the heavy traffic load for transferring packets in nodes closer to the sink increases energy consumption and reduces battery life. It is desirable to reduce the energy between nodes and sink. The main goal is to extend the network lifetime through extending the lifetime of operating sensors as well transferring gathered data from super node to the sink. In this paper, Bat Algorithm (BA) is used to select the optimum monitoring sensor node and resulted path to reduce energy consumption. Simulation results and comparison with other algorithms show the superiority of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm show that the proposed algorithm has been able to reduce the power consumption of the network and increase the lifetime of the network. Also, the proposed algorithm is able to outperform the comparable algorithms on average by 27%.

A real-time interaction platform for settlement control during shield tunnelling construction

Abstract Settlement control has always been the first concern for all the participants of shield tunnelling construction when the shield machine passes through buildings, especially in urban areas. However, owing to insufficient information communication of the participants, abnormal settlement usually results, against which reasonable settlement control measures are difficult to take. Therefore, a real-time mobile interaction and coordinated management platform was designed and developed with the instant messaging (IM) tool. The key ingredients of the platform are timely auto-sending of monitoring data and information flow in the coordinated management mechanism. The platform can inform all participants timely of the settlement as well as the tunneling situation. With this platform, problems encountered during shield tunnelling construction can be solved by IM group discussion. The real-time interaction platform has been validated and verified in the project of Nanning metro line 1 crossing beneath Nanning railway station, which realized the settlement control goal of a maximum value of −4 mm.

Monitoring of information security system elements in the metallurgical enterprises

The article concerns the monitoring of elements of the information security system in an enterprise. The purpose of the research was to determine the reasons for monitoring information flows in the surveyed enterprise. The identification of information flows facilitates information management, empowering individuals to process information and preventing information security incidents. The implementation of information management methods facilitates monitoring the information security status.

Risk Management of NPP Incidents

A diagnostic model for managing the risk of NPP incidents attending different irregularities of equipment operation is examined for the example of the oil delivery system of the main circulation pump. The model includes the construction of a graph of the operation of the oil system and ranking in order to obtain indices of priority for monitoring information flow that reflect the actuation probability of each form of protection. The results of the analysis can used as input data for predicting the duration of a stable state of a technological system in the course of operation on the basis of stochastic extrapolation of the parameters by means of single-channel queuing systems with finite storage – technological protection and blocking.

A model-based measurement method for intelligent circuit breaker with data communication

In this paper, an object-oriented information model of an intelligent vacuum circuit breaker based on its physical structure and function (service) was established to integrate the measuring information flow of field parameters, the monitoring information flow of status data, and the operating and controlling information flow. The status parameters of the intelligent vacuum breaker were detected by analysing the principles and methods based on IEC61850 and IEC62271 standards. The IEC 61850 standard repository can be extended according to the characteristics of the intelligent vacuum breaker status parameters, and the IED server model was constructed to be suitable for the vacuum breaker. A key feature of the new method is the use of a multimode fibre that is incorporated into the IED server model to transmit the status parameters from the target to the sensor. The main characteristic of the measurement method is that it exhibits real-time transmission of data collection. The model includes temperature testing of the switch contact, vacuum arc testing, detection of vacuum switch motion and primary circuit parameters testing. Furthermore, we show how the IEC61850 standard can be used to give a better insight on data communication of the data collector and intelligent circuit breaker. Experimental results showed that the feasibility of intelligent vacuum breaker status monitoring through the switching-on test. It purposes to achieve information integration and a frame communication platform for the intelligent vacuum breaker.

Discussion of Strengthening Strategies of Financial Accounting Information Management on the Basis of Characteristics of Financial Accounting Information

Financial accounting information management is an important part of business management of chemical enter- prises and it plays an important role in the enterprise development. To solve problems of low-quality financial accounting information and high financial risks and so on, taking the chemical enterprise as an example and analyzing the characteris- tics of financial accounting information, this paper discusses the problems in the financial accounting information man- agement of chemical enterprises, and puts forward corresponding solutions. From the aspects of transparency of financial accounting information, auditing, monitoring and personnel, this paper puts forward the management strategies to im- prove the quality of financial accounting information, through the informationized tools, high-quality personnel, scientific workflow and close monitoring of financial accounting information flow.

A proof-of-principle study of multi-site real-time functional imaging at 3T and 7T: Implementation and validation.

Real-time functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rtfMRI) is used mainly for neurofeedback or for brain-computer interfaces (BCI). But multi-site rtfMRI could in fact help in the application of new interactive paradigms such as the monitoring of mutual information flow or the controlling of objects in shared virtual environments. For that reason, a previously developed framework that provided an integrated control and data analysis of rtfMRI experiments was extended to enable multi-site rtfMRI. Important new components included a data exchange platform for analyzing the data of both MR scanners independently and/or jointly. Information related to brain activation can be displayed separately or in a shared view. However, a signal calibration procedure had to be developed and integrated in order to permit the connecting of sites that had different hardware and to account for different inter-individual brain activation levels. The framework was successfully validated in a proof-of-principle study with twelve volunteers. Thus the overall concept, the calibration of grossly differing signals, and BCI functionality on each site proved to work as required. To model interactions between brains in real-time, more complex rules utilizing mutual activation patterns could easily be implemented to allow for new kinds of social fMRI experiments.

Do Restatement Borrowing Firms Benefit From Board Tie with Lending Banks?

Accounting restatements cast doubt on information credibility. Therefore, bank loan lenders have to devote more effort to information collection and monitoring. In this context, board ties with lending banks, where respective directors of borrowers and lenders attended college or previously worked together, can potentially benefit restatement borrowers by facilitating information flow or effective monitoring. Using matched sample difference-in-difference (DID) approach, my sample includes bank loans borrowed by restatement firms and non-restatement matching firms, in the pre- and post- restatement periods. Evidence shows that the existence of having board tie with lending banks helps to mitigate the higher bank loan cost suffered by restatement borrowers after restatement. Such result is mainly driven by more severe irregularity-related restatement and board tie with lead arranger in syndicate. However, the loan cost benefits come with additional costs. Lending banks, when connected by board tie with restatement borrower, tend to impose even more covenants than other lenders, suggesting they substitute interest rate concessions for more covenant restrictions to exercise ex-post control.

Multi-Agent Information Interaction Research for Distribution Dispatch Monitoring

In allusion to the transmission difficult difficulties problem of massive monitoring information flow, due to numerous on-line processing points and quick variation of operating parameters in distribution network monitoring dispatching, an new asynchronous processing method for batch information based on multi-agent alliance technology is proposed. Multi-agent alliance Platform is constructed by means of designing JACK software. Then using CIM-mapping technology and news event asynchronous trigger technology, massive data interactive real-time processing is implemented. Taking the monitoring system for 10kV railway distribution network as example, the synchronous interaction and performance tests are carried out for 10000 analog quantities and state quantity measurement data, the transmission interaction processing time is 582.08ms.

Multiple levels and multiple challenges for measurement, reporting and verification of REDD+

REDD+ is a multilevel endeavour. Global demands, national and subnational structures and local people’s needs and aspirations must all be linked in efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. We use Brockhaus and Angelsen’s (2012) framework of Institutions, Interests, Information and Ideas (4Is) to analyse the multilevel governance of REDD+ through one of its core elements: measurement, reporting and verification. We present the multilevel dimensions of REDD+ and the risks if they are disregarded. We analyse the flow and interplay of information, institutions and interests across levels in REDD+ measurement, reporting and verification and examine which multilevel governance mechanisms enable this flow. To support our analysis, we provide anecdotal evidence of challenges and opportunities from three countries: Brazil, Vietnam and Indonesia. Our analysis shows that it is essential to enhance and harmonize information flows between local and national levels for measurement, reporting and verification to be accountable. Furthermore, sound information flows between levels can increase the negotiation power of disadvantaged groups and ensure a more effective, efficient and equitable REDD+. To reduce the risk of conflict, REDD+ multilevel governance systems must match incentives and interests with transparent institutions. Effective multilevel governance mechanisms, such as novel cross-scale institutional arrangements, uniform regulations on the rights, responsibilities and procedures for monitoring information flows, and participation across levels, will provide tools for both information flow and greater matching of different interests across levels.