Mongolia Autonomous Region Research Articles

Monitoring and Effect Evaluation of an Ecological Restoration Project Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Wuliangsuhai Watershed in China

Quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of ecological restoration provides timely feedback on restoration efforts, and helps to accurately understand the extent of restoration, while providing scientific support for optimizing restoration programs. In recent decades, the Wuliangsuhai watershed in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has been affected by anthropogenic activities, resulting in an increasingly unbalanced ecological environment. In order to curb environmental degradation, the local government implemented the “mountain, water, forest, field, lake and grass ecological protection and restoration project of the Wuliangsuhai watershed” from 2018 to 2020. The project has been completed and there is an urgent need for remote sensing monitoring to aid in performance evaluation. We took the ecological protection and restoration area of the Wuliangsuhai watershed in China as the research object, applied multi-source remote sensing imagery and auxiliary data such as meteorology and geographic basic data, extracted information of each evaluation index before and after the implementation of this project, and used the entropy value method to determine the index weights to comprehensively evaluate the ecological restoration effect. The results showed that after the implementation of the ecological restoration project, the vegetation coverage was further improved, the effectiveness of desert management was obvious, soil and water conservation capacity was strengthened, the ecosystem became more stable, and the areas with good environment were mostly located in the central and eastern parts. A total of 37.86% of the areas had obvious ecological restoration effects, and all indicators were further improved. Among the main treatment areas, the restoration effect of the Wuliangsuhai water ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation area was the best. The restoration effect will be further accentuated over time. This study provides a scientific reference for the further management of the ecological environment in the watershed and can provide a reference for the evaluation of the ecological restoration effect in similar areas in the future.

Foveal avascular zone in normal human eyes by optical coherence tomography angiography

ObjectiveTo analyze the influence factors of the area of superficial plexus foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and related indexes of fovea measured with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in normal subjects. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study from November 2020 to May 2021 in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Each subject received related eye examination. The correlation between all the factors and superficial plexus FAZ were analyzed under univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis. ResultsFinally, 239 subjects with sufficient data were recruited in the study, including 108 males and 131 females, aged 27.41±4.63 years. The area of superficial plexus FAZ was 0.33±0.16 mm2. In the univariate regression, gender (β = 41.702, 95%CI: 9.152 to 74.253, P = 0.012), drinking (β = -66.074, 95%CI: -99.197 to -32.951, P = 0.001) and axial length (β = -15.874, 95%CI: -29.562 to -2.185, P = 0.023) were associated with superficial plexus FAZ area. In multivariate regression analysis results, drinking (β = -42.410, 95%CI = -79.388 to -5.432, P = 0.025) was significantly correlated with superficial plexus FAZ area. ConclusionThe area of superficial plexus FAZ was not affected by age, gender, systematical and biochemical indicators, but related to the status of drinking.

Dynamic optimization of open-pit coal mine production scheduling based on ARIMA and fuzzy structured element

A dynamic optimization method was created to address the production schedule issue in an open-pit coal mine while taking into account the characteristics of the fuzzy structured element. The fuzzy mining capacities of all “geologically optimal push-back bodies” were then examined using the moving cove method. One of the most crucial elements in the process of open-pit coal mine production scheduling optimization is coal pricing. As a result, this work also presents a dynamic optimization technique for production scheduling that incorporates the prediction of economic time series and the generation of dynamic economic indices. An appropriate time series model is created to forecast the future coal price based on previous data on coal prices. The prediction results are used in the calculation of optimal mining body generation to dynamically obtain the optimal production scheduling model. The Baorixile Open-pit Coal Mine in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is using this method. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model ARIMA is constructed to anticipate the coal price in the future 23 years by evaluating and processing the coal price from 2009 to 2022, and the ideal production scheduling scheme of the mine economics is afterwards identified. The ideal fuzzy coal mining volume, the potential production life, and the fuzzy total net present value (NPV) of the annual production scheduling are all provided at the same time. The optimization findings can better give fundamental support for mine design and future production since the fuzzy problem is accurately expressed by correct formulations.

Can Inner Mongolia Learn from Zhejiang’s Low-Carbon Policy?—Comparative Analysis Based on the EPS Model

Based on the energy policy simulation model (EPS model) and the reality of Zhejiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the carbon pricing policy scenario and the early retirement policy scenario of coal power generation units were constructed, respectively, and the policy effects simulated. The study explored whether Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region can learn from the low-carbon policies that have played a good role in Zhejiang Province in the process of achieving a carbon peak. The research found that: (1) Under the baseline scenario, both Zhejiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region failed to achieve a carbon peak by 2030. (2) Under the scenarios of carbon pricing and early retirement of coal power generation units, the peak time of carbon in Zhejiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has been advanced, which shows the effectiveness of carbon pricing and early retirement of coal power generation units. (3) The above two policies have achieved good results in the overall implementation process of Zhejiang Province, but the carbon pricing policy has caused dramatic fluctuations in the power generation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the early retirement policy of coal power units has failed to achieve the goal of reaching the peak carbon in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on schedule.

Molecular Characterization of Three Apple Geminivirus Isolates in Crabapples Detected in Inner Mongolia, China.

Apple geminivirus 1 (AGV) in the genus Maldovirus of the family Geminiviridae was first identified infecting apple trees in the year 2015 in China. In this work, we characterized three isolates of the AGV in the Chinese pearleaf crabapple (Malus asiatica) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The viruses were detected by Illumina sequencing and its existence was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of an AGV fragment. Between the three AGV isolates and the initially characterized AGV isolate PL2015, the nucleotide sequence identities of the complete genome ranged from 91.2 to 91.7%, of the coat protein gene (V1) ranged from 95.4% to 97.3%, and of the replicase gene (C1) ranged from 87.3% to 88.0%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three isolates formed a monophyletic group together with the AGV, separated from the current genera in the family Geminiviridae. This is the first description of the AGV infecting crabapples.

内蒙古自治区沙漠化敏感性时空演变格局和趋势分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 内蒙古自治区沙漠化敏感性时空演变格局和趋势分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202112183592 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重大专项（04-H30G01-9001-20/22-03）；国家自然科学基金项目（211035210511）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目；陕西省科技计划项目重点研发项目（211435220242） Analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution pattern and trend of desertification sensitivity in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以内蒙古自治区为研究区，基于压力-状态-响应模型（PSR）分析框架，耦合空间距离指数模型（SDIM）构建土地沙漠化敏感性评价体系（LDSES），结合沙漠化敏感性时空演变图谱，定量探讨内蒙古自治区土地沙漠化敏感性在2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年期间的时空演变，并引入元胞自动机-马尔科夫（CA-Markov）模型模拟沙漠化敏感性未来演变机制，进而采用地理探测器揭示了前20 a演变进程中主要驱动因子对其演变的影响特征及解释力。结果表明：（1）内蒙古自治区沙漠化敏感性整体上呈现由东北向西南递增的趋势，低敏感区位于大兴安岭和阴山山脉周边林草地覆盖区，高敏感区则位于西南部的巴丹吉林沙漠、腾格里沙漠、乌兰布和沙漠、库布其沙漠、毛乌素沙漠等沙地和戈壁地区；（2）从沙漠化敏感性时空演变上来看，研究期间沙漠化敏感性改善的区域，占总面积的30.65%，沙漠化敏感性恶化的区域，占总面积的4.48%，沙漠化敏感性类型维持稳定不变的区域占总面积的52.72%，整体来看土地沙漠化潜力逐渐降低，土地生态质量逐渐好转；（3）2030年沙漠化敏感性模拟结果显示未来10年沙漠化敏感性以低度敏感为主要类型（26.43%），沙漠化潜力将大幅下降，生态工程措施将取得一个较好的结果；（4）驱动力分析表明，沙漠化敏感性对气候因素的响应尤为敏感，其中降雨量对沙漠化敏感性分异的解释力最大；在社会经济发展因素中，经济发展水平起主要影响，说明经济水平的提高在一定程度上将影响土地沙漠化敏感性，各驱动因子交互对沙漠化敏感性呈现增强作用，表明沙漠化敏感性的分异是由多种因素共同作用的结果。研究可为半干旱区沙漠化防治和策略的制定提供借鉴。 Abstract:Taking the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the study area, based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) analysis framework and coupled with the spatial distance index model (SDIM), the Land Desertification Sensitivity Evaluation System (LDSES) is constructed. Then combined with the spatio-temporal evolution map of desertification sensitivity, this paper quantitatively discusses the temporal and spatial evolution of land desertification sensitivity in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. At the same time, CA-Markov model is introduced to simulate the future evolution mechanism of desertification sensitivity, and then the geographic detector is used to reveal the characteristics and explanatory power of the main driving factors in the evolution of the first 20 years. The results showed that:(1) the desertification sensitivity of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region showed an increasing trend from the northeast to the southwest. Insensitive areas were located in the forest and grassland areas around Great Khingan and Yin Mountains. Highly sensitive areas were located in sandy land and the Gobi Desert such as the Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, Urumqi Desert, Rambuh Desert, Kubuqi Desert, and Mu Us Desert in the southwest. (2) From the perspective of the temporal and spatial evolution of desertification sensitivity, the areas with improved desertification sensitivity during the study period accounted for 30.65% of the total area. Areas with deteriorating desertification sensitivity accounted for 4.48% of the total area, and areas where the type of desertification sensitivity remained stable accounted for 52.72% of the total area. On the whole, the potential for land desertification is gradually decreasing and the ecological quality of the land was gradually improving. (3) The simulation results of desertification sensitivity in 2030 showed that in the next 10 years, low sensitivity will be the main type (26.43%), the desertification potential will be greatly reduced, and ecological engineering measures will achieve a good result. (4) The driving force analysis showed that the sensitivity of desertification was particularly sensitive to climatic factors, among them, rainfall had the greatest explanatory power for the differentiation of desertification sensitivity. Among the factors of social and economic development, the level of economic development played a major role, indicating that the improvement of economic level would affect the sensitivity of land desertification to a certain extent. And the interaction of various driving factors enhanced the sensitivity of desertification, indicating that the differentiation of desertification sensitivity was the result of a combination of multiple factors. The research can provide reference for the formulation of desertification control and strategies in semi-arid regions. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Research on Inner Mongolia freight volume forecast model based on computable general equilibrium

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is a big province of energy, variety complete and reserve sufficient. However, with the continuous growth of energy freight volume, the imbalance of energy freight varieties and the unreasonable structure of energy industry in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are becoming more and more serious. The energy SAM table was compiled based on the latest official input-output table of Inner Mongolia, and the CGE model of regional energy freight volume and GAMS program were constructed to simulate and predict the total energy freight volume of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2025-2035. The results show that the average accuracy of the prediction model is 2.27% according to the error terms between the prediction results and the actual results. The conclusions can provide reference for stabilizing economic growth, developing regional green logistics and strengthening technological innovation and transformation.

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the Implementation of China's Educational Policy in Inner Asia

The article is devoted to a brief overview of the main trends in educational cooperation between Russia, China and Mongolia. The focus of the research is the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a special cultural and educational space within which interaction in the field of higher education is implemented. Based on statistical data, it was revealed that students from Mongolia and the regions of Siberia and the Russian Far East represent the overwhelming majority in the proportion of foreign students in the region. The main "attraction factors" are scholarship programs at various levels — the Government of the People's Republic of China, the People's Government of Inner Mongolia and universities. A significant incentive is the allocation of special quotas for applicants from Mongolia, as well as partner universities from Russia. The universities of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region over the past 15 years have become one of the key centers for attracting foreign students from Mongolia and the Russian regions of Inner Asia. The Chinese leadership considers Inner Mongolia as an important region for the implementation of domestic national policy. In recent years, this region has played an important role in building relations with Mongolia and Russia in the context of China's global initiatives and humanitarian cooperation in general. Quite possibly that in the future Inner Mongolia will fulfill strategic tasks both from the point of view of domestic policy and from the implementation of the PR China's foreign policy. Acknowledgements: I would like to express deep gratitude to Prof. Luo Jianjin (罗见近教授) for his guidance, encouragement and gracious support throughout my scientific work in Li Di Institute of the Institute of History of Science and Technology of The Inner Mongolia Normal University (内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究学院李迪书院).

RESEARCH ON SOIL FRAGMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON FRACTAL DIMENSION AND IMAGE PROCESSING

To improve the complex process of judging the degree of soil fragmentation during potato-soil separation and to establish a fast and effective judging method. Soil drop experiments were performed using sandy soil from the potato growing region of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The effects of soil moisture content, hardness, volume, drop height, inclination of the separating sieve and composition of the separating sieve rod on soil fragmentation were investigated. The fractal dimension and image processing used to quantify soil fragmentation and scattering and obtain quantitative indicators of soil fragmentation. The results showed that the following factors influenced soil fragmentation in descending order of statistical significance: soil hardness, fall height and soil volume. The softer the soil was, the greater the fall height; the larger the soil volume was, the greater the fragmentation. Meanwhile the correlation between the two indicators is extremely high, simplifying assessment of the degree of soil fragmentation. This study clearly shows the influence of the intrinsic physical properties of soil and the external physical parameters of potato excavators on the characteristics of crushed soil. The results can provide a basis for improving the efficiency of potato-soil separation and designing more efficient devices for harvesting potatoes.

VII International Forum of the Association of Expert Centers of Russia, China and Mongolia: Key Issues and Prospects for Cooperation

The paper presents a brief overview of the VII Forum of Expert Centers of Russia,China and Mongolia. The forum is one of the platforms for the implementation of the global initiative “One Belt and One Road”, as well as the discussion of specific mechanisms for the building up the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. Since 2015, six International Forums have been held in various formats. Representatives of Mongolia, Russia and China alternately hosted the Forum. Today we can assert that the Forum has given a great incentive to the development of practical cooperation between Russia, China and Mongolia. Scientists, experts, teachers of universities, government officials of the three countries took part in the Forum. The forum was guided by the results of bilateral meetings between the leaders of Russia and China, Russia and Mongolia. The main organizer of the VII Forum was the Center for Macroeconomic Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (PR China). The Russian side was represented by the Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Mongolian side by the Mongolian State University. The main part of the forum was represented by 12 scientific reports, which were conditionally divided into two key topics: “Deepening cooperation in the field of new energy and agriculture between Russia, China and Mongolia” and “Strengthening cooperation in cross-border e-commerce between Russia, China and Mongolia”. Experts from the three countries presented an analysis of the main trends in the development of cooperation in modern conditions, and proposed mechanisms for overcoming existing barriers.

内蒙古自治区55岁以上人群衰弱因素分析

内蒙古自治区55岁以上人群衰弱因素分析

Safety and Effectiveness of SA58 Nasal Spray Against COVID-19 Infection in Medical Personnel: An Open-Label, Blank-Controlled Study - Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2022.

The active ingredient of the SA58 Nasal Spray is a broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody with a high neutralizing capacity against different Omicron sub-variants in vitro studies. This study demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of SA58 Nasal Spray against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in medical personnel for the first time. This study provides an effective approach for the public to reduce their risk of COVID-19 infection. The findings of this research have the potential to significantly reduce the risk of infection and limit human-to-human transmission in the event of a COVID-19 outbreak.

Are teachers "butter lamps"? Teacher stress in Chinese Minzu "ethnic" schools.

China is a unified multi-ethnic country. Although research on teacher stress is plentiful in this context, the specific case of Minzu ("ethnic") teachers is under-researched. Using Minzu schools located in a diverse county of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (North China), as a case study, the authors examine factors behind Minzu teacher stress. Using mixed methods, three main results were identified by analyzing interviews and questionnaires with both the software NVivo and dialogical discourse analysis: societal, school and Self factors. In general, the teachers confirmed that their job was extremely stressful. While some of these aspects derived directly from the specific context of Minzu education (e.g., rural and pastoralist families send their children to towns leading to teachers taking over parents' responsibilities), some elements were also found in other contexts of Chinese education and/or internationally. The article ends with some recommendations specifically about Minzu aspects in the treatment of teacher stress, which will also be of interest for international audiences.

Research on Inner Mongolia's Characteristic Tourism from the Perspective of Industrial Integration

Tourism has played an important role in poverty alleviation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. However, in the development of tourism, there are still problems such as insufficient resource development, insufficient awareness of industrial integration development, and lack of "intellectual" support for tourism development. Under the circumstance that all poverty-stricken areas and counties in the autonomous region have been lifted out of poverty, tourism poverty alleviation needs to further give play to the advantages of characteristic natural resources, integrate national characteristic culture, develop vocational education and promote the integration of industry and education, so as to achieve the goal of eliminating relative poverty in poverty-stricken areas in the autonomous region by relying on tourism.

2000-2018年内蒙古沙区“生态-经济-社会”复合系统脆弱性演变及关键影响因素

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 2000-2018年内蒙古沙区“生态-经济-社会”复合系统脆弱性演变及关键影响因素 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202203100586 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(41971253) Vulnerability evolution of the ecological-economic-social complex system and the key influencing factors in the sandy region of Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2018 Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971253) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在气候变化和人类活动共同影响下,沙区"生态-经济-社会"复合系统快速变化,为沙漠化治理及区域可持续发展带来了严峻的挑战。因此,揭示沙区"生态-经济-社会"复合系统脆弱性演变规律,辨识影响脆弱性演化的关键因素及区域差异对沙区可持续管理具有重要意义。以内蒙古自治区为研究区,利用"暴露-敏感-适应"评估模型构建沙区"生态-经济-社会"复合系统脆弱性评价指标体系,将空间主成分分析与时空地理加权回归模型相结合,探讨2000-2018年内蒙古"生态-经济-社会"复合系统脆弱性时空演变及关键因素作用机制。结果表明:(1)脆弱性及暴露度、敏感性和适应性三个维度在空间上均有较强的异质性特征,脆弱性具有整体分散、局部聚集的分布格局;暴露度的空间分布为中部高,两边低;敏感性的空间分布为西部高,东部低;适应性的高低值分布与脆弱性相反。(2)脆弱性的变化在总体上呈现大部分区域降低,局部区域升高的趋势,显著升高区域主要聚集在内蒙古南部地区。(3)影响脆弱性分布的因素在每年均有所不同,但总体上植被覆盖度、沙漠化程度、气象指数等生态指标是影响脆弱性显著变化区域的主要因素。 Abstract:Under the combined effects of climate change and human activities, the rapidly change of the ecological-economic-social complex system in sandy areas poses serious challenges to desertification control and regional sustainable development. Therefore, it is of great significance to reveal the vulnerability evolution law of the ecological-economic-social complex system in sandy region, identify the key factors affecting the vulnerability evolution for the sustainable management of sandy region. In this paper, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was taken as the research area, and the VSD (Vulnerability Scoping Diagram) model was used to construct the vulnerability assessment index system for the ecological-economic-social complex system. The spatial principal component analysis and spatio-temporal geographically weighted regression model were combined to explore the spatio-temporal evolution of the vulnerability of the ecological-economic-social complex system and the influencing mechanisms of the key factors from 2000 to 2018. The results show that: (1) vulnerability, exposure, sensitivity and adaptability have strongly heterogeneous characteristics in space, and vulnerability has a distribution pattern of overall dispersion and local aggregation; the spatial distribution of exposure is high in the middle and low on both sides; the spatial distribution of sensitivity is high in the west and low in the east; the distribution of high and low values of adaptability is the opposite of vulnerability. (2) Vulnerability changes generally show a trend of decreasing in most regions and an increasing trend in some areas. The areas with vulnerability significantly increase mainly concentrated in the southern Inner Mongolia. (3) The factors that affect the distribution of vulnerability are different each year, but in general, ecological indicators such as vegetation cover, desertification degree and meteorological indices are the main factors that affect significant change in vulnerability. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Association Between Combinations of 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Depression Among Adolescents - Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2019-2021.

In recent years, there has been growing concern regarding the escalating rates of depression among adolescents. While certain individual behaviors have been suggested as potential protective factors for mental health, there is a scarcity of research examining the collective influence of 24-hour movement behaviors. This research documented the prevalence of adolescent depression, along with the rates of adherence to 24-hour movement behavior guidelines encompassing moderate to vigorous physical activity, screen time, and sleep time, in the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. A significant correlation was observed between levels of depression and combined health behaviors. Of particular note was the finding that adherence to the "screen+sleep time" recommendation was linked with the lowest risk of depression. A comprehensive intervention that targets three 24-hour movement behaviors should be accentuated, with the combination of "sleep and screen time" potentially offering the most effective approach to managing depression.

Exploring the Path of Developing the Second Classroom in Primary and Secondary Schools in Remote Areas under the Background of Quality Education

In recent years, the country has introduced a series of policies to promote the development of quality education, and the second classroom has been given attention as an important part of quality education. In this context, in order to cultivate a new generation of talents that meet the economic construction and social needs of the 21st century, the development of the second classroom in primary and secondary schools has become a top priority. Based on the current development status of the second classroom in grassroots pastoral areas, this article takes Naiman Banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the research site, and comprehensively uses field survey, questionnaire survey, literature research, and data analysis methods to analyze the importance, necessity, and current problems of carrying out the second classroom in primary and secondary schools in remote areas. At the same time, based on the local situation and the development needs of primary and secondary school students, quality expansion activities are carried out to enrich the content of the second classroom in primary and secondary schools, and feasible suggestions are proposed for the sustainable development path of the second classroom.

Study on the Influence of National Centralized Drug Procurement on Drug Use in Hospitals in Border Areas—Take Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Region of Xinjiang Autonomous Region as an Example

Study on the Influence of National Centralized Drug Procurement on Drug Use in Hospitals in Border Areas—Take Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Region of Xinjiang Autonomous Region as an Example

Study on Students’ Attitude Towards Physical Education Course

In today's world when physical education and health are becoming more important, the attitudes of non-physical education students towards this course rely on many factors. The purpose of this article is to reveal the attitudes of non-physical education students towards the Physical Education Course, and to clarify their causes and relationships. Questionnaire and interview methods were used in the research. Totally, 2232 students not majoring in Physical Education at the Hulunbuir University of The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the People’s Republic of China participated in the questionnaire. A research methodology was developed to study students' attitudes towards Physical Education through a 27-question questionnaire and a 15-question interview. The questionnaire consisted of 4 sections: general information, attitude, participation and interest. In order to clarify the results of the questionnaire, interviews were conducted in each case. The developed questionnaire and interview were analyzed for the consistency and reliability and the obtained data underwent further qualitative and quantitively analyses. We came into conclusion that the attitudes towards the Physical Education Course by male students vary from those of the female students and the acknowledgement of the significance of the Course by students themselves increases their self-esteem, ability to work as a team, as well as learning efficiency.

Greenhouse gas emissions from Daihai Lake, China: Should eutrophication and salinity promote carbon emission dynamics?

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted or absorbed by lakes are an important component of the global carbon cycle. However, few studies have focused on the GHG dynamics of eutrophic saline lakes, thus preventing a comprehensive understanding of the carbon cycle. Here, we conducted four sampling analyses using a floating chamber in Daihai Lake, a eutrophication saline lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to explore its carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions. The mean CO2 emission flux (FCO2) and CH4 emission flux (FCH4) were 17.54 ± 14.54 mmol/m2/day and 0.50 ± 0.50 mmol/m2/day, respectively. The results indicated that Daihai Lake was a source of CO2 and CH4, and GHG emissions exhibited temporal variability. The mean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and CH4 partial pressure (pCH4) were 561.35 ± 109.59 µatm and 17.02 ± 13.45 µatm, which were supersaturated relative to the atmosphere. The regression and correlation analysis showed that the main influencing factors of pCO2 were wind speed, dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN) and Chlorophyll a (Chl.a), whereas the main influencing factors of pCH4 were water temperature (WT), Chl.a, nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), TN, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and water depth. Salinity regulated carbon mineralization and organic matter decomposition, and it was an important influencing factor of pCO2 and pCH4. Additionally, the trophic level index (TLI) significantly increased pCH4. Our study elucidated that salinity and eutrophication play an important role in the dynamic changes of GHG emissions. However, research on eutrophic saline lakes needs to be strengthened.