Monetary Returns Research Articles

Effect of pre and post emergence herbicides on growth, yield and economics of wheat

A field experiment was carried out at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, G.H. Raisoni University, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh during Rabi season 2019-20, on effect of pre and post emergence herbicides on growth, yield and economics of wheat. Nine herbicide treatments comprised of post emergence application of Pendimethalin @1.0 Kg a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence 2 DAS, Metsulfuron methyl @ 3 and 4 g a.i. ha-1 POE at 18 DAS, Metribuzin @ 131 and 175 g a.i. ha-1 POE at 18 DAS, 2,4-D @ 563 and 750 g a.i. ha-1 POE at 18 DAS, weed free and weedy check. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thrice replication. The experimental results revealed that the growth attributing characters of wheat crop viz., plant height and dry matter accumulation plant-1. Maximum grain yield (47.17 q ha-1), straw yield (69.22 q ha-1), gross monetary returns (95738 Rs. ha-1), net monetary returns (58166 Rs. ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.55) were recorded under application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 Kg a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence at 2 DAS as compared to rest of the treatments.

Study on Selective Mechanization in Kharif Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)

Background: Greengram is an important short duration crop for rainfed area of Telangana state. Green gram is grown widely for human diet which contains 25 % protein, 60 % carbohydrate, 1.3 % fat and several essential amino acid including lysine and easily digestable. It is also rich in Vitamin A, B1, B2 C and calcium, phosphorus and potassium. Sowing of seed, application of fertilizers and intercultivation operations should be done timely to get the higher yields and monetary returns besides saving of time and labour, which is possible through only by mechanization in greengram. Methods: This experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2017 and 2018 at Agricultural Research Station, Madhira farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University, Hyderabad (Telangana). The soil of the experimental field was clay loam soil in texture, having alkaline reaction (pH=8.3), EC=0.33 ds m-1, low organic carbon (0.18%) and having low available nitrogen (153 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (42 kg ha-1) and high in available potassium (538 kg ha-1). This experiment comprising of two treatments i.e., selective mechanization and normal practice, which was tested by simple t-test at 5% level of significance, non-replicated. Result: Sowing of seed and fertilizer application through seed cum fertilizer drill and intercultivation by tractor drawn implements has shown in good crop growth inturn to get the higher yields and monetary returns besides saving of labour and time in greengram cultivation.

On the returns to holding political office (Is it worth it?)

The paper estimates causal effects of being elected in a local election on monetary returns. The claim for causality is made in a research design where the income of some candidate who just barely won a seat is compared to that of some other candidate who was close to winning a seat for the same party, but ultimately did not. This research design is made possible thanks to a comprehensive, detailed data set covering all Swedish politicians who have run for office in the period 1991–2006. The analysis establishes that monetary returns from local politics are absent both in the short and long run. By relating this null result to effects on the future political career, the paper provides suggestive evidence that local politicians are not primarily motivated by money.

Studies on the effect of zinc and boron on growth and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under limited irrigation

An experiment was conducted during rabi 2018-19 at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to study the effect of zinc and boron on growth, yield attributes, seed yield and economics of linseed. The soil of experimental site was sandy loam in texture, low in organic carbon, available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorus and potash with slightly alkaline in reaction. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments comprised soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1, foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 45 DAS, soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 45 DAS, soil application of borax @ 1.5 kg ha-1, foliar application of borax @ 0.3% at 45 DAS, soil application of borax @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + foliar application of borax @ 0.3 at 45 DAS, soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + borax @ 1.5 kg ha-1, foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + borax @ 0.3% at 45 DAS compared with control treatment. The source of zinc and boron application were zinc sulphate hepta hydrate and borax. The experimental crop received a total rainfall of 35.2 mm which was exposed to mean minimum temperature 4.60C during fifty two standard week (24-31 December, 2018) and maximum temperature 39.40C during 15th meteorological week (9-15 April, 2019) respectively. Results exhibited that among the treatments foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + borax @ 0.3% at 45 DAS found superior in terms of maximum plant growth, yield attributes and seed yield. The significantly maximum seed yield (2047 kg ha-1), gross monetary return (Rs.92115 ha-1) and net monetary return (Rs.65508 ha-1) were recorded with the foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + borax @ 0.3% at 45 DAS and was followed by the soil application of ZnSO4@ 25 Kg ha-1 + borax@ 1.5 kg ha-1.

Effect of foliar application of premix liquid fertilizers on growth, yield and economics in chickpea

A field experiment was carried out at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, G.H. Raisoni University, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh during Rabi season 2019, Effect of foliar application of premix liquid fertilizers on growth, yield and economics of chickpea. Five liquid fertilizers comprised of treatments only RDF of application RDF + Liquid fertilizers (premix) @ 500 ml ha-1, RDF + Liquid fertilizers (premix) @ 1.0 litre ha-1, RDF + Liquid fertilizers (premix) @ 1.5 litre ha-1, RDF + Sea weed extract @ 500 ml ha-1, ontrol (Only RDF). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thrice replication. The experimental results revealed that the growth attributing characters of chickpea crop viz., plant height and dry matter accumulation plant-1, yield attributes (Pods plant-1, dry weight of pods plant-1, seed pod-1 and seed index ), Maximum grain yield (1893 q ha-1), straw yield (2784 q ha-1), gross monetary returns (87847 Rs. ha-1), net monetary returns (59542 Rs. ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.10) were recorded under application of RDF + Liquid fertilizers (premix) at 1 litre ha-1 as compared to rest of the treatments.

Studies on sowing environment for sustainable production of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) Under climate change situation in scarcity zone of Maharashtra

An experiment was conducted at Research farm, Zonal Agriculture Research Station, Solapur for five years (2013-14 to 2017-18) in rabi on sorghum entitled as “Studies on Sowing Environment for Sustainable Production in Rabi Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) Under Climate Change Situation in Scarcity Zone of Maharashtra.” to find out most optimum meteorological week for sowing sorghum in rabi season, to study the relationship between meteorological parameters and yield by using four different sowing windows. The results were obtained from the experiment, it was found that rabi sorghum sown at MW 40 (01-07 Oct) produced maximum pooled grain yield (1204.2 kg ha-1), fodder (2477.1 kg ha-1) and total monetary returns (Rs.35749 ha-1). Among the varieties, M-35-1 was produced significantly higher grain yield (1056.8 kg ha-1), fodder yield (2283.6 kg ha-1) and total monetary returns (Rs.31852 ha-1) over the other variety. The meteorological studies showed that the mean CUM and MUE recorded by sorghum crop was 211 mm and 4.5 kg ha-1mm. The highest CUM was recorded by S1 sown crop (233 mm) however the MUE was recorded by S3 sown crop (5.8 kg ha-1mm). This indicated that S3 sown crop (Chitra Nakshtras) utilized moisture more efficiently than other dates of sowing. Among the variety M-35-1 recorded maximum mean CUM (220 mm) and MUE (4.8 ha-1mm) than other varieties. The number of days required to attain physiological maturity and growing degree days were higher in S3 sown crop. Among the varieties it is higher in M35-1 than Mauli and Yashoda. In case of RUE initially values were low, it increases up to 84 DAS (i.e. up to 50 percent flowering to soft dough stage) further it decreases in all most all the sowing dates.

Carbon sequestration in different pools of tiger reserves and territorial forests of Madhya Pradesh, India

The field experiment was conducted at AICRP Weed Management field, Department of Agronomy Department, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during three consecutive Kharif season of the year 2015-2016, 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replication having fourteen different treatments to study the bio-efficacy of pre and post emergence herbicides with cultural practices on weed control, growth and productivity of turmeric. The results revealed that all the weed control treatments significantly reduced the weed population and weed biomass when compared with unweeded control. The hand weeding (25, 45 and 75 DAP) recorded significantly lower weed count, dry matter accumulation and WCE of 94.45% followed by integrated weed management treatments of metribuzin 0.7 kg/ha PE followed by straw mulch 10 t/ha fb one HW which recorded lowest weed population and weed dry weight at harvest and WCE of 58.35%. Lower weed index value (3.41) was associated with the treatments Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha (0-5 DAP) fb straw mulch 10 t / ha (10 DAP) fb one HW (75 DAP). Integrated weed management practices resulted in increase of rhizome yield over the weedy check. Maximum rhizome yield was observed in weed free treatment (22.51 t/ha), while among the IWM treatments application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha (0-5 DAP) fb straw mulch 10 t / ha (10 DAP) fb one HW recorded higher rhizome yield (21.72 t/ha) which was closely followed by metribuzin 0.7 kg / ha fb straw mulch (10 DAP) fb HW (21.60 t/ha) and atrazine 0.75 kg / ha (0-5 DAP) fb straw mulch (10 DAP) fb HW (21.37t/ha) being par with each other. Due to higher rhizome yield, highest monetary returns of Rs. 277024 /ha was registered under pendimethalin 1 kg/ha (0-5 DAP) fb straw mulch 10 t / ha fb one HW with B: C ratio of 4.20 highest than 3 HW at 25, 45 and 75 DAP. (3.35). The findings of present investigation conclusively inferred that, integrated use of either Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha or by Metribuzin 0.7 kg / ha (0-5 DAP) fb straw mulch 10 t / ha (10 DAP) fb one HW (75 DAP) as adjudged very effective for weed control and for attaining the highest productivity and profitability in turmeric.

Effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid on growth, yield and economics of blackgram

A field experiment was conducted at the research field of Pulses Research Unit, Washim Road, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra) during Kharif season of 2018, to study the effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid on growth, yield and economics of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). In blackgram, 11 treatments comprising gibberellic acid management practices (application of 15, 30, 45 ppm GA3 at flower and pod initiation stages and control) were tested. Results indicated that two applications of 30ppm GA3 at flower and pod initiation stages recorded significantly number of pods/cluster, length of pod (cm),number of grains/pod, number of pods/plant, grain yield/plant (g), grain yield (kg/ha) and gross monetary returns than no application of the GA3. The same treatment recorded higher rain water use efficiency and higher gross returns.

Intercropping of small millets for agricultural sustainability in drylands : A review

The scope for enhancement of productivity under irrigated conditions is limited because of over-exploitation of available resources, but there is ample opportunity for boosting yield in drylands by adopting suitable crops and cropping systems. The agricultural sustainability in drylands is comparatively hard to achieve due to different constraints like poor soil fertility, lack of irrigation facilities and moisture stress, small holdings and less investment in agriculture. Choice of ecologically sound crops as millets and adoption of intercropping systems are two of suitable options for maximization of productivity in drylands. Millets are ancient nutri-cereals which can play a crucial role in food as well as nutritional security of the country and can assure agricultural sustainability in drylands under intercropping system. The combination of cereal and legume in intercropping is mostly preferred by the farmers in subsistence farming targeting livelihood security. Experiments carried out on intercropping of some small millets in India and abroad clearly indicated numerous benefits like enhancement of crops productivity, greater resource use efficiency, check in run-off of water and soil conservation in erosion prone areas, prevention of loss of soil nutrients, improvement of soil health, insurance against crop failure under aberrant weather conditions, higher monetary return and benefit-cost ratio. But the performance of all small millets is not tested under intercropping under different regions. There is still insufficiency in research on small millets based intercropping system which can create further scope for agricultural sustainability of drylands.

Productivity potential and profitability of whole package technology in oilseed crops

The productivity of oilseed crops in India is low due to rainfed cultivation, small operational land holdings, lack of varietal replacement (groundnut and sesame), losses due to biotic and abiotic stresses and low adoption of agronomic practices and other improved technologies. There is a potential to increase productivity of oilseeds by using best production practices and right combination of inputs at right time. Several technologies were developedby the All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRP) on oilseed crops that can significantly increase the productivity of oilseeds. Realizing the importance of extending these technologies to farmers, frontlinedemonstrations (FLDs) were conducted. Data from a total of 24,035 FLDs conducted on whole package technology over an area of 9727 ha in nine oilseed crops in different agro-ecological situations of the country during 2014-15 to 2018-19 were analyzed in this paper. The results showed increased yield, gross monetary returns and additional net returns with improved technologies (IT) as compared to farmers' practices. The benefit cost ratio was also higher indicating the profitability of improved technology. In order to speed up the adoption of improved technologies by farmers, there is a need to provide timely access to key inputs like, quality seeds of high yielding cultivars and availability of agro-chemicals in time at village level. There is also a need to forge required partnerships involving extension agencies, state departments of agriculture and input agencies in educating the farmers on the impact of improved technologies, organizing exposure visits to model farms and ensuring timely availability of quality inputsto enhance oilseed productivity and profitability.

Delinquency, Arrest and Early School Leaving*

AbstractBoys typically initiate delinquent behaviour during their teenage years, and many go on to be arrested. We show that engaging in delinquency and being arrested in youth are each associated with early school leaving. The effect of delinquency on school leaving is largely driven by crimes that produce a monetary return, and the increase in school leaving is greater when onset of these types of crime, and arrest, occur at younger ages. The sizeable impact of delinquency on school leaving highlights the need for crime prevention efforts to extend beyond youth who come into contact with the justice system.

Dataset of source-sink manipulation through growth retardant for enhancing productivity and profitability of cotton in north west, India.

Two different field experiments were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda, (1) to manage optimum source-sink relationship through mepiquat chloride (MC) in Bt cotton hybrid and (2) to find feasibility of MC application on non hybrid compact cotton genotype under high density planting system (HDPS) with varied nitrogen levels. Raw data for growth and yield parameters was recorded from each treatment and statistically analysed. In experiment (1), application of MC 75 g active ingredient per hectare (a.i./ha) irrespective of splits between 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) was effective for significant reduction in plant height, increase in bolls per plant as compared to control and de-topping treatments. All these led to significantly highest seed cotton yield (SCY) and monetary returns under MC 75 g a.i./ha as compared to de-topping treatment. In experiment (2) of high density planting of cotton, sympods per plant, bolls per plant, SCY as well as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and monetary returns were increased significantly with 25% increase in recommended dose of nitrogen. Among the growth retardants, application of MC 20 g a.i./ha once and twice reduced plant height, increased sympods and boll per plant significantly which led to significantly higher SCY production as compared to control. Similarly, NUE and monetary returns were also significantly higher under MC treatments as compared to control. Application of MC 75 g a.i./ha in either two or three splits on Bt cotton hybrid under normal plant density and MC 20–40 g a.i./ha on non Bt compact genotype under high plant density optimized source-sink relationship which improve crop productivity and profitability.

Politicians’ payments in a proportional party system

Abstract Are there monetary returns to politics? This question is approached in this paper, as one of few to quantify the monetary returns to holding political office in a country with proportional representation system. I apply a difference-in-difference setting with a carefully chosen control group to rich data on candidates to the Swedish national parliament. Both short- and long-run effects of being elected on different types of income are estimated. Results show that, yes, mostly thanks to relatively high remuneration while still in office, politics can yield positive monetary returns. In the long-run however, the effect is instead compositional in the sense that ex-politicians receive more pension income and work less.

Contribution of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) – Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Intercropping to Productivity of the System in Semi-deciduous Forest Zone of Ghana

This study was conducted to assess the growth, yield and cost effectiveness of okra-cowpea intercropping system at the Plantation Section of Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, during the major rainy season of 2017. The okra was planted on 1st May, 2017 and the cowpea introduced at varying planting dates i.e. at the same time, 1, 2, 3 and 4 WAP. Sole okra and cowpea served as control. The experimental plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven (7) treatments and replicated three (3) times. The data collected were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the treatment means separated by least significance difference (LSD) at 5% probability. Results showed that time of introduction of the cowpea caused a reduction (P < 0.05) in the growth and yield of the component crops. The partial equivalent ratio of cowpea planted at the same time with okra and one week later was greater (P < 0.05) than the component okra whiles that of okra was greater than cowpea in 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The Land Equivalent Ratio of all the intercrops was greater than 1 showing that intercropping okra with cowpea was beneficial. The highest Gross Monetary Returns, Land Equivalent Ratio and Monetary Equivalent Ratio of GHȻ 7,039.40, 1.75 and 1.31, respectively were recorded in okra intercropped with cowpea 2 WAP. Okra sown with cowpea at the same time recorded a disadvantage (0.84) in Monetary Equivalent Ratio. To ensure higher yield and economic returns, cowpea could be introduced into okro 2 weeks after planting okro.

Feasibility analysis of a small-scale rainwater harvesting system for drinking water production at Werrington, New South Wales, Australia

Rainwater harvesting is a well-known method of collecting and storing rainwater that can subsequently be used for different purposes. Most of the recent studies focused on how to use the harvested rainwater effectively to reduce the use of potable water for non-potable usage and ultimately cut down the water demand from the mains. However, studies on rainwater harvesting system have rarely been undertaken for drinking water production at the household level in rural areas, where a centralised water supply system is unavailable. The present study reports the feasibility of a small-scale rainwater harvesting system intended to produce drinking water for rural/isolated communities. A number of parameters such as roof size, tank size, water demand and daily filtration rate were taken into consideration to examine the performance of the rainwater harvesting system. Local meteorological and costing data were used in the study assuming that the system would provide drinking water to a typical household of four people. It is found that the small-scale rainwater harvesting system can satisfy the drinking water demand throughout the year with 90–97% reliability depending on the roof size. In addition, the capacity of monthly water production from different rainwater harvesting systems is presented that can be adopted to increase the reliability further. A life cycle cost analysis of the system is presented including sensitivity analysis. It is found that the preferred rainwater tank size for a household having 100 m2 roof area in Werrington, New South Wales is 5 kL. The system payback time falls between 1 and 6 years depending on the price of the produced drinking water. The cost of the produced drinking water including disinfection and mineral addition is found to be 1.04 AU₵/L. In addition, the intended rainwater harvesting system could result in a monetary return of AU$ 35,494 over its lifetime of 25 years. This study shows that the production of drinking water by rainwater harvesting for rural communities is possible at an affordable cost, which is aligned to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.

Assessment of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] Based Cropping Systems in Mid-Hill Regions of Uttarakhand

The research on productivity, energy-use efficiency and economics of pigeonpea based cropping system, viz., pigeonpea–wheat, pigeonpea – barley, pigeonpea – lentil, pigeonpea – field pea and pigeonpea – toria compared with rice–wheat cropping system was carried out at the Experimental Research Block of School of Agricultural Sciences, SGRRU, Uttarakhand. These cropping systems were evaluated under rainfed conditions. Results showed that all the pigeonpea – based cropping system were significantly superior to traditional rice – wheat cropping system in terms of productivity, net returns, benefit:cost ratio and net energy returns. Pigeonpea – lentil cropping system proved superior in terms of system net returns (Rs 63,616/ha), benefit:cost ratio (1.64) and energy ratio (1.94) to pigeonpea - wheat, pigeonpea – barley, pigeonpea - field pea and pigeonpea - toria cropping system. The plots under rice - wheat cropping system recorded the lowest pigeonpea-equivalent yield (1.32 t/ha), net returns (Rs 2,750/ha) and benefit:cost ratio (0.06). The nutrient status of the soil improved significantly due to pigeonpea – lentil cropping system over other cropping systems. Pigeonpea – lentil cropping system proved to be the best in terms of monetary returns, net energy return and soil productivity and hence, could be adopted in the mid-hill regions under rainfed conditions.

Effect of organic manures on growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L)

The use of organic manures in the agricultural plays a vital role in improving the quality of turmeric as well as improving the soil health. Turmeric is having a close relation with human health; hence demand of organically grown turmeric is increasing tremendously. A field trial was conducted to study the effect of different organic manures (generally recommended fertilizer dose, farmyard manure, vermicompost, press mud compost, poultry manure, sugarcane trash, wheat straw, turmeric trash and jeevamrut ) on the yield and curcumin content of turmeric Cv. Phule Swarupa on Inceptisol at Agricultural Research Station, Dist-Sangli, Maharashtra, India. The trial was conducted on the fixed site of soil for the continuous of five years (2009-2013). The maximum dry yield (62.42 q ha-1) of the turmeric was recorded by application of the general recommended dose of fertilizer (GRDF) i. e. 25 MT FYM + 200:100:100 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 which was at par with the vermicompost (11.36 T ha-1). The highest number of leaves per tiller and number of tillers per plant, plant height and curcumin content was recorded in the GRDF, which was at par with vermicompost. The highest benefit: cost ratio (1.59) was also noticed in GRDF, which was at par with the application of vermicompost (1.54) on a nitrogen basis. The soil available nutrient status was taken into consideration during experimentation. The application of vermicompost (11.36 T ha-1) along with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Azospirillium @ 5 kg ha-1, respectively at the time of planting was found superior for higher dry yield (55.45 q ha-1), net monetary returns (Rs. 137035) and maintenance of soil fertility for organic cultivation of turmeric.

Productivity and profitability of maize as influenced by genotypes, spacing and nutrient levels under irrigated situation

A field experiment was conducted on “Productivity and profitability of maize as influenced by genotypes, pacing and nutrient levels under irrigated situation” during the Kharif 2019 at Agriculture Research Station, Siruguppa, Karnataka, India. It is situated on the latitude of 15o38’ N, longitude 76o54’ E, 380 m elevation from MSL belongs to Northern Dry Zone (Zone 3) of Karnataka. The soil of the experimental site was medium deep black cotton soil with organic carbon content of 0.43 per cent, low in available N (226 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (18 kg ha-1) and high in potassium (380 kg ha-1) content. Trail consisting 12 treatment combinations of 3 genotypes viz.V1: GPMH 1101, V2: GH 0727 and V3: RCRMH 4 in main plots, two spacing S1: 60cm x 20cm and S2:45cm X 20cm in sub plots and two nutrient levels F1:150:75:37.5 kg NPK/ha and F2: 225:112.5:56.5 kg NPK/ha in sub-sub plots laid out in split-split plot design and replicated three times. The experimental results revealed that, among the genotypes, RCRMH 4 recorded higher maize grain (8939 kg ha-1), stover yield (14167 kg ha-1) compared to other genotypes. Spacing did not influenced on grain and stover yield. Maize fertilized with 225:112.56.5 kg NPK/ha registered significantly superior grain (8085 kg/ha) and stover yield (13013 kg/ha) than lower dose. Similarly, maximum gross return (Rs. 140249/ha), net return (Rs.110651/ha) with B: C (4.75) was recorded in RCRMH 4 compared to other genotypes. Application of 225:112.5:56.5 kg NPK/ha gave higher gross, net returns and B: C of Rs. 126989 /ha, Rs. 96034/ha and 4.11, respectively than lower fertilizer dose. Similar trend in cob weight, 100 seed weight, cob length, cob girth, number of grain rows per cob and grain rows per cob were observed in RCRMH 4 and higher dose of fertilizer compared to rest of the genotypes and fertilizer level. But, spacing did not significantly influence on monetary returns.

Effect on yield attributes, yield and economics of different soybean varieties for Bundelkhand region in M.P.

The experiment entitled, “Effect on Yield attributes, Yield and Economics of different Soybean varieties for Bundelkhand region in M.P” was conducted in kharif 2018-19 at Research Farm, J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design allocating fourteen varieties of soybean. For yield attributing character the variety NRC 37 gave the significantly higher number of pods and seeds than most of the remaining varieties. However, this was followed by JS 20-69. The variety JS 20-34 showed poor yield attribute characters. The variation in pod bearing ability among the varieties may be due to variability in the varietal’s inheritance. The varieties NRC 37 recorded significantly higher seed index (13.03 g) showed bigger seed size than other tested varieties. Thereafter, the varieties JS 20-69 and JS 90-41 performed equally well in this parameter (12.00 to 11.02 g). Almost the significantly lowest seed index was noticed in varieties JS 93-05 and NRC 86 (7.92 to 7.93 g). For yield and economics study the variety NRC 37 produced significantly higher seed and Stover yield and proved drought tolerant at flowering and pod formation stage than that of other tested varieties. However, the second best variety was JS 20-69. The other varieties viz. JS 335, JS 95-60, and JS 20-29, also yielded the lowest, because these were adversely affected due to drought. Accordingly, the variety NRC 37 resulted in significantly. The highest harvest index (28.60%) as compared to the remaining varieties of soybean. However, the next best varieties were JS 20-69 (27.36%) and the lowest harvest index is JS 20-29 (25.53%). Amongst the fourteen varieties under test, NRC 37 gave the maximum net monetary return of and B:C ratio This was followed by JS 20-69 and B:C ratio.

Effect on yield attributes, yield and economics of different Soybean varieties for Bundelkhand region in M.P.

The experiment entitled, “Effect on Yield attributes, Yield and Economics of different Soybean varieties for Bundelkhand region in M.P” was conducted in kharif 2018- 19 at Research Farm, J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design allocating fourteen varieties of soybean. For yield attributing character the variety NRC 37 gave the significantly higher number of pods and seeds than most of the remaining varieties. However, this was followed by JS 20-69. The variety JS 20-34 showed poor yield attribute characters. The variation in pod bearing ability among the varieties may be due to variability in the varietal’s inheritance. The varieties NRC 37 recorded significantly higher seed index (13.03 g) showed bigger seed size than other tested varieties. Thereafter, the varieties JS 20-69 and JS 90-41 performed equally well in this parameter (12.00 to 11.02 g). Almost the significantly lowest seed index was noticed in varieties JS 93-05 and NRC 86 (7.92 to 7.93 g). For yield and economics study the variety NRC 37 produced significantly higher seed and Stover yield and proved drought tolerant at flowering and pod formation stage than that of other tested varieties. However, the second best variety was JS 20-69. The other varieties viz. JS 335, JS 95-60, and JS 20-29, also yielded the lowest, because these were adversely affected due to drought. Accordingly, the variety NRC 37 resulted in significantly. The highest harvest index (28.60%) as compared to the remaining varieties of soybean. However, the next best varieties were JS 20-69 (27.36%) and the lowest harvest index is JS 20-29 (25.53%). Amongst the fourteen varieties under test, NRC 37 gave the maximum net monetary return of and B:C ratio This was followed by JS 20-69 and B:C ratio.