Moments Of Maximum Research Articles

Depth-Sensing-Based Algorithm for Chest Morphology Assessment in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

This study introduced a depth-sensing-based approach with robust algorithms for tracking relative morphological changes in the chests of patients undergoing physical therapy. The problem that was addressed was the periodic change in morphological parameters induced by breathing, and since the recording was continuous, the parameters were extracted for the moments of maximum and minimum volumes of the chest (inspiration and expiration moments), and analyzed. The parameters were derived from morphological transverse cross-sections (CSs), which were extracted for the moments of maximal and minimal depth variations, and the reliability of the results was expressed through the coefficient of variation (CV) of the resulting curves. Across all subjects and levels of observed anatomy, the mean CV for CS depth values was smaller than 2%, and the mean CV of the CS area was smaller than 1%. To prove the reproducibility of measurements (extraction of morphological parameters), 10 subjects were recorded in two consecutive sessions with a short interval (2 weeks) where no changes in the monitored parameters were expected and statistical methods show that there was no statistically significant difference between the sessions, which confirms the reproducibility hypothesis. Additionally, based on the representative CSs for inspiration and expirations moments, chest mobility in quiet breathing was examined, and the statistical test showed no difference between the two sessions. The findings justify the proposed algorithm as a valuable tool for evaluating the impact of rehabilitation exercises on chest morphology.

Comparative study on the maximum-pull and tear-off ring method for the measurement of surface tension

The ring method, due to its basic form, is often used in the classroom for an immediate and intuitive grasp of concept of surface tension. Yet, during the measuring process, the large and small results trouble the students. The large values are obtained from the maximum-pull, and the small from the tear-off moment. In this paper, we demonstrate a series of rings with different thicknesses to investigate these two moments. In the water measurement, by subtracting the weight of the liquid raised by the ring or replacing the ring-diameter with tearing-diameter for the moments of maximum pull and film breaking, respectively, a corrected surface tension is obtained. The same correction is also applied in the determination of ethylene glycol and ethanol, but only the moment of maximum pull is applicable. These experimental results are interesting, and will largely stimulate students to understand the concept of surface tension and the ring method of measurement.

Limit Theorem for the Moment of Maximum of a Random Walk Reaching a Fixed Level in the Region of Moderate Deviations

Limit Theorem for the Moment of Maximum of a Random Walk Reaching a Fixed Level in the Region of Moderate Deviations

A NEW APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF LIGHT CURVES OF PULSATING RR LYRAE STARS WITH THE BLAZHKO EFFECT

We discuss the new approach for the analysis of the long-term dense series of observations of RR Lyr-type pulsating stars with the Blazhko effect. The standard way, namely The frequency analysis of the O–C values for the times of maxima does not allow for to detection of the complex nature of the periodic changes in the shape of the light curves, including bi-cyclicity. We have shown the perspectives of a new approach on the example of the analysis of FISge variable observations containing a total of 55 observational nights during a period of five years (AZT-3 Telescope, Mayaki Observational Station, SRI “Astronomical Observatory”, I. I. Mechnikov ONU). The study is based on the data obtained by S. N. Udovichenko during the 2013 and 2014 observational seasons as well as on data obtained by S. N. Udovichenko and the author during the 2018 observational season. Our results show that in order to understand the features in the shape of the light curve variations for RR Lyr type pulsating stars with the Blazhko effect, it is necessary to have data for full cycles of variability over a long time, and not just the moments of maxima.

Moments and polynomial expansions in discrete matrix-analytic models

Calculation of factorial moments and point probabilities is considered in integer-valued matrix-analytic models at a finite horizon T. Two main settings are considered, maxima of integer-valued downward skipfree Lévy processes and Markovian point process with batch arrivals (BMAPs). For the moments of the finite-time maxima, the procedure is to approximate the time horizon T by an Erlang distributed one and solve the corresponding matrix Wiener–Hopf factorization problem. For the BMAP, a structural matrix-exponential representation of the factorial moments of N(T) is derived. Moments are then used as a computational vehicle to provide a converging Gram–Charlier series for the point probabilities. Topics such as change-of-measure techniques and time inhomogeneity are also discussed.

OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM DESIGN USING SIMULATED ANNEALING

This paper investigated the optimization of a singly reinforced concrete beam using the simulated annealing. The enhancement of minimum cost of structures and the adoption of the algorithm method of simulated annealing were projected in resolving the complications of constraints associated with optimization problems. The variables are the width, depth, compression steel, tension steel, and cost. The constraints are steel ratios, ultimate moment of resistance, maximum and minimum area of reinforcements while materials costs are considered as the objective function. It is demonstrated that using the concrete compressive strength of 25MPa, simulated annealing can be used to optimize the design of concrete beams effectively. The results also indicate that the complications connected to the actual and genuine evaluation of costs of structures and the connectivity with the compulsory restraints can be adequately resolved using this method.

Optimization of Singly Reinforced Beam Design Using Simulated Annealing

This paper investigated the optimization of a singly reinforced concrete beam using the Simulated Annealing. The code provisions usually lead to the overestimation of reinforcement and thus an expensive cost of construction. The optimized design reduces the cost significantly. There are many methods of structural optimization but Simulated Annealing has been found to very efficient for constrained optimization of reinforced concrete beam design. The variables considered are the width, depth, compression steel, tension steel, and cost while the constraints are steel ratios, ultimate moment of resistance, maximum and minimum areas of reinforcements Materials costs are considered as the objective function. It is demonstrated that using the concrete compressive strength of 25MPa, Simulated Annealing can be used to optimize the design of concrete beams effectively. The results also indicate that the complications connected to the actual and genuine evaluation of costs of structures and the connectivity with the compulsory restraints can be adequately resolved using this method.

On the distribution of the maximum of the telegraph process

In this paper we present the distribution of the maximum of the telegraph process in the cases where the initial velocity is positive or negative with an even and an odd number of velocity reversals. For the telegraph process with positive initial velocity a reflection principle is proved to be valid while in the case of an initial leftward displacement the conditional distributions are perturbed by a positive probability of never visiting the half positive axis. Various relationships are established among the mentioned four classes of conditional distributions of the maximum. The unconditional distributions of the maximum of the telegraph process are obtained for positive and negative initial steps as well as their limiting behaviour. Furthermore the cumulative distributions and the general moments of the conditional maximum are presented.

Orbital variability of the optical linear polarization of the γ-ray binary LS I +61° 303 and new constraints on the orbital parameters

We studied the variability of the linear polarization and brightness of the γ-ray binary LS I +61° 303. High-precision BVR photopolarimetric observations were carried out with the Dipol-2 polarimeter on the 2.2 m remotely controlled UH88 telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory and the 60 cm Tohoku telescope at Haleakala bservatory (Hawaii) over 140 nights in 2016−2019. We also determined the degree and angle of the interstellar polarization toward LS I +61° 303 using two out of four nearby field stars that have Gaia’s parallaxes. After subtracting the interstellar polarization, we determined the position angle of the intrinsic polarization θ ≃ 11°, which can either be associated with the projection of the Be star’s decretion disk axis on the plane of sky, or can differ from it by 90°. Using the Lomb-Scargle method, we performed timing analyses and period searches of our polarimetric and photometric data. We found statistically significant periodic variability of the normalized Stokes parameters q and u in all passbands. The most significant period of variability, PPol = 13.244 ± 0.012 d, is equal to one half of the orbital period Porb = 26.496 d. The fits of the polarization variability curves with Fourier series show a dominant contribution from the second harmonic which is typical for binary systems with circular orbits and nearly symmetric distribution of light scattering material with respect to the orbital plane. The continuous change of polarization with the orbital phase implies co-planarity of the orbit of the compact object and the Be star’s decretion disk. Using a model of Thomson scattering by a cloud that orbits the Be star, we obtained constraints on the orbital parameters, including a small eccentricity e < 0.2 and periastron phase of ϕp ≈ 0.6, which coincides with the peaks in the radio, X-ray, and TeV emission. These constraints are independent of the assumption about the orientation of the decretion disk plane on the sky. We also extensively discuss the apparent inconsistency with the previous measurements of the orbital parameters from radial velocities. By folding the photometry data acquired during a three-year time span with the orbital period, we found a linear phase shift of the moments of the brightness maximum, confirming the possible existence of superorbital variability.

Evaluating the project completion time when activity networks follow beta distribution

By using a recursive method, we determine the project completion time when the activity times are distributed according to a beta distribution. The [Formula: see text]th moment of the maximum of non-identical independent random variables following this distribution-type is evaluated. Applicability and appropriateness of the beta model are illustrated by some examples, which show that the suggested estimate program evaluted and review technique of the project completion time is located between the lower bound estimate (PERT) and the upper estimate that was obtained by Kambarowski An upper bound on the expected completion time of PERT networks, Eur. J. Oper. Res. 21(2) (1985b) 206–212. Moreover, this estimate gives less values of the approximation errors than most of the other known estimates.

A Methodology for the Fast Comparison of Streamwater Diurnal Cycles at Two Monitoring Points

There are numerous streamwater parameters that exhibit a diurnal cycle. However, the shape of this cycle has a huge variation from one parameter to another and from one monitoring point to another on the same river. Important variations also occur at the same point during some events, such as high waters. Water level, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, and pH of the Suceava River were monitored for 365 days (2018–2019, hourly sampling frequency) in order to assess the upstream-downstream changes in the diurnal cycle of these parameters, some of these changes being caused by the impact of Suceava city, which is located between the selected monitoring points. The multiresolution analysis of the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform and the wavelet coherence analysis were combined in a flexible methodology that helped in comparing the upstream and downstream shapes of the diurnal cycle. The methodology allowed for a fast comparison of diurnal profiles during periods of high waters or baseflow. Notable changes were observed in the moments of diurnal maxima and minima.

Engaging With Contemporary Dance: What Can Body Movements Tell us About Audience Responses?

In live performances seated audiences have restricted opportunities for response. Some responses are obvious, such as applause and cheering, but there are also many apparently incidental movements including posture shifts, fixing hair, scratching and adjusting glasses. Do these movements provide clues to people's level of engagement with a performance? Our basic hypothesis is that audience responses are part of a bi-directional system of audience-performer communication. This communication is part of what distinguishes live from recorded performance and underpins live performers' moment-to-moment sense of how well a performance is going. Here we investigate the range of visible real-time movements of audiences in four live contemporary dance performances. Video recordings of performers and audiences were analyzed using computer vision techniques for extracting face, hand and body movement data. The meaning of audience movements were analyzed by comparing clips of the audience at moments of maximum and minimum movement to expert and novice judges. The results show that audience clips with the lowest overall movement are judged as displaying the highest engagement. In addition, we found that while there is no systematic relationship between audience and dancers movement, hands seem to play an especially significant role since they move significantly more compared to the rest of the body. We draw on these findings to argue that collective stillness is an especially salient signal of audience engagement.

Immediate Effects of Ankle Tapes on Dynamic Postural Control and Kinematics in Chronic Ankle Instability

Numerous taping methods have been used to prevent ankle sprains in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). The effects of different taping methods on dynamic postural control in patients with CAI, however, are not fully understood. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of traditional taping (TT), fibular repositioning taping (FRT), and kinesiology taping (KT) on joint angles and modified Y-balance test (YBT) performance in participants with and without CAI. METHODS: A total of 28 subjects (14 CAI: age = 24.07 ± 4.46 yr, height = 175.16 ± 5.10 cm, weight = 82.24±10.38 kg; 14 Healthy: age = 27.57 ± 3.23 yr, height = 169.61 ± 8.33 cm, weight = 76.98 ± 17.95 kg) participated in the study. Subjects performed three trials of the modified YBT before and after receiving TT, FRT, and KT. Hip, knee, and ankle joint angles in sagittal and frontal planes at the moment of maximum reach distance in the anterior (Ant), posterolateral (PL), and posteromedial (PM) directions were collected. Each reach distance was measured and a composite score (CS) was calculated. A 2-way mixed ANOVA (2 groups * 4 conditions) was performed to examine differences across treatments (baseline [BL], TT, FRT, KT). RESULTS: Significant interactions were not found. However, a significant decrease in PM reach distance was found across all tape applications for both groups (F(1.97,51.16) = 55.58, p < .05, η2 = .68). KT and FRT resulted in significant improvement in the modified YBT CS compared with TT (Healthy: KT = 92.24 ± 5.72%, p < .05, TT = 89.76 ± 5.97%; p < .05, FRT = 91.83 ± 6.53%; p < .05; CAI: KT = 90.01 ± 6.49%; p < .05, TT = 86.63 ± 6.83%; p < .05, FRT = 87.88 ± 8.39%; p < .05). The CS was also significantly increased when comparing KT to BL (Healthy: BL = 90.91 ± 7.28%; p < .01, KT = 92.24 ± 5.72%, p < .05; CAI: BL = 87.47 ± 6.62%; p < .05, KT = 90.01 ± 6.49%). Analysis of kinematic data revealed a significant increase in dorsiflexion during the PM reach when KT was applied (F(2.26,58.66) = 3.89, p < .05, η2 = .13). CONCLUSIONS: Even though PM reach distance significantly decreased after applying any of the tape conditions, only KT significantly increased DF and an improved YBT CS compared to BL. The findings suggest KT might enhance dynamic postural control more than the other tape applications. Further research is necessary to explain the mechanism for these changes after KT application.

Asymptotic expansions of density of normalized extremes from logarithmic general error distribution

ABSTRACTLogarithmic general error distribution is an extension of the log-normal distribution. In this paper, the asymptotic expansions of densities of normalized maximum from logarithmic general error distribution are derived under two different kinds of normalized constants. By applying the main results, the higher-order expansions of moments of maxima are established.

The moment of maximum normed randomly weighted sums of martingale differences

By using some inequalities and properties of martingale differences, we investigate the moment of maximum normed randomly weighted sums of martingale differences under some weakly conditions. A sufficient condition to the moment of this stochastic sequence with maximum norm is presented in this paper.

Analysis on Thermal Stresses Adaptability to High Grade Asphalt Pavement Structure in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Permafrostregions have harsh climate conditions, continuous low temperature, abrupt cooling, large temperature difference, winds, etc. It has an extremely obvious influencetoasphalt pavement structures and materials. Take Lhasa-Gongga airport highway as an example to analyze the low temperature cracking problem of asphalt pavement caused by the climatic conditions. Using finite element method to contrast and analyze the thermal stresses variation of different asphalt layer, and recommend suitable asphalt pavement structure for Qinghai-Tibet plateau permafrost regions.The results indicate that the thermal stresses of asphalt layer gradually reduce along with the thickness direction of structure, moment of maximum and minimum value also been delayed and thermal stresses of base cause is fairly few. It can reduce thermal stresses of base cause and asphalt layer effectively while using the AC-25, and 4cmAC13 + 6cmAC20 + 8cmAC25 is recommended for Lhasa-Gonggaairport highway pavement structure type.

Incorporating daily rainfalls to derive rainfall DDF relationships at ungauged sites in Hong Kong and quantifying their uncertainty

Rainfall depth-duration-frequency (DDF) relationships are essential inputs for the design and management of various hydrosystem infrastructures (e.g., urban drainages, dams, dykes, etc.). In many cases, rainfall DDF relationships are required at a location where there is no gauge. However, due to the presence of intrinsic randomness of the precipitation process, limited rainfall record, and spatial interpolation, the derived DDF relationships at ungauged sites are subject to uncertainty. This is especially true in Hong Kong with regard to record length. To enhance the utilization of available rainfall data, a daily precipitation-based DDF generation framework for conventional rain gauges in Hong Kong has been developed by the authors utilizing a scaling model. In this article, the methodological framework is extended to derive rainfall DDF relationships at ungauged sites. Owing to the nonlinearity and complexity of the modeling process, exact statistical features of derived DDF relationships are difficult to obtain. In this study, Harr’s probabilistic point estimation method, known for its computational simplicity and accuracy, is applied to quantify the uncertainty features of rainfall DDF relationships derived for ungauged sites in Hong Kong. For illustration, four locations in different geographical locations in Hong Kong are considered. The results show that the uncertainty associated with the estimated statistical moments of annual maximum daily rainfall is significant in contributing to the overall uncertainty of derived rainfall DDF relationships.

Fast discharge in a spherical cavity

The work is devoted to the study of the plasma, created by a fast discharge in a spherical cavity. The discharge was driven by an inductive storage with plasma erosion opening switch (dI/dt ∼1012 A/s). The plasma was produced in a spherical cavity (alumina, 11 mm diameter). Xe, Ar, and He at the pressure 80 Pa were used as working gases. The time evolution of the spatial structure and of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra of the discharge plasma was studied by means of micro channel plate detector. The discharges with Xe and Ar resulted in the stable appearance of the spherically shaped plasma with the diameter about 1–3 mm. The plasma emission in the EUV region lasts ∼500 ns. The EUV spectrum of Ar discharge at the moment of maximum of the electron temperature Te contains the lines of Ar X (ionization potential 478.7 eV), that indicates a value of Te in the range 50–100 eV. The mechanism of plasma appearance can be the cumulation of the convergent spherical shock wave, generated by fast heat deposition and magnetic pressure in working media near the inner surface of the discharge volume.

Variability of the Rotation Period of the White Dwarf in the Magnetic Cataclysmic Binary System EX Hya

The observations of the two-periodic magnetic cataclysmic system EX Hya have been carried out, using the telescopes RC16 and TOA-150 of the Tzec Maun observatory. 6 nights of observations were obtained in 2010-2011 (alternatively changing filters VR). Also the databases of WASP, ASAS and AAVSO have been analyzed. Processing time series was carried out using the program MCV. We analyzed changes in the rotation period of the white dwarf, and based on our own and previously published moments of maximum. The ephemeris was determined for the maxima of the radiation flux associated with the rotation of the magnetic white dwarf: Tmax=2437699.89079(59) +0.0465464808(69).E-6.3(2)*10^{-13}E^2, which corresponds to the characteristic timescale of the rotation spin-up of 4.67(14)*10^6 years. This contradicts the estimated value of the mass of the white dwarf of 0.42M_\odot, based on X-ray observations made by Yuasa et al (2010), however, is consistent with estimates of the masses of 0.79 M_\odot (white dwarf) and 0.108 M_\odot (red dwarf) previously published Beuermann and Reinsch (2008), and the assumption that the capture of accreted plasma by magnetic field of the white dwarf is near the border of the Roche lobe. Analyzed moments do not support the assumption of Mauche et al (2009) for a statistically significant cubic term in the ephemeris. Despite the presence of outbursts in EX Hya, there are significant differences from the DO Dra, which supports the introduction to a detailed classification of the intermediate polars the groups of "outbursting intermediate polars" and "magnetic dwarf novae."

Asymptotic expansions for moments of skew-normal extremes

In this short note, we focus on the limiting behaviors of moments for normalized partial maxima of skew-normal samples. Under optimal norming constants, asymptotic expansions for moments of maxima of skew-normal samples are derived. These expansions are used to deduce convergence rates of moments of the normalized maxima to the moments of the corresponding extreme value distribution.