Molten State Research Articles

Lubrication of ice cream: Effect of different structural elements

The lubrication properties of food are considered to be closely related to complex sensorial attributes such as creaminess and mouthcoating. In ice cream, these properties can be presumed to be partly linked to the product's melting. It is still unclear how to measure the lubrication properties of ice cream during the melting process and which ice cream characteristics affect lubrication. In this study, a new method was developed to measure the lubrication properties of ice cream both during melting and in a molten state. Different structural elements, including fat content, ice fraction, fat aggregation, viscosity and overrun, were modified to identify the main factors influencing lubrication. Representative tribological parameters were extracted from the tribological curves and were related to ice cream characteristics. Using a tribometer with adjustable probe height, lubrication properties throughout the entire melting process could be measured. The results showed that lubrication behavior of ice cream were mainly positively influenced by the ice fraction and overrun, while the fat content mainly affected the lubrication behavior of molten ice cream. Fat aggregation and serum phase viscosity did not appear to have a significant effect on the lubrication properties during melting. In addition, the penetration distance of the probe into the ice cream samples was measured during the melting process, providing an alternative method to characterize the melting profile of ice cream. This distance was related to changes in the hardness, which were mostly influenced by the ice fraction and overrun. This study indicates that different structural features determine the lubrication properties of ice cream in different melting regimes, and the proposed methodology may provide new possibilities for measuring melting behavior or hardness during the melting process.

Femtosecond laser welding of sapphire-copper using a thin film titanium interlayer

The ability to weld metals and sapphire is widely required in aerospace, micro-electro-mechanical systems and microwave energy delivery devices. The experiments of femtosecond laser welding between sapphire and copper (Cu) were conducted under non-optical contact conditions. And the effect of pre-fabricating a Ti film on the sapphire surface using femtosecond laser on the bonding strength of ssapphire/Cu joint was investigated. The interface of the sapphire/Cu directly welded by femtosecond laser contains a mixture of sapphire and copper, and the shear strength of the sapphire/Cu interface was approximately 46.4 MPa. The results indicated that the laser-induced molten state of sapphire and the laser-ablated copper mixed together at the interface, filling the gaps and forming an effective metallurgical bond. And then, in the case that the Ti film was prepared on the sapphire surface through femtosecond laser-induced backward transfer (LIBT), a Ti transition layer between sapphire and cooper was observed on the bonding interface of the joint, and the shear strength of the joint increased to approximately 115.5 MPa. A mixture of sapphire, copper, titanium, and titanium oxide was observed at the interface of the joint. The Ti layer between sapphire and copper may effectively alleviated residual stresses at the interface and promoted bonding between copper and sapphire, thereby improving the strength of the joint. The methods and results of this study have reference value for the ultrafast laser bonding between other transparent brittle materials and metals.

Sustainable Composite Materials Based on Carnauba Wax and Montmorillonite Nanoclay for Energy Storage.

Sustainable composite materials, including carnauba wax, can store energy in the form of latent heat, and containing the wax may allow form-stable melting and crystallization cycles to be performed. Here, it is shown that carnauba wax in the molten state and the abundant nanoclay montmorillonite form stable composites with mass ratios of 50-70% (w/w). Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals the inhomogeneous distribution of the nanoclay in the wax matrix. Analyses with infrared and multinuclear solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy prove the chemical inertness of the composite materials during preparation. No new phases are formed according to studies with powder X-ray diffraction. The addition of the nanoclay increases the thermal conductivity and prevents the leakage of the phase change material, as well as reducing the time intervals of the cycle of accumulation and the return of heat. The latent heat increases in the row 69.5 ± 3.7 J/g, 95.0 ± 2.5 J/g, and 107.9 ± 1.7 J/g for the composite materials containing resp. 50%, 60% and 70% carnauba wax. Analysis of temperature-dependent 13C cross-polarization solid-state NMR spectra reveal the enhanced amorphization and altered molecular dynamics of the carnauba wax constituents in the composite materials. The amorphization also defines changes in the thermal transport mechanism in the composites compared to pure wax at elevated temperatures.

Rheological and Functional Properties of Mechanically Recycled Post-Consumer Rigid Polyethylene Packaging Waste.

The properties of recycled post-consumer rigid polyethylene packaging waste were studied, using sorted waste washed in the laboratory with water alone and with added detergent, and compared with large-scale high-intensity washed flakes. The washed flakes were compounded using three different temperature profiles in a twin-screw extruder and then injection molded. A higher compounding temperature reduced the thermo-oxidative stability, the average molecular mass, and the viscosity of the samples. Rheological measurements suggested that changes in chain branching occurred at different compounding temperatures. The strength and the elongation at break were also influenced by the compounding temperature in both the molten and solid states. Detergent washing maintained the thermo-oxidative stability in contrast to washing with water. The large-scale washed samples had a relatively high thermo-oxidative stability, a higher melt elasticity, and a lower elongation at break in both the molten and solid states than the laboratory-scale washed samples. The thermal properties, melt elasticity, Young's modulus, yield stress, and yield strain of the samples were not, however, significantly affected by either the compounding temperature or the washing medium and intensity. The results indicated that recycled post-consumer rigid polyethylene packaging waste has properties that can support further applications in new products.

Tribo-mechanical and structural characterizations of LLDPE matrix bio-composite reinforced with almond shell micro-particles: effects of the processing methodology

Abstract The objective of this research work is to examine the effect of mixing operation in the reinforcement of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) with almond shell powder (ASP). Two groups of bio-composites mixed in solid state and melt extrusion state were developed by the standard thermo compression molding process. For each group of bio-composites developed, the mass percentage of ASP was varied from 5 % to 40 %. Tensile and friction tests and micro structural analyzes were carried out. The main results show that the addition of ASP particles: decreases the maximum tensile stress and increases the rigidity of the two types of bio-composites produced. A significant improvement was observed in terms of maximum stress and Young’s modulus of the bio-composites mixed in the molten state compared to those mixed in the solid state. Microscopic observations concluded that the melt-blended ASPs were better covered by the LLDPE matrix and the dispersion was successfully achieved. Friction tests have shown an improvement in tribological performance thanks to the addition of an optimal percentage of ASP equal to 20 % in the case of bio-composites mixed in the molten state. From this research work, it can be concluded that the LLDPE/ASP homogenization method influences the mechanical and tribological properties of bio-composites.

Cooperative competition between melt-phase and void during micro-spallation and recompression

Dynamic tensile (micro-spallation) fracture and subsequent recompression in a molten state is the key physical process for metallic materials undergoing multiple intense dynamic loadings. However, there still lacks in-depth analysis of the complete evolution process from damage accumulation to recompression, as well as the influence of damage history on subsequent deformation and fracture. In the present work, the mechanism of cooperative competition evolution between the melt-phase and voids has been proposed as a new perspective to investigate damage evolution. Various important physical phenomena discovered in larger-scale MD simulations of molten aluminum can be self-consistently explained according to the proposed mechanism, such as the rate-dependence of spall strength and the pressure oscillation. The recompression-after-damage and second fracture process are discussed in detail to analyze the damage history effect. Under the present framework, two theoretical models have been proposed from the perspective of void and melt-phase evolution, respectively. The proposed models agree well with the simulation results and provide a comprehensive understanding of the damage evolutionary characteristics.

Environmental fatigue crack growth of PV glass/EVA laminates in the melting range

AbstractThe delamination of encapsulants in photovoltaic (PV) modules is a common issue that leads to power loss due to optical losses. Encapsulant debonding is usually examined under monotonic loading conditions subsequent to environmental exposure such as damp heat. Service‐relevant, superimposed environmental‐mechanical fatigue loads are not considered adequately. Hence, the environmental fatigue delamination resistance of thermally toughened double glass laminates with an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) adhesive layer was investigated in this study. Focus was given to the melting range of EVA, in which the non‐crosslinked crystalline phase fraction is already in the partly molten state. Double cantilever beam specimens were tested on an electrodynamic test machine at temperatures of 60, 70, 80, and 90°C and relative humidity (rh) levels of 2%, 30%, 50%, and 80%. The fractured surfaces were characterized by digital microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The cyclic fatigue tests revealed a decay in delamination resistance at elevated temperature and humidity levels. At 70°C, the delamination resistance was low, regardless of the relative humidity. Most of the laminates failed by debonding. XPS analysis showed a reduction of the C=O and C–O content, along with an increase in Si–O content with increasing relative humidity. For laminates tested at 60 and 70°C, an EVA recrystallization peak was observed in DSC experiments. This peak was shifted to significantly higher temperatures at 80% rh. XPS and DSC indicated local hydrolysis within the porous fracture process zone ahead of the crack tip. Consequently, acetic acid formation led to a decrease in delamination resistance, resulting in lower fatigue threshold values. The investigations confirmed the significant impact of environmental conditions on the fatigue delamination resistance within glass/encapsulant laminates. Notably, acetic acid formation and a significant reduction in delamination properties were observed after around 100 h of environmental fatigue exposure.

Absorption spectra of 1-methylnaphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, and perylene in the liquid phase

We studied absorption spectra of aromatic liquids to understand exitonic property and molecular configuration. We measured the absorption spectra of 1-methylnaphthalene liquid at room temperature, and of anthracene, pyrene, and perylene liquids in the molten state at just above their melting points. The absorption band positions were similar to those seen in the spectra obtained with the compounds in solution, indicating that the electronic structure as an isolated molecule is preserved to some extent in the liquid phase. For anthracene, pyrene, and perylene liquids, characteristic differences in the shapes of the spectra compared with the spectra of the compounds in solution were observed. In fact, absorbance in the shorter wavelength region of the absorption bands was pronounced in the spectra for the liquids, indicating that a sandwich-type dimer in the ground state coexist with isolated monomers in these liquids.

Process Optimization and Mechanism Study for Sulfur Recovery from High-Silica Phosphogypsum via Carbothermal Reduction Smelting.

Phosphogypsum produced from wet-processed phosphoric acid mainly consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate, which is an important sulfur resource. The traditional sulfuric acid and cement process based on phosphogypsum suffers from unstable cement quality owing to impurities such as phosphorus and fluorine and kiln ringing caused by the low-melting phase. This study investigated sulfur recovery and value-added utilization of liquid slag from high-silica phosphogypsum via carbothermal reduction smelting. A phosphogypsum ingredient (PGI) system was constructed by adding appropriate amounts of silica, alumina, magnesium oxides, and iron oxides to meet the production requirements of slag wool. Carbothermal reduction smelting experiments suggested that the temperature and C/S molar ratio significantly affected the desulfurization rate and phase structure of the slag. More than 97.44 wt % of sulfur could be recovered with a C/S molar ratio of 0.5-0.8 at 1300 °C or above in the molten state, and the molten slag was an amorphous magnesium-calcium-aluminosilicate. The PGI desulfurization mechanism is discussed based on the phase transformation and slag microstructure evolution.

Surface ionic coordination of Al2O3–CaO–based molten slag induced by structural relaxation

AbstractThe surface tensions of molten oxides depend strongly on the structural relaxation of the surface region. The mechanism of surface structural relaxation for molten oxide slags is complex. The surface tension of calcium aluminate slag is minimal at an intermediate composition, although the critical reason has not been identified. Here, two novel approaches were used to evaluate the features of surface ionic structures in the molten state for the range of 25–50 mol% Al2O3: (1) X‐ray absorption analysis of oxygen and cationic elements in glass samples after surface relaxation treatment, and (2) molecular dynamics simulations, based on a polarizable‐ion model, of the ionic distribution in a molten slag with vacuum/melt interfaces. The results indicate that bridging oxygen (BO) ions are preferred to non‐BOs in the surface region. In calcium aluminate slag, BOs are formed by connecting two AlO4 tetrahedrons with charge compensation of two Al3+ ions with one Ca2+ ion. Additionally, the above approaches were used to qualify the effect on the surface ionic structure of adding 1–20 mol% SiO2 to the calcium aluminate slag. The results indicated that the SiO4 tetrahedrons incorporate the vertex connection with AlO4 tetrahedrons to form BOs in the surface region.

An Investigation about Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behaviour of the TIG - MIG Hybrid Welded Dissimilar UNS 2205 and is 2062 Steels

The connecting of contrasting metals, namely double stainless steel to steel made of carbon, has taken place. performed using a hybrid welding system. A TIG and MIG welding joining based hybrid joining method was designed. The microstructures of the dissimilar metal joints were studied and the grains are coarser as contrast to the use of a single the welding process process by itself. With the addition of TIG welding to the process of MIG welding, the water-holding capacity of the metal in molten state pool is significantly improved. The nominal corrosion behaviour of the weldments was found better than the single arc welding system alone. The passivation behaviour of the joints was in the similar line to that of double stainless steel base metal. The pitting resistance of the joints in 1 M NaCl solution was inferior to the base metals.

The effect of physical compatibilization and dynamic vulcanization on the properties of thermoplastic vulcanizates derived from polypropylene and natural rubber blends

This interesting study investigated the effect of Maleic Anhydride-grafted-Polypropylene/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (PP-g-MA/ENR) as a compatibilizing agent (CA) on the properties of a 30/70 Polypropylene/Natural Rubber PP/NR blends. The effect of dynamic vulcanization with sulfur-donors (i.e.: Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) and 4,4 Dithiodimorpholine (DTDM)) which were used as vulcanizing agents was also reported. Several formulations of TPVs with different concentrations of CA (from 5 to 15 phr) were prepared by mixing in the molten state using a Haake Rheocord 90. The structural analysis of dual compatibilizer was examined by FTIR spectroscopy. The rheological behavior was examined using Haake Rheocord 90. The mechanical properties were determined by the tensile measurements. The dynamic mechanical thermal properties were investigated by DMA. A morphological examination was conducted using SEM Microscopy, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed reactions between the MA group in PP-g-MA and the epoxy groups in ENR, resulting in ENR-grafted PP with an ester and acid-based linkage. The Haake plastograms revealed a proportional increase in the final mixing torque value with the increasing content of CA. The mechanical results exhibited higher values in terms of tensile strength and Young’s modulus for the TPVs containing CA compared to un-compatibilized ones. The compatibilized TPV blends exhibited a noteworthy increase in storage modulus and a notable decrease in loss tangent values with the CA concentration increased. Furthermore, the TPVs show two distinct-phase morphologies. That is, the TPV with CA showed the presence of smaller vulcanized rubber particles dispersed within the PP matrix, a phenomenon that becomes more pronounced with higher CA contents.

Neural network molecular dynamics study of LiGe2(PO4)3: Investigation of structure

Machine learning interatomic potential for LiGe2(PO4)3 in a form of a set of neural networks (DeePMD-model) was trained on DFT data. DFT simulations in GGA PBE approximation were performed for ordered and disordered LiGe2(PO4)3 supercell with 432 atoms which allowed the developed potential to describe crystalline, molten and glassy states. The developed DeePMD-potential was verified using literature and our experimental data demonstrating good agreement with it. Neural network molecular dynamic simulations indicate that P atoms have tetrahedral oxygen environment in both crystalline and glassy state. Coordination environment of Ge atoms is more complex. They have octahedral oxygen environment in crystalline state and mixed environment in glassy state: 4-, 5- and 6-coordinated Ge atoms were found. It was shown by calculation of orientational order parameters that in glassy LiGe2(PO4)3 4-coordinated Ge atoms have tetrahedral oxygen environment, while 6-coordinated Ge atoms have octahedral oxygen environment. Analysis of O-Ge-O angle distribution for 5-coordinated Ge atoms in glassy LiGe2(PO4)3 demonstrates that the environment of Ge atoms in this case is represented by various structures: square pyramids, trigonal bipyramids and transitional structures from 5-coordinated Ge atoms to tetrahedrons.

Solid-state steelmaking by scrap consolidation: A processing pathway with minimal energy and CO2 burdens

The energy demand and CO2 emissions of the steel processing industry are a global challenge. During conventional steel processing, the treatment of iron ore and steel in a molten state heavily contributes to this problem. This paper provides an in-depth investigation of the benefits and technical requirements of an alternative processing pathway with minimal energy and CO2 burdens. Our proposed method, scrap metal consolidation (SMC) by rolling, is adapted from roll bonding, a scalable metal bonding technique, commonly used for niche composite applications to achieve material properties unattainable by monolithic alloy design. SMC transforms steel scrap into hot rolled steel in solid state without melting. Based on pre-published high-fidelity industrial data, we determined that processing hot rolled steel from scrap in the solid state would consume 94% less energy compared to the primary steel processing route with 94% less CO2 burden. Compared to conventional recycling methods, the energy savings of SMC would be 86%, with an 84% decrease in CO2 emissions. The proposed method is described in detail, and the process windows for AISI 1008 mild steel and SS304 stainless steel were determined in terms of rolling temperature and reduction using a lab-scale rolling mill at a temperature range of 700–1100 °C. The formability of the consolidated mild steel is also evaluated via the hemisphere punch test, a standard industrial test for assessing the formability of sheet metals. While the fracture height of consolidated specimens is in the 9.27–10.62 mm range, the monolithic sample has a fracture height of 10.34 mm. The test results show that the consolidated sheets have comparable formability to monolithic specimens. These investigations altogether demonstrate that SMC-by-rolling is a feasible and environmentally sustainable alternative for conventional steelmaking or recycling processes.

Research on the recycling of waste lithium battery electrode materials using ammonium sulfate roasting

Owing to resource limitations, environmental pollution concerns, and the increasing global demand for lithium-ion battery raw materials, the recycling of discarded electrode materials from lithium-ion batteries has emerged as a prominent research area. Nevertheless, among various types of discarded lithium battery electrode materials, limited research has been conducted on the recycling of ternary electrode materials (LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2). This study proposes an eco-friendly process for the efficient recovery of valuable metals and carbon from mixed materials of discarded ternary lithium-ion battery electrodes. This study investigated the influence of various roasting using ammonium sulfate and leaching conditions on the conversion and extraction rates of valuable metals. Under the condition of a 3:1 mass ratio of ammonium sulfate to lithium battery electrode mixed material, roasting temperature of 450 °C, roasting time of 30 min, liquid-solid ratio of 20:1, leaching time of 20 min, and leaching temperature of 60 °C, the recovery rates of various valuable metals including Li, Ni, Co, and Mn reached 99.99%. For the above process, the chemical control reaction prevailed in the initial 10 min of the roasting reaction, succeeded by the dominance of diffusion control reaction in the subsequent 20 min. In the leaching process, the chemical control reaction governed the first 2 min, succeeded by diffusion control reaction for the next 18 min. Analysis of the reaction's macroscopic and microscopic mechanisms reveals that ammonium sulfate roasting of waste ternary lithium-ion batteries constitutes a typical liquid-solid reaction. In the molten state, NH4+ decomposition releases high-energy H+ ions that break the bonds between metals and oxygen. Consequently, metal atoms from the waste battery's crystal structure combine with ammonium sulfate's sulfate groups, forming various metal sulfates. This paper establishes an eco-friendly process for the efficient recovery of valuable metals by employing the ammonium sulfate roasting method to convert valuable metals in discarded electrode mixed materials into water-soluble sulfates.

Glueless formaldehyde-free biocomposites with high strength based on the three-dimensional structure of wood fibres

The efficient utilization of small-diameter shrub resources holds significant potential in averting forest resource waste and mitigating carbon emissions. Herein, glueless biocomposites were prepared using waste small-diameter Buxus megistophylla via alkali pre-treatment and thermal molding. Instead of simple hot-pressing, the biocomposites were prepared using thermal molding, which allows the release of edge stresses in a high-pressure environment. After alkali pretreatment, the flexural and tensile strength of the biocomposites increased by 66.08% and 74.12%. Alkali pre-treatment forms reactive alkali-cellulose, facilitating fiber bonding. Structural disruption leads to fiber swelling, increasing surface area and hydrogen bonding, especially on cellulose. This process disrupts and reconstitutes crystalline regions, enhancing crystallinity. Lignin liberated from the lignin-hemicellulose polymer transitions to a molten state, serving as an adhesive to fortify fiber bonds, creating a 3D lattice structure and hydrophobic surface (Water contact angle 85°). Furthermore, these biocomposites, being adhesive-free and non-emitters of harmful gases like formaldehyde, hold promise as sustainable materials for architectural decoration and furniture applications.

Enhanced Sampling of Crystal Nucleation with Graph Representation Learnt Variables.

In this study, we present a graph neural network (GNN)-based learning approach using an autoencoder setup to derive low-dimensional variables from features observed in experimental crystal structures. These variables are then biased in enhanced sampling to observe state-to-state transitions and reliable thermodynamic weights. In our approach, we used simple convolution and pooling methods. To verify the effectiveness of our protocol, we examined the nucleation of various allotropes and polymorphs of iron and glycine in their molten states. Our graph latent variables, when biased in well-tempered metadynamics, consistently show transitions between states and achieve accurate thermodynamic rankings in agreement with experiments, both of which are indicators of dependable sampling. This underscores the strength and promise of our GNN variables for improved sampling. The protocol shown here should be applicable for other systems and other sampling methods.

Preparation and properties of a bismaleimide resin modified with a propargyl compound for electron beam irradiation curing

N, N, N′, N′ -Tetrapropargyl- p, p′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TPDDM) is synthesized and used to blended with 4,4′-bismaleimide diphenylmethane (BDM) as propargyl compound in a molten state to obtain a TPDDM modified bismaleimide (BTP) resin. The BTP resins are cured under electron-beam (EB) irradiation as well as heat. The cure degree and reactions of BTP resins are studied. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the cured BTP resins are further investigated. The results show that the BTP resins can be cured under EB irradiation and have over 82% degree of cure, which increases with the increase of EB irradiation dose. The cure reactions of EB-cured BTP resin are similar to that of heat-cured BTP resin. The temperature at 5% weight loss ( Td5) and mechanical properties of the cured BTP resins are close analogies between EB and heat cure processes although the cure degrees of EB-cured BTP resins are lower. The glass transition temperature ( Tg) and flexural modulus of the EB-cured BTP resin are higher than that of the heat-cured BTP resin. The Tg of the EB-cured BTP resin can reach over 385°C. The TPDDM-modified BDM is a candidate bismaleimide resin for the EB irradiation curing process in advanced manufacturing technology.

Solar cavity receiver for melting zinc metal

Concentrating solar power technologies can be applied to reduce the cost and carbon footprint of zinc melting processes. This study aims to improve the knowledge related to small-scale solar melting using a dish concentrator. This technology can be applied to zinc production as well as a range of small-scale applications, such as casting, recycling, galvanisation, and thermal storage. An experimental and analytical analysis of a rotating cylindrical cavity receiver for the indirect melting of zinc metal using concentrated solar power is presented. A multi-facet parabolic dish with an incident area of 2.85 m2 was considered together with a rotating cylindrical cavity receiver. The receiver had an aperture diameter of 0.2 m and the capacity for housing 17 kg of zinc. Five experimental test runs were executed, during which up to 73.5 % of the zinc inventory could be tapped from the receiver in its molten state, and average thermal efficiencies of up to 42 % were achieved. A predictive analytical model considering wind speed, wind direction, and direct normal irradiance was developed and validated against experimental data. A heat transfer efficiency factor was experimentally determined to account for voids in the zinc feedstock. The model was used to predict that approximately 41 kg of molten zinc could be tapped from the experimental setup throughout a typical day with a peak direct normal irradiance of about 900 W/m2 and an average wind speed below 2 m/s. A case study highlighted that energy savings of 0.6 kWh are achievable per kilogram of zinc processed by concentrated solar power rather than the conventional induction furnace.

Preparation of stable polyvinyl alcohol/polyurea hydrogel using oligomeric compounds containing urea-bonded

The aim of this research is the production of a biocompatible hydrogel film with high stability; the polymer should absorb enough water, and its structure should be preserved in water for a long time and not disintegrate. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was chosen as the main polymeric base of the desired hydrogel. Oligomeric compounds with urea bonded containing active groups at two chain ends can react with the hydroxyl groups of the polymer and play the role of a cross-linker. Urea linkage oligomers (ULO) were prepared by reacting 2 mol of sulfamic acid, 3 mol of phosphorus, and 8 mol of urea in a molten state. The amount of PVA was kept constant, while the amount of ULO was different, the prepolymer solution was mold-dried at ambient temperature and subjected to a heat press. The gel behavior and characterization of the polymer films were investigated by FT-IR, NMR, SEM, ion chromatography, and XRD analyses, the data on the tensile strength and antibacterial properties of the samples are also reported. The production of a hybrid composite consisting of PVA and polyurea under the heat press has been confirmed; the ammonium phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, and melamine powder were produced in the layer of polymer structure. This innovative hybrid polymer with a network of urea bonds can be a favorable option for skin treatment applications due to the specific characteristic of urea known as keratolytic.