Molecular Genetics Laboratory Research Articles

Relationship between the SLC27 gene's polymorphism and some broiler carcass and economic factors

This study was conducted at the poultry field, College of Agriculture and the Marshes, University of Thi-Qar from 10/11/2021 to 26/12/2021, and the Molecular Genetics Laboratories at the Marsh Research Center to determine the FATP gene polymorphism on some productive and physiological traits of broilers of ROSS 308. A total of 150 birds were used. The results of this study showed the following. Three genotypes were identified in the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the presence of the mutation G237A: GG, GA, and AA. It was noted that there were significant differences in the distribution ratios of the genotypes of the FATP gene according to the mutation G237A, where the genotype GA recorded the highest percentage, followed by genotype GG and then genotype AA. The G allele frequency is superior to the A. It was noted that there were no significant differences for the genotypes of the G237A mutation on the body weight and no significant differences between the GA, GG and AA genotypes of the FATP gene on the body weight, a significant difference in the genotypes of the G237A mutation on carcass weight, AA genotype outperformed the GG and GA genotypes, the AA genotype was superior to the GA and GG genotypes on wings relative weight. Keywords: Polymorphism SLC27 gene, economic, carcass, broiler.

SSR marker based profiling and population structure analysis in peach (Prunus persica) germplasm

For breeding programmes to be successful and for germplasm conservation, it is essential to characterize and analyze the genetic diversity of available germplasm. The present experiment was conducted at Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology, Haldi, Uttarakhand during 2022 to study the molecular profile of 41 peach [Prunus persica (L.) Stokes] accessions using 23 polymorphic SSR markers. The number of alleles detected ranged from 3 to 8 with an average of 4.65 alleles per locus (Na) and a total of 107 alleles were amplified. The average effective number of alleles (Ne) were 2.89 per marker. The SSR marker MA015a produced maximum number of 8 alleles followed by BPPCT 015 and CPPCT14 which produced 7 alleles each. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied between 0.317–0.836 with a mean value of 0.563. The observed heterozygosity examined was lower (Ho = 0.02) and the expected heterozygosity (He = 0.61) ranged between 0.34 to 0.85. The presence of a higher Shannon’s information index (I) of 1.17 indicates higher diversity in the given set of peach genotypes. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranging from 0.533 to 1, indicated a pair-wise relationship among the peach accessions. The cluster dendrogram partitioned the accessions into two main clusters. However, the total accessions were stratified into 3 groups (K=3) based on population structure analysis which was further confirmed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). The information generated in the study may have great implications in molecular characterization, fingerprinting and documentation of accessions in the peach improvement programme.

Assessment of genetic divergence in wheat lines (Triticum aestivum L.) involving biochemical and protein markers in rainfed conditions

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the important and strategic cereal crop for the majority of world’s populations. It is significant staple food of about two billion people. In next few years, world demand for wheat is expected to be 40 percent higher than that of its level today. Keeping in view the importance of the crop research work was conducted in the laboratory of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan. The aim of the research was to find out the genetic diversity of different wheat lines. In the experiment, 50 different lines of wheat species (Triticum aestivum L.) was used to detect genetic diversity by utilizing Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and biochemical analysis. On the basis of biochemical analysis lines 3111 and 3123 was diverse among 50 lines for antioxidant activity by using DPPH radical and 3135 and 3139 for phenolic contents and for flavonoid 3148 and 3107 was found more promising. Molecular characterization by SDS PAGE showed diversity in three wheat lines 3136, 3138 and 3110. These wheat lines could be our potential lines for future wheat improvement program as they were also promising regarding to the high yields.

Effect of Moringa Leave Ethanol Extract on Accelerating Wound Healing Process

TGF-β and VEGF are vital in cell proliferation and regeneration, as evidenced in processes like wound healing. The leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam exhibit anti-inflammatory and cell regenerative properties that may facilitate the transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase, enhancing wound repair. This research sought to discern the potential of orally administered moringa leaf extract in augmenting systemic wound healing, focusing on TGF-β and VEGF serum as in vivo molecular markers. This research was conducted at the Animal Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, and the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Universitas Padjadjaran, from January to March 2022. We divided thirty Swiss Webster mice into two categories: healthy and wound-treated. Wounded mice received 100 mg/kgBW Na CMC as a negative control, 500 mg/kgBW zinc syrup as a positive control, and M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract (MOLE) in doses of 280 and 560 mg/kgBW orally from day 3 to day 6. Wound progression was documented and measured on days 0, -1, -3, and -6. Day-6 blood samples were obtained, and TGF-β and VEGF serum levels were gauged using ELISA. Results from day 6 revealed that wound coverage in the 280 and 560 mg/kgBW MOLE groups was 13.76±5% and 13.38±4%, respectively. These percentages notably surpassed that of the negative control group (p=0.005). However, the TGF-β and VEGF serum levels in the MOLE-treated groups did not differ significantly from the negative control (p=0.081 and p=0.149, respectively). Thus, the study concludes that while MOLE expedites wound closure, it does so without the systemic involvement of TGF-β and VEGF in vivo.

The study of Associations between TNFα GENE G308A polymorphism and clinical-neurological, neuroimaging, hemodynamic characteristics and cognitive dysfunction in patients with post-infectious encephalopathy

Introduction. Infectious diseases can affect brain function and cause the development of encephalopathy, even if the pathogen does not directly affect the central nervous system. Infections caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites can lead to a secondary inflammatory response in the brain, commonly known as neuroinflammation, through the action of inflammatory mediators that affect the brain endothelium and parenchyma, and the response of brain cells to these mediators. Neurological consequences associated with infectious diseases are poorly understood. Nowadays, there is no established strategy for the treatment or prevention of neurological damage associated with peripheral infections. Aim of study was: to establish probable associations of the G308A polymorphic variant of the TNFα gene with clinical-neurological, neuroimaging, hemodynamic characteristics and cognitive dysfunction in patients with post-infectious encephalopathy. Material and methods. 128 patients with PIE who were undergoing treatment in the neurological departments of the communal non-profit enterprise "Ternopil Regional Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital" during 2021-2022 were examined. 26 patients underwent molecular genetic analysis. The control group consisted of 12 practically healthy persons, representative in terms of age and sex. All patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Neuroimaging was performed using multispiral computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The state of cerebral blood flow was studied using transcranial duplex scanning (TCI) of intracranial vessels and extracranial brachiocephalic vessels on a Philips HDI device. Research in the cognitive sphere was carried out using the Montreal Cognitive Test (The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA). The molecular genetic study of the G308A polymorphic variant of the TNFα gene was carried out according to standard protocols developed in the molecular genetic laboratory of the state institution "Reference Center for Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine". The results. Analyzing the dependence of clinical-neurological syndromes, neuroimaging, hemodynamic characteristics, and cognitive dysfunction on the polymorphic variant G308A of the TNFα gene in patients with PIE, probable differences in the distribution of genotype frequencies were established only for clinical-neurological syndromes (cephalic syndrome, p=0.005 and movement disorder syndrome, p =0.038) and neuroimaging changes (gliosis phenomenon, p=0.026). Regarding the frequency distribution of alleles of the G308A polymorphic variant of the TNFα gene in patients with PIE, a probable predominance of carriers of the A allele among persons with cephalic syndrome compared to persons without cephalic syndrome was found (91.67% vs. 8.33%). Conclusions. Thus, the allelic polymorphism of the TNFα gene affects the course of PIE, which determines the expediency of further research.

Molecular genetic characterization of sudden deaths due to thoracic aortic dissection or rupture

BackgroundSudden deaths due to thoracic aortic dissection or rupture (TADR) are often investigated by forensic pathologists in the United States. Up to a quarter of reported TADR result from a highly penetrant autosomal dominant single gene variant. Testing genes associated with familial TADR provides an underlying etiology for the cause of death and informs effective sudden death prevention for at-risk family members. At the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner (NYC-OCME), TADR cases are routinely tested by the in-house, CAP-accredited Molecular Genetics Laboratory. In this retrospective study, TADR and cardiovascular cases were reviewed to understand the burden of TADR in sudden deaths, value of molecular diagnostic testing in TADR, and genotype-phenotype correlations in a demographically diverse TADR cohort. MethodsBetween July 2019 and June 2022, cases with in-house cardiovascular genetic testing at NYC-OCME were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty genes associated with familial TADR were analyzed using high throughput massive parallel sequencing on postmortem tissues or bloodspot cards. Variant interpretation was conducted according to ACMG/AMP guidelines. ResultsA total of 1078 cases were tested for cardiovascular genetic conditions, of which 34 (3%) had TADR. Eight of those TADR cases had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant (P/LPV), 4 had a variant of uncertain significance (VUS), and 22 cases were negative for variants in TADR genes. The molecular diagnostic yield using the TADR subpanel was 23.5%. The genes with the greatest prevalence of P/LPV were FBN1 (6), followed by TGFBR2 (2), TGFBR1 (1), and MYLK (1). Highly penetrant P/LPV in TGFBR2, FBN1, and TGFBR1 were found in TADR individuals who died younger than 34 years old. Two P/LPV in FBN1 were secondary findings unrelated to cause of death. P/LPV in FBN1 included five truncating variants located in the N-terminal domains and one missense variant involved in the disulfide bonds of the EGF-like domain. All P/LPV in TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 were missense or in-frame deletion variants located in the protein kinase catalytic domain. Three variants were first reported in this study. ConclusionsMolecular testing of familial TADR-associated genes is a highly effective tool to identify the genetic cause of TADR sudden deaths and benefits surviving at-risk families.

Актуальность внедрения референсного подхода в патологоанатомическую практику

The project to establish the reference center for addressing scientific-practice, organizational and methodological challenges of immunohistochemical, pathomorphological and molecular genetic laboratories and centers of data analysis and interpretation of radiological methods started in 2020 within the Department of fundamental pathology of Endocrinology research center. The present review focuses on the prospects of a concept of reference center with an emphasis on the current state of Russian pathology service.

Impact of Arg72Pro polymorphism in P53 gene in cancer susceptibility in Algerian population

TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene involved in the development of several types of cancer. It has been reported that single nucleotide polymorphism in codon 72 of this gene, causing substitution of a Proline for an Arginine, may increase the risk of carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of the Arg72Pro polymorphism and to look for a possible association between this polymorphism and the occurrence of cancer. Our study concerned 82 DNA samples collected from the DNA bank of the Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics of the Constantine University 3, and grouped 2 populations: 41 controls and 41 patients with one of three types of cancer: breast cancer, cervical cancer and lung cancer. This polymorphism was detected with PCR / RFLP. The results obtained in our study revealed a significant difference between the two patient and control groups for the heterozygous CG genotype (OR = 0.13, P = 0.001), which makes it possible to conclude that the CG genotype constitutes a risk factor in the occurrence cancer. However, the study showed that there is no difference between the Pro allele and the Arg allele in the patients compared to the controls (OR = 0.95, P = 0.87), which could rule out the possible association between the Arg72Pro polymorphism and the onset of cancer.

THE ROLE OF HEREDITARY PREDISPOSITION (POLYMORPHIC MARKERS OF GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE, CATALASE, ENDOTHELIAL NITROGEN OXIDE SYNTHASE GENES) AND SOME ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRONCHO-OBSTRUCTIVE PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN LIVING IN RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED AREAS.

summarizing the results of many years of research by the authors on the influence of gene polymorphisms encoding xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes (GSTТ1, GSTM1, GSTР1), antioxidant protection (С^262Т of the catalase gene), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (4a/4b VNTR polymorphism of the eNOS gene), and some environmental factors on the occurrence of broncho-obstructive disorders and the development of bronchial asthma in children, residents of radioactively contaminated areas. The examined school-aged children were residents of radioactively RCA who had no clinical signs of respiratory pathology. Deletion polymorphism of catalase gene (CAT C^262T), polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase gene (GSTТ1, GSTM1, GSTР1) and the polymorphism in the 4th intron (4a/4b) of the eNOS gene were studied in the molecular genetics laboratory of the State Institution «Reference Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine». Molecular genetic studies were performed by polymerase chain reaction. The study of the ventilation lung capacity was carried out by the method of computer spirometry based on the data of the «flow-volume» loop analysis. A pharmacological inhalation test with a bronchodilator drug which affects the β2-adrenergic receptors of the lungs was used to detect early changes in the ventilatory lung capacity - bronchial hyperreactivity. One of the leading mechanisms, due to which the implementation of hereditary predisposition to bronchial asthma in children living in radioactively contaminated areas is the polymorphism of certain genes of glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase. With such polymorphic variants of the GST genes, isoforms of enzymes with reduced activity are produced, which limits their ability to effectively neutralize free radicals, which are formed in excess when free radical oxidation processes are activated due to the constant intake of radionuclides with a long half-life into the body of children. Unfavorable factors that increase the risk of developing broncho-obstructive disorders and the likelihood of their implementation in the form of bronchial asthma in children, residents of radioactively contaminated areas, have been identified. It has been established that among them the leading role is played by hereditary predisposition to this disease. On the part of the child, such negative factors were unfavorable conditions of intrauterine development, the presence of signs of exudative-catarrhal diathesis, manifestations of allergies and frequent respiratory diseases from the first months of life.

POLYMORPHISM OF ACE AND AT2R1 GENES AS A GENETIC BACKGROUND FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENCEPHALOPATHIES.

The aim: To study the prevalence of ACE I/D and AT2R1 A1166C gene polymorphisms in patients with CTE, SVD, AIE, and PIE and to assess the influence of the presence of a particular genotype of the studied genes on the occurrence and/or progression of encephalopathies. Materials and methods: A total of 96 patients with encephalopathies of various genesis (chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) n=26; chronic alcohol-induced encephalopathy (AIE) n=26; microvascular ischemic disease of the brain (or cerebral small vessel disease, (SVD)) n=18; post-infectious encephalopathy (PIE) n=26) were involved in the study. The molecular genetic study was performed in the molecular genetics laboratory of the State Institution «Reference Center for Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», Kyiv. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the STATISTICA 10.0 program. Results: In patients with various types of encephalopathies, probable changes in the frequency distribution of genotypes of polymorphic variants I/D of the ACE gene were established (11.11% vs. 33.33% - carriers of the I/I genotype, 27.78% vs. 50.00% - carriers of the I/D genotype and 61.11% vs. 16.67% - carriers of the D/D genotype) and A1166C of the AT2R1 gene (22.22% vs. 66.67% - carriers of the A/A genotype, 50.00% vs. 25.00% - carriers A/C genotype, 27.78% versus 8.33% - carriers of the C/C genotype) compared to individuals of the control group only in patients with SVD. The presence of the D allele and the D/D genotype of the ACE gene is associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of SVD development and progression (respectively, 4.2 times (95% CI (1.39-12.72)) and 7.9 (95% CI ( 1.31-47.05)) times). A similar trend was established for the carrier of the C allele of the A1166C polymorphic variant of the AT2R1 gene in patients with SVD: a 4.3-fold increase in the risk of development and progression (95% CI (1.30-13.86). In addition, there is a probable dependence between carrier genotype A/C of the AT2R1 gene and increased risk of PIE and AIE by 4.8 and 5.7 times, respectively. Conclusions: Therefore, results suggest the reasonability to include the I/D of the ACE gene polymorphism investigation in the genetic panel of encephalopathies.

Cas9-Mediated Nanopore Sequencing Enables Precise Characterization of Structural Variants in CCM Genes.

Deletions in the CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3 genes are a common cause of familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). In current molecular genetic laboratories, targeted next-generation sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification are mostly used to identify copy number variants (CNVs). However, both techniques are limited in their ability to specify the breakpoints of CNVs and identify complex structural variants (SVs). To overcome these constraints, we established a targeted Cas9-mediated nanopore sequencing approach for CNV detection with single nucleotide resolution. Using a MinION device, we achieved complete coverage for the CCM genes and determined the exact size of CNVs in positive controls. Long-read sequencing for a CCM1 and CCM2 CNV revealed that the adjacent ANKIB1 and NACAD genes were also partially or completely deleted. In addition, an interchromosomal insertion and an inversion in CCM2 were reliably re-identified by long-read sequencing. The refinement of CNV breakpoints by long-read sequencing enabled fast and inexpensive PCR-based variant confirmation, which is highly desirable to reduce costs in subsequent family analyses. In conclusion, Cas9-mediated nanopore sequencing is a cost-effective and flexible tool for molecular genetic diagnostics which can be easily adapted to various target regions.

Variability of physiological and biochemical parameters of the blood of beluga females (Huso huso) in the conditions of artificial reproduction

The results of a study and analysis of the physiological and biochemical parameters of the blood of beluga females (Huso huso) during the spawning period were presented in the article. The data were obtained in the laboratory of molecular genetics and physiology of the Volga-Caspian branch of the VNIRO (CaspNIRKH) in the period 2020–2022 during the monitoring of artificial reproduction. We studied females of the V stage of gonads maturity of natural (domesticated stocks) and artificial parameters of blood in beluga females during the spawning period was calculated using descriptive statistics based on parametric and nonparametric criteria. A comparative analysis of females of domesticated stocks and broodstocks revealed an unreliable (p > 0.05) trend of excess of the studied physiological and biochemical parameters in the blood of individuals of artificial generation, with the exception of beta-lipoproteins. The established ranges of blood components characterized the heterogeneity of the functional state of spawners at the spawning stage. There was a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between cholesterol and total lipids (r = +0.56), cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins (r = +0.74), beta-lipoproteins and total lipids (r = +0.44),hemoglobin and total serum protein (r = +0.58). The recorded dynamics testified to a unidirectional regularity in the consumption of fish biochemical components for the formation of reproductive products. The results obtained are necessary to assess the “quality” of beluga spawners in order to optimize the technologies for obtaining physiologically high-grade juveniles under conditions of artificial reproduction.

Unexpectedly High Prevalence of iAMP21 in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mexico: A Report from the "Mexico in Alliance with St. Jude” (MAS) Collaborative Group

Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, intra-amplification of chromosome 21, genetic characterization. Mexico in Alliance with St. Jude (MAS) has carried out a multi-center collaboration for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Mexico since 2019. The "Bridge Project” has granted access to diagnostic tests that allow genetic characterization of children with ALL in participating centers. The Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Hospital Infantil Teleton de Oncologia (HITO) serves as the referral laboratory. 253 newly diagnosed ALL patients from 5 hospitals in Mexico have utilized a comprehensive diagnostic panel that includes cytogenetic and molecular tests to identify relevant abnormalities. iAMP21 is recognized by the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues as a characteristic genetic alteration of B-lineage Leukemia/Lymphoma, with a reported incidence of up to 2-5%. It involves amplification of the RUNX1 gene and/or duplication of chromosome 21 dup(21q), and defines a relatively new cytogenetic subgroup in B-lineage ALL with poor prognosis, derived from the genetic instability of chromosome 21.The heterogeneity of iAMP21 contributes to the difficulty in its detection with the sole use of conventional cytogenetic techniques, rendering Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) as a better strategy for the distinction between iAMP21 (amplification in tandem) and the sporadic gain of copies of the RUNX1 gene. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive diagnostic panel for 253 patients with ALL; the FISH B-cell lymphoid panel included (KMT2A, ETV6 (TEL)/RUNX1 (AML1), BCR/ ABL, E2A/(TCF3)/(PBX1) and the T-cell lymphoid panel included (MLL, BCR / ABL, E2A / (TCF3) / (PBX1), TLX1, TLX3, CDKN2A and TRA / D). Diagnosis of iAMP21 was made using the interphase FISH technique with the LSI ETV6/RUNX1 (Vysis®) double color double fusion probe (Abbott Molecular®, Ill), and Cytocell probe (OGT Company®, NY). A finding of ≥ 5 RUNX1 gene signals in interphase FISH and/or more than 3 signals within chromosome 21 was considered positive for the identification of iAMP21. Samples were processed according to the specifications to the AGT Cytogenetics Laboratory Manual. FISH analysis was performed by analyzing 200 interphase cells. When ETV6/ RUNX1 probes are used, samples of patients carrying iAMP21 usually show two normal copies of the ETV6 signal and multiple RUNX1 signals (three or more additional signals) and are negative for the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene. RESULTS: Among 253 patients with ALL, 233 cases were of lineage B (92%) and 20 (8%) were of lineage T. FISH was reported negative in 57 (23%) and positive in 185 (73%) cases, 11 results were not available (4.3%). We detected iAMP21 in 28 (11%); these cases were classified as high risk. We also report t(12;21) in 41 (16%), MLL gene disruption t(4;11) in 10 (4%), t(1;19) in 14 (6%), and t(9;22) in 7 (3%); 75 (30%) patients had nonspecific genetic gains. The T lineage showed CDKN2A del(9)(p21) in 6 (2.5%) and TRA/D(14)(q11.2) rearrangement in 4 (1.7%) cases. CONCLUSION: Our experience shows that FISH analysis with the ETV6/RUNX1 probe is useful for identifying iAMP21, a chromosomal abnormality with prognostic significance. Genetic risk factors in the Hispanic population that adversely impact survival in Latin America are not yet fully identified. The Molecular genetic analysis and the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique are the basic methods used to detect the presence of the most common genetic abnormalities, the presence or absence of which has an impact on the patient's classification into the appropriate risk group. Our findings from this cohort point to an increased prevalence of iAMP21 in ALL patients in Mexico. We will soon incorporate gene sequencing to the diagnostic panel and improve the characterization of these patients. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

The Russian Journal of Oncology and Russian Science Citation Index

The Russian Journal of Oncology is indexed in many databases, including the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). The journal is included in the List of peer-reviewed scientific publications for publishing the main scientific results of Ph.D. theses recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission (hereinafter referred to as the HAC List), which is characterized by structuring by scientific branches, scientific fields, and scientific specialties. Since 2021, the journal citation in the RSCI database has been equated in its value to indexing in the Web of Science Core Collection and/or Scopus, which is a criterion for the quality of a publication and a guideline in choosing a scientific journal by the authors for publishing the results of thesis research. Thus, when preparing a thesis paper, the list of publications can include those works of the applicant that are published in scientific journals presented in the HAC List in the relevant specialty, or in scientific journals indexed in RSCI, Web of Science and/or Scopus, regardless of the scientific specialty and relevant fields of science these journals are included in the HAC List, and whether they are included at all.
 Taking into account the changes that have taken place, the editors and the publisher continue to publish articles on molecular biology (1.5.3), genetics (1.5.7), oncology, radiation therapy (3.1.6), radiation diagnostics (3.1.25), surgery (3.1.9), neurosurgery (3.1.10), pediatric surgery (3.1.11), cardiovascular surgery (3.1.15), plastic surgery (3.1.16), maxillofacial surgery (3.1.2), pathological anatomy (3.3.2), and clinical laboratory diagnostics (3.3.8) in the Russian Journal of Oncology.

Drdof the genotype of HSP70B gene in some characteristics of the components of milk

The study was conducted at Taj Al-Nahrain station in Al- Diwaniyah Governorate, which Is approximately 200 km from the center of Dhi Qar Governorate, for the period from 10/2/2021 to 1/4/2022.And the laboratory part of the study was conducted In the Molecular Genetics Laboratory of the Marshes Research Center at Dhi Qar University. The study includeincludeed 49 Holstein cows Imported in their third productive season, Blood samples were drawn from them for the purpose of separating the genetic material (DNA) from It and studying the heat shock protein HSPA6 gene and knowing Its relationship to milk production characteristics In Holstein cows ,The results showed the nucleotide sequence on the 475bp gene segment extracted from the HSP70B gene the presence of the point mutation G˃T.113 was detected In the third exon of the above gene In the cattle sample under study. And the mutation discovered In the studied piece of the HSP70B gene was a missense mutation and It worked to change the code for the amino acid valine to private code With the amino acid lucine .Three genotypes were shown: GG, GT, and TT. Groups of cows carrying the genotypes (GG, GT and TT) did not differ significantly among themselves in the characteristics of milk components, but an arithmetic superiority between the three genotypes was noticed and referred to in all the studied traits.

Study of the relationship of genetic polymorphism of SLC27 gene, fatty acid transport protein, with some economic parameters and carcass characteristics of broilers

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the College of Agriculture and the Marshes - University of Dhi Qar for the period from 10/11/2021 to 26/12/2021 in cooperation with the Molecular Genetics Laboratories at the Marsh Research Center - College of Agriculture and Marshes for the purpose of the effect of multiple genotypes of the FATP gene on productive performance and some traits Physiology of broilers of ROSS 308 strain, 150 birds were used in this study. The results of this study showed the following.The results were analyzed by the sequence of nitrogenous bases of the gene studied outside Iraq by the South Korean company, Macrogen corporation-Korea. Carcass weight, dressing ratio, relative weight of the studied cuts Three genotypes were diagnosed, the first being GG, GA and AA, and there were significant significant differences (P<0.05)) in the distribution ratios of the genotypes of the FATP gene according to the mutation G237A, where the GA genotype recorded the highest percentage, followed by the GG genotype, and then followed by the AA genotype Its proportions were 0.49, 0.39 and 0.12, respectively, and the G allelic frequency is superior to the A allele, as it reached 0.64 and 0.36, respectively, and it was noted that there were no significant differences for the genotypes of the G237A mutation in the weekly body weights, as it was found that there are no significant differences between the genotypes GA, GG and AA gene FATP in the average live body weight on the first day of life of the bird and the second, third, fourth and fifth weeks, The results showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) for the genotypes of the G237A mutation in the average carcass weight, as the AA genotype was superior to the GG and GA genotypes. As for the relative weight of the wings, the AA genotype was superior to the GA and GG genotypes, while the relative weight characteristic of the leg was superior to Structure AA on the genotypes GG and GA There was no significant effect of the relative weights of the thighs with the drum stick, wings, neck, back and belly fat
 
 
 
 INTRODUCTION
 
 The poultry industry at the present time is characterized by the increase in both production and the high efficiency of birds in converting the consumed feed into meat and eggs, as the main direction for the development of this industry now and in the future is always to improve the productive value (wiseman & Garnsworthy 2001). Some genetic selection, different variants represent a valuable source of protein, vitamins and minerals & cnningham (Demby, 2002) as the percentage of protein in poultry meat is about (5%) (Insr et al., 2006). The next episode was completed in the next episode, and a member of body fat (Simopoulos et al., 1998) Fat deposition is the most important axis for broilers, which is an important aspect in the development of genetic maps, as it is one of the important characteristics that have a direct relationship in determining the quality and quality of meat produced in the world, but in recent years, abdominal fat deposition has become one of the main physiological problems facing the poultry industry as well as reduce The overall production efficiency because it reduces the quality of carcasses and their products and on the other hand affects the consumption of poultry meat as a result of the effect of fat deposition on the health of the consumer (Kahraman et al., 2004)
 Therefore, the current study aimed to reveal the multiple genetic phenotypes of the FATP1 gene, the fatty acid transport protein, and its relationship to some economic criteria and carcass characteristics for broilers type ROSS 308) using the technique of deficient DNA sequencing.

Studying the effect of the genotypes of the GH gene on blood parameters and some structural characteristics of Iraqi buffalo milk

The samples of this study were collected from the private fields of buffalo breeders in the Al-Tar district of Dhi Qar Governorate / Karma Bani Said district, where 50 samples of milking female buffaloes were used in the experiment, with ages ranging from (2-3 years), this study was conducted in the laboratories of the College Agriculture and Marshes Department of Animal Production for the period from 15/11/2021 to 30/5/2022 with the aim of diagnosing the genetic morphology of the growth hormone gene in Iraqi buffaloes and its relationship to blood parameters and some characteristics of milk composition. Where the blood parameters measurements included the number of red blood cells, the number of white blood cells, the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood and the volume of the aggregated cells. As for the measurement of milk components, it included protein percentage, lactose sugar percentage, fat percentage, percentage of non-fat solids, milk density, freezing point, ash percentage and water percentage. Then DNA was extracted from animal blood samples in the Molecular Genetics Laboratory of For the Marshes Research Center / Dhi Qar University, the primer of the growth hormone gene was amplified and then the genotypes in the growth hormone gene were determined using (PCR) technique by electrophoresis with a relay device, and then the sequence of bases was analyzed using the sanger sequencing technique. And then study the relationship between the genetic structures and the traits mentioned above.
 The results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the growth hormone gene showed the appearance of a bundle with a size of 1196 base pairs, and the appearance of two alleles, G and T, where their frequency was (0.64 and 0.36), respectively, and by three genotypes: GG, TT and GT, where the frequency of these structures reached genetic (0.60, 0.32 and 0.08), respectively. Whereas, the value of chi-square was 17.1, which indicates the mismatch of the observed and expected animals, which indicates the imbalance of the population, which was observed in the study from the genetic frequencies of the unbalanced population. A single silent mutation was also found at position 118 of the 1196-base-pair-long studied region in the non-coding region 2Intron and at site 611 of the complete gene.
 The results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the growth hormone gene showed a bundle with a size of 1196 base pairs, and the appearance of two alleles, G and T, with three genotypes: GG, TT and GT.
 The appearance of a single silent mutation at position 118 of the 1196-base-pair-long studied region in the 2Intron noncoding region and at site 611 of the complete gene. The frequency of the G allele was 0.64, while the frequency of the T allele was 0.36, and the frequency of the genotypes GG, TT and GT was (0.60, 0.32 and 0.08), respectively. Whereas, the value of chi-square was 17.1, which indicates the mismatch of the observed and expected animals, which indicates the imbalance of the population, which was observed in the study from the genetic frequencies of the unbalanced population. Through the obtained results, it was found that the red blood cells, the hemoglobin percentage and the volume of the compacted cells were not affected by the genotypes, as the highest value of the red blood cells was recorded by the GT genotype, which was (7.11 ± 0.69) * 106 cells/ml. Whereas, the GG genotype recorded the highest value for both hemoglobin and the volume of packed blood cells (13.022 ± 2.076) g/dL and (40.07 ± 6.23)%, respectively. As for white blood cells, they were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by genotypes, where the GT genotype was superior to the two genotypes GG and TT, and its value was (a 9.225 ± 0.317) * 103 cells/ml.
 Also, the composition of milk was not affected by the different genotypes of the growth hormone gene, where the highest value of the degree of freezing and milk density was recorded by the GT genotype, as its value was (0.430 ± 0.025) m5 and (27.400 ± 2.540) g/cm3, respectively. While the GG genotype recorded the highest value for lactose, protein and non-fat solids (5.180 ± 1.302, 3.398 ± 0.141 and 18.138 ± 2.322)%, respectively. As for the percentage of fat, ash and water, the highest value was recorded in the TT genotype (7.608 ± 2.027, 2.596 ± 0.284 and 81.868 ± 1.531) %, respectively.

Study of the Level of Gene Expression of the GLUT2 Glucose Vector in the Small Intestine of the Meat Broiler and its Relationship to Productive Traits

The study was conducted in the field of animal production of the Agricultural Research Station / College of Agriculture and the Marshes / Dhi Qar University for the period from 10/11/2021 to 25/ 2/ 2022. Laboratory tests of the samples were carried out in the Molecular Genetics Laboratory of the College of Dentistry / Dhi Qar University, for the purpose of knowing the gene expression of the SLC2A2 gene encoding the glucose transporter GLUT2 and the abundance of its mRNA transcripts in different regions of the small intestine of broilers when fed at different levels of energy and to study the relationship of that abundance to some productive traits.
 In this study, 135 non-naturalized of meat broiler (breed 308 Ross) were used. The broiler were randomly distributed to three experimental treatments, with three replicates for each group (15 chicks/repeat), used the adlibitum free feeding system for the duration of the experiment, which lasted (35) days. The study included three levels of energy, where the first treatment was a control diet, which represented 3065 and 3133 kilocalories/kg for the primer and final diet, respectively, as for the second treatment, it contained a high level of energy 3200 kilocalories/kg and 3297 kilocalories/kg for the primer and final diets, respectively, the third treatment contained a low level of energy 2769 kilocalories/kg and 2802 kilocalories/kg for primer and growth diets, respectively. The results of the study showed the following:-
 
 The possibility of amplifying the studied gene and knowing its abundance and according to the primers used.
 The highest level of mRNA transcription of the GLUT2 gene in the small intestine of males was in the jejunum region (9.41) at a representative energy level of 3297 kilocalories/kg, as for the duodenum, the expression of GLUT2 gene was lower than in the jejunum (0.535), the GLUT2 gene expression in males was slightly more than in females in the ileum region (0.578) at a representative energy level of 3297 kcal/kg.
 Gene expression was positively and significantly associated with live weight, weight gain and feed consumption rates, but it was inversely related to the efficiency of food conversion in the jejunum and duodenal regions.
 The abundance of the glucose transporter GLUT2 gene increased with the increase in the energy level in the diet.
 Males gave a higher percentage of mRNA copies in all target organs compared to females.
 The activity of the gene responsible for the transfer of glucose can be modified through feeding and increasing energy levels and thus its reflection on the performance of birds.
 As for the productive traits, the differences were significant in the average live body weight and weight gain, as well as feed consumption compared with the control treatment, while the feed conversion efficiency did not show any significant differences.

Characterization and selection of inter simple sequence repeat markers for genetic studies of mesquite

Since characterization and selection of molecular markers are crucial steps in genetic research for plant conservation and/or (pre) breeding, this study aimed to describe the amplification profile of Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers in Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. so that the most suitable ones could be selected. To do so, the genomic DNA of 16 individuals collected at the Federal Institute - Campus Itapetinga, Bahia State, were extracted at the Applied Molecular Genetics Laboratory of the State University of Southwest Bahia, in Itapetinga-BA (Brazil). The amplification profile was obtained using 23 ISSR primers, visualized after electrophoresis in 2% agarose gels, and photo-documented under ultraviolet light; then, genotyping was performed. In total, amplification of 206 markers was observed, with an average of nine tags per primer, a polymorphic percentage equivalent to 90% of the markers generated; and mean polymorphic information content of 0.63. Expected and observed heterozygosity means were similar (0.28 and 0.29, respectively). Our findings confirm that ISSR primers are suitable for molecular-genetic studies of P. juliflora. Among the 23 analyzed primers, 13 can be prioritized (DiGA3’G, DiCA 3'RG, DiCA 3'YG, DiGA 3'C, DiGA 3'RC, DiGA 3'T, TriCAG 3'RC, TriTGT 3'YC, TriAAC 3'RC, TriAAG 3'RC, TriCGC 3'RC, TriGAC 3'RC, and TriGGA 3'RC) for genetic studies of P. juliflora.

Quantity and Quality Test of DNA Marigold Plants (Tagetes erecta L.) for the Suistainability of Plant Breeding

Marigold is one of the potential commercial flowers and demand continues toincrease. The high demand for marigold plants among the community so that the need for mutation plant breeding for marigold plants. It is hoped that giving mutations, it can increase genetic diversity in marigold plants which will be used as material for plant breeding activities to form new superior marigold varieties. This study aimed to examine the quantity and quality of mutant DNA marigold plants for the suistainabiliy of plant breeding. This research was conducted in the molecular genetics laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The DNA of 5 mutant samples of marigold plants was isolated using the CTAB extraction method. The results showed that the lines that had bright and thick band patterns were found in samples P0, P2, P3 and P4 while thin and less bright bands were found insample P1. The purity of the resulting DNA ranged from 1.84 to 2.00 and the concentration of the resulting DNA ranged from 30.2 to 53.7 g/ml.