Module Structure Research Articles

Extraction of offshore aquaculture areas from Gaofen-2 remote sensing imagery based on deep learning

ABSTRACT Extracting offshore aquaculture areas from high-resolution remote sensing images is significant for rational planning and dynamic management of aquaculture. However, the complex and changeable characteristics of aquaculture areas will lead to difficulty during high-resolution image processing. In this paper, an improved U-Net deep learning model is proposed to extract offshore aquaculture areas from high-resolution images. This model is improved by the pyramid pooling module (PPM) and up-sampling structure based on the original U-Net model. PPM and the up-sampling structure can better mine semantic and position information in high-resolution images, reduce the interference and adhesion of information in images, and improve the extraction accuracy of unclear aquaculture areas. Based on Gaofen-2 remote sensing image data of Rongcheng Bay in the eastern waters of Weihai City, Shandong Province, the extraction of offshore aquaculture areas is studied. The results show that the F1 score and MIoU of the proposed network model are 93.63% and 87.93%, respectively. Compared with several commonly used deep learning models, the improved U-Net model has a better extraction effect.

Optimized design and simulation study of liquid-cooled heat sink model for IGBT module based on TPMS structure

Abstract In this paper, we propose a liquid-cooled heat sink model utilizing a TPMS (triple periodic minimal surface) structure for IGBT modules. Using parametric modeling software nTopology, we establish three TPMS structures: Schwarz P, Gyroid, and Diamond. Thermal simulation analysis is conducted on the radiator model using ANSYS Fluent. The optimal structural parameters are determined to ensure effective heat dissipation while preventing excessive pump power consumption due to inappropriate inlet flow rates. Simulation results demonstrate that the liquid-cooled radiator with TPMS structure outperforms conventional radiators in heat transfer efficiency, albeit with higher inlet and outlet pressure drops. Among the TPMS-structured radiators, the Schwarz P configuration exhibits the lowest pressure drop, approximately 20% less than the remaining two, offering superior thermal management advantages.

Study of thermal properties of electronic modules on combined boards with polyimide dielectrics

This article presesnts the construction and theoretical research of thermal models of electronic modules with increased power based on combined boards on aluminum bases using serial heat-welding polyimide - fluoroplastic films, including films with thermal conductivity from 0.12 to 0.46 W/m•K, as well as with the lacquer foil dielectrics with thermal conductivity of PI layers of the order of 4.0 - 4.5 W/(m•K) improved by the authors Designs and quality test structures of electronic modules were developed. Experimental studies of the efficiency of heat removal from semiconductor devices in quality test structures based on various types of combined boards with polyimide dielectrics were performed. Technical solutions of combined boards based on multi-layer heat-conductive heat-welding PMF film Kapton®120FMT616 30 μm thick with fluoropolymer double-sided coatings with a thermal conductivity of 0.46 W/(m•K) and combined circuit boards based on improved one-sided lacquer foil copper - polyimide dielectrics with a thickness of highly thermally conductive composite PI layers 60 μm with a thermal conductivity of up to 4.0 - 4.5 W/(m•K), provided under favorable operating conditions with natural unobstructed convection and temperature environment Ta = 25oС the best thermal characteristics of electronic modules from the point of view of maintaining recommended operating temperatures < 70 – 80 °C for high reliability of operation and increased service life.

Math Modules— A Theoretical Review and Cognitive Training Programme

The abstract outlines the content of a review on Math Modules, a program designed to facilitate the learning of foundational math skills through cognitive training techniques that are based on theory with a special focus on planning and executive functions, encompassing cognitive flexibility, attentional control, and working memory. The guiding educational principle is drawn from Vygotsky's concept of zones of proximal development, highlighting the belief that children can accomplish tasks with assistance that they may struggle with independently. In a way, the structure of cognitive training Modules can be viewed as an attempt at construct validity. A review of historical roots of Math modules is presented at some length. The program begins with the division of training the two key components of math proficiency: computing and solving word problems. Both rely on five essential skills.

Dualities among massive, partially massless and shift symmetric fields on (A)dS

We catalog all the electromagnetic-like dualities that exist between free dynamical bosonic fields of arbitrary symmetry type and mass on (anti-) de Sitter space in all dimensions, including dualities among the partially massless and shift symmetric fields. This generalizes to all these field types the well known fact that a massless p-form is dual to a massless (D − p − 2)-form in D spacetime dimensions. In the process, we describe the structure of the Weyl modules (the spaces of local operators linear in the fields and their derivative relations) for all the massive, partially massless and shift symmetric fields.

P‐216: The Status and Trend of Narrow‐bezel OLED Display

With the development of display technology, the terminal customer has put forward higher panel specification requirements. As a result, smart phone's panel size becomes bigger and bigger, as well as the screen ratio, which lead to sharp decrease in panel border size. While limited by the space and module structure, how to accomplish narrow bezel is always a hot topic in OLED field. During the past two years, panel makers used LIPO（Low injection pressure overmolding） technology to make border narrower, and this become standard configuration settings. However, LIPO accounts for little proportion in total panel and module border, it is the reduction for the space between the shell and module. In this paper, we analyze the trend of narrow bezel development, and introduce some new methods which may be used in future, hoping to provide some helpful reference to OLED panel narrow bezel design.

17‐3: Study on Rollable AMOLED Performance Improvement

By considering rollable AMOLED display and application, optical and mechanical performances are discussed and optimized solutions are introduced. Different COE designs for rollable AMOLED are compared in power consumption, L‐decay and reflection. A rollable AMOLED module structure is designed with the impact absorption layer of the hybrid cover. Based on finite element simulation and neutral layer theory, module stack is optimized, accumuled strain is eliminated. Rollable performance and impact resistance are balanced. A portable device with rollable AMOLED is developed. Its mechanical design for rollable display application is introduced.

On the existence of free sublattices of bounded index and arithmetic applications

Let O be a Dedekind domain whose field of fractions K is a global field. Let A be a finite-dimensional separable K-algebra and let Λ be an O-order in A. Suppose that X is a Λ-lattice such that K⊗OX is free of some finite rank n over A. Then X contains a (non-unique) free Λ-sublattice of rank n. The main result of the present article is to show there exists such a sublattice Y such that the generalised module index [X:Y]O has explicit upper bounds with respect to division that are independent of X and can be chosen to satisfy certain conditions. We give examples of applications to the approximation of normal integral bases and strong Minkowski units, and to the Galois module structure of rational points over abelian varieties.

A remark on the Hochschild dimension of liberated quantum groups

Let A be a Hopf algebra equipped with a projection onto the coordinate Hopf algebra \mathcal{O}(G) of a semisimple algebraic group G . It is shown that if A admits a suitably non-degenerate comodule V and the induced G -module structure of V is non-trivial, then the third Hochschild homology group of A is non-trivial.

Tensor algebras over the Steenrod algebra

It is known that unstable Steenrod module structure on the polynomial algebra F2[t0,…,tN−1]≅H⁎((RP∞)N;F2) obtained by forgetting the multiplication is isomorphic to that arising from a twisted action of Sq1. We show that the same theorem holds for tensor algebras. As in the abelian case, the result is applied to produce a decomposition of the tensor algebra into “weight spaces”.

STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST MODULE IN THE EDUCATIONAL COMPONENT “INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH WORK” FOR EDUCATIONAL PROFESSIONAL PROGRAM “MEDICINE”

The proportion of skills, abilities, and competencies pertaining to the scientific method of understanding reality—comprising principles, rules, norms, and methodologies for acquiring and organizing new knowledge about both objective and subjective realities—represents the scientific aptitude within the educational framework. A robust scientific aptitude within the educational process is a vital prerequisite for students in specific fields of study (specializations) to receive education of requisite quality. The Department of Pathophysiology at Poltava State Medical University is actively engaged in not only fundamental medical and preclinical research but also in ongoing scientific and methodological endeavors aimed at enhancing the educational process departmentally and university-wide. The educational component ‘Individual Research Work” within the educational professional program “Medicine”, developed by the departmental faculty, serves to elevate educational standards by augmenting the scientific aptitude within the educational process. This study aimed to analyze and delineate the structure of the initial module within the educational component “Individual Research Work” of the educational and professional program “Medicine”. In preparing the manuscript of the article, the authors employed several general theoretical research methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparison of concepts, abstraction, and generalization. Module No. 1, titled “Modeling of Typical Pathological Processes in Various Organs and Systems”, within the educational component “Individual Research Work”, spans 120 hours and is structured as follows: 8 lecture hours, 32 hours of practical classes, and 80 hours designated for independent study of module topics. The thematic plan encompasses the exploration of the following topics: 1. Modelling inflammatory processes in various organs; 2. Modelling disturbances in the cell cycle (hypo- and hyperbiotic processes); 3. Modelling systemic metabolic disorders; 4. Modelling functional disorders across various organs and systems. The ultimate outcome of Module No. 1 entails students selecting a topic and experimental model conducive to their research pursuit. The structure and content of this initial module within the educational component “Individual Research Work”, developed by the Department of Pathophysiology at Poltava State Medical University, align with the standards of contemporary higher medical education. The study, along with its inaugural module, is poised to enhance the quality of education for aspiring individuals enrolled in the educational and professional program “Medicine”.

Crystal structure of the photosensory module from a PAS-less cyanobacterial phytochrome as Pr shows a mix of dark-adapted and photoactivated features

Phytochromes (Phys) are a diverse collection of photoreceptors that regulate numerous physiological and developmental processes in microorganisms and plants through photointerconversion between red-light absorbing Pr and far-red light-absorbing Pfr states. Light is detected by an N-terminal photosensing module (PSM) sequentially comprised of Period/ARNT/Sim (PAS), cGMP-phosphodiesterase/adenylyl cyclase/FhlA (GAF), and Phy-specific (PHY) domains, with the bilin chromophore covalently-bound within the GAF domain. Phys sense light via the Pr/Pfr ratio measured by light-induced rotation of the bilin D-pyrrole ring that triggers conformational changes within the PSM, which for microbial Phys reaches into an output region. A key step is a β-stranded to α-helical reconfiguration of a hairpin loop extending from the PHY domain to contact the GAF domain. Besides canonical Phys, cyanobacteria express several variants, including a PAS-less subfamily that harbors just the GAF and PHY domains for light detection. Prior 2D-NMR studies of a model PAS-less Phy from Synechococcus_sp._JA-2-3B'a(2-13) (SyB-Cph1) proposed a unique photoconversion mechanism involving an A-pyrrole ring rotation, while magic-angle-spinning NMR probing the chromophore proposed the prototypic D-ring flip. To help solve this conundrum, we determined the crystallographic structure of the GAF-PHY region from SyB-Cph1 as Pr. Surprisingly, this structure differs from canonical Phys by having a Pr ZZZsyn,syn,anti bilin configuration but shifted to the activated position in the binding pocket with consequent folding of the hairpin loop to α-helical, an architecture common for Pfr. Collectively, the PSM of SyB-Cph1 as Pr displayed a mix of dark-adapted and photoactivated features whose co-planar A-C pyrrole rings supports a D-ring flip mechanism.

Hazard comparison of thermal runaway of electric marine battery cabinet under different trigger modes

Currently, the transportation industry, especially shipping, is still accompanied by serious carbon emissions and pollution. Electric ships are the most promising way to solve this problem. However, the application of electric ships in maritime affairs also faces many technical difficulties. This paper studies the heat generation and heat transfer in electric Marine battery cabinets (EMBC). Based on the Multi-Scale and Multi-Domain (MSMD) solution method, this study uses the Newman, Tiedemann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) battery model to solve the thermal runaway propagation (TRP) of the EMBC, and then makes a visual analysis of the TRP of the EMBC with the three-layer Battery module (BM) structure. Furthermore, the TRP of the three-layer BM is compared based on three different triggering modes. Through analysis and comparison, it is found that among the three TR triggering modes: single battery heating, heat source at the bottom of the module, and heat source at the top. The first mode corresponds to a maximum heat release (HR) of 214.7 GJ, while the third mode exhibits a minimum HR of 212.3 GJ. Furthermore, the maximum temperature reached by the battery under the third mode is 1568 K, which is lower than that achieved in the other two modes. Additionally, it should be noted that the second mode has a higher maximum HR rate of 5772 GW/m3 compared to the third mode. The TR hazard resulting from heating at the bottom of the battery module outweighs that caused by heating at the top, without taking into account human-induced heating factors. The propagation of TR triggered by a single heat source throughout the EMBC can be inhibited within 226 s in the same layer, and prevented from spreading to the remaining layers for up to 596 s. In the present study, a new insight is presented to reveal the TR characteristics of the EMBC under different triggering modes, and quantify the TR duration.

Zero-magnetic-field operation of ordinary-Nernst-effect-based transverse thermoelectric module using embedded permanent magnets

Zero-magnetic-field operation of ordinary-Nernst-effect-based transverse thermoelectric module using embedded permanent magnets

Sedenionic matrices and their properties

In this article, the matrix algebra is well-known concept in mathematics, has been extended to sedenionic-coefficient matrices using sedenions, which have many applications in recent years. Subsequently, sedenionic-coefficient matrices have been obtained in their real, complex, quaternionic and octonionic forms. Based on these definitions, the arithmetic operations of addition, multiplication, conjugation, transpose and conjugate transpose for sedenionic matrices and their complex, quaternionic and octonionic variations have been established and their algebraic properties scrutinized. Lastly, vector space over real and complex numbers and module structure over quaternions of sedenionic matrices has been searched.

Cohomology operations for moment-angle complexes and resolutions of Stanley–Reisner rings

A fundamental result in toric topology identifies the cohomology ring of the moment-angle complex Z K \mathcal {Z}_K associated to a simplicial complex K K with the Koszul homology of the Stanley–Reisner ring of K K . By studying cohomology operations induced by the standard torus action on the moment-angle complex, we extend this to a topological interpretation of the minimal free resolution of the Stanley–Reisner ring. The exterior algebra module structure in cohomology induced by the torus action recovers the linear part of the minimal free resolution, and we show that higher cohomology operations induced by the action (in the sense of Goresky–Kottwitz–MacPherson [Invent. Math. 131 (1998), pp. 25–83]) can be assembled into an explicit differential on the resolution. Describing these operations in terms of Hochster’s formula, we recover and extend a result due to Katthän [Mathematics 7 (2019), no. 7, p. 605]. We then apply all of this to study the equivariant formality of torus actions on moment-angle complexes. For these spaces, we obtain complete algebraic and combinatorial characterisations of which subtori of the naturally acting torus act equivariantly formally.

Automatic grading evaluation of winter wheat lodging based on deep learning.

Lodging is a crucial factor that limits wheat yield and quality in wheat breeding. Therefore, accurate and timely determination of winter wheat lodging grading is of great practical importance for agricultural insurance companies to assess agricultural losses and good seed selection. However, using artificial fields to investigate the inclination angle and lodging area of winter wheat lodging in actual production is time-consuming, laborious, subjective, and unreliable in measuring results. This study addresses these issues by designing a classification-semantic segmentation multitasking neural network model MLP_U-Net, which can accurately estimate the inclination angle and lodging area of winter wheat lodging. This model can also comprehensively, qualitatively, and quantitatively evaluate the grading of winter wheat lodging. The model is based on U-Net architecture and improves the shift MLP module structure to achieve network refinement and segmentation for complex tasks. The model utilizes a common encoder to enhance its robustness, improve classification accuracy, and strengthen the segmentation network, considering the correlation between lodging degree and lodging area parameters. This study used 82 winter wheat varieties sourced from the regional experiment of national winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai southern area of the water land group at the Henan Modern Agriculture Research and Development Base. The base is located in Xinxiang City, Henan Province. Winter wheat lodging images were collected using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing platform. Based on these images, winter wheat lodging datasets were created using different time sequences and different UAV flight heights. These datasets aid in segmenting and classifying winter wheat lodging degrees and areas. The results show that MLP_U-Net has demonstrated superior detection performance in a small sample dataset. The accuracies of winter wheat lodging degree and lodging area grading were 96.1% and 92.2%, respectively, when the UAV flight height was 30m. For a UAV flight height of 50m, the accuracies of winter wheat lodging degree and lodging area grading were 84.1% and 84.7%, respectively. These findings indicate that MLP_U-Net is highly robust and efficient in accurately completing the winter wheat lodging-grading task. This valuable insight provides technical references for UAV remote sensing of winter wheat disaster severity and the assessment of losses.

Веб-ориентированный подход к трансформации систем координат геоцентрического типа

Recently in modern geoinformatics, the task of transforming coordinate systems has been one of the most significant. In this case, coordinate processing is performed for various projections, supported by many geographic information systems and the corresponding software libraries. At the same time, problems associated with transformation into specialized coordinate systems for example geomagnetic ones remain practically unsolved. Moreover, such a conversion is necessary to describe various geophysical processes, the occurrence and course of which largely depend on the parameters of the main magnetic poles of the Earth. In the paper, the authors proposed a web-based approach to transforming a geographic coordinate system into a geomagnetic one and ensuring prompt results based on the original spatiotemporal parameters. The architecture of the web solution was modernized by combining various web patterns; it provides support for a plug-in structure and loose coupling of program modules. It is shown that the proposed solution does not depend on the type of the consumer and can be used with interfaces of various kinds, provided that the appropriate interaction protocol is used. The performed computational experiments showed that calculations of geomagnetic coordinates based on the mentioned algorithm match to the known expressions and models

Arakelov class groups of random number fields

AbstractThe main purpose of the paper is to formulate a probabilistic model for Arakelov class groups in families of number fields, offering a correction to the Cohen–Lenstra–Martinet heuristic on ideal class groups. To that end, we show that Chinburg’s $$\Omega (3)$$ Ω ( 3 ) conjecture implies tight restrictions on the Galois module structure of oriented Arakelov class groups. As a consequence, we construct a new infinite series of counterexamples to the Cohen–Lenstra–Martinet heuristic, which have the novel feature that their Galois groups are non-abelian.

Study of the Dynamics and Strength of the Detachable Module for Long Cargoes under Asymmetric Loading Diagrams

This article highlights the structural features of the detachable module for the transportation of long cargoes. The choice of profiles for the detachable module was based on the resistance moments of its components. The detachable module was considered a rod structure on four supports. To determine the longitudinal loads acting on the detachable module, mathematical modeling of its longitudinal dynamics was carried out, provided they were placed on a flat car during a shunting impact. The accelerations obtained were used for the calculations of the detachable module. This article presents the results of the strength calculation of the detachable module under asymmetric loading diagrams, i.e., the action of longitudinal and lateral forces on the detachable module structure. The results of the calculations show that the maximum stresses in the structure of the detachable module when it receives longitudinal loads are 7.7% lower than the permissible ones, and when it receives lateral loads, they are 5.8% lower. Thus, the strength of the detachable module is maintained under the loading diagrams considered. This study also included a modal analysis of the detachable module structure. The first natural frequency of oscillations is found to be 20 Hz. Thus, the safety of the detachable module movement in terms of frequency analysis is ensured. This research will help to create recommendations for the design of modern modular vehicles and improve the efficiency of the transport industry.