Modular Class Research Articles

Highly Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of o-Amidophenyl Ketones Enabled by 1,2-Diphenylethylenediamine-Derived P,N,N-Ligands with Tertiary Amine Terminus.

A readily available and highly modular class of chiral P,N,N-ligands based on a structurally flexible nonchiral phosphine-amine framework with an optically active 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine unit bearing a tertiary amine terminus as the chiral source have been developed and successfully applied in the Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of o-amidophenyl ketones. These tridentate P,N,N-ligands exhibited excellent activity, enantioselectivity, and substrate tolerance, thus furnishing various optically active o-amidobenzhydrols in up to 99% yields and with >99% ee. The utility of this protocol has been proven by synthetically diverse product transformation and highly enantioselective production of a rice plant growth regulator, (S)-inabenfide.

Communication Registers of Online Students in the New Normal

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the shift to a new normal in the education aspect. With online learning, teachers resort to webinars, online classes, modular online classes, and other online educational platforms such as zoom and google classroom. In this time of the pandemic, the way the students transmit messages or communicate with their professors online has been changed compared to how they communicate during face-to-face classes. Communicating using these platforms necessitates that language be studied to find out whether there is a change of the level of formality students use in their spoken or written expressions. Using the Register and the Communication Theories, this descriptive study investigated the communication registers of online students in their messages sent to their professors through chat messenger, email, cellphone texts and other online apps.; the literal and deep structures expressed in the messages; and a listing of common lexicons used in various communication registers. Using content analysis, it was found out that the communication registers among students in this new normal include mostly online reaction signs sent casually. The casual messages carried deeper meanings with the most common lexicons as “Thank you”, “Good morning”, and “ma’am/madam/sir”. Therefore, the students can communicate freely online with a lesser level of formality to their professors and without the presence of physical, social, emotional, and psychological barriers. The study recommends that students communicate in other contexts like asking for help or showing appreciation; use other language registers such as frozen and intimate, aside from casual; communicate with their professors using proper writing mechanics such as capitalization, proper punctuation, and sentence structure; and use variety of lexicons instead of a repetitive use of same words, phrases, and expressions.

Understanding the Teachers’ Lived Experience in Teaching Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) Using Modular Distance Learning in Now Normal

This qualitative study examined the lived experiences of teachers of teaching Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) using modular distance learning in now normal utilizing daily. A review of literature was completed concerning the areas of teachers and the history of modular distance learning. The research question for the study was, what are the participants’ lived experience in teaching and assessing students in modular distance learning class of TLE in the now normal? And how do they cope up with the challenges of teaching and assessing students in modular distance learning class of TLE in the now normal? The research design for the study was Phenomenological qualitative research in interpretive design. Interviews were completed. The data were disaggregated according to themes and patterns. The participants of the study consisted of eight (8) participants’ experiences of TLE teachers on modular distance learning in the Department of Education in the Division of the City of Biñan. After data collection, the researcher found seven (6) common themes. Each of these themes was discussed in terms of supporting or not supporting the review of literature. The majority of the findings of the study supported by participants served as authentic guidelines of the study. A major contradiction in the findings was the fact that none of the teachers in the study felt a need for more professional development and community involvement.

PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AS RELATED TO STUDENTS' INTEREST AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN DISTANCE LEARNING

Distance learning is the new mode of instructional delivery today. Parents and their children are doing go hand in hand to cope up with the educational set up.The research sought to investigate the status of parental involvement in the chosen school as well as the students? interest and their relationship to academic performance in distance learning. The study used descriptive method to identify relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable. It used a random sampling technique to gather needed data from one hundred and ninety four students and parents in Liceo de Luisiana in Luisiana, Laguna. The findings of the study were the following: there was no significant relationship on parental involvement, students? interest, and academic performance of the students. The null hypotheses ?parental involvement had no significant relationship to students? interest?, ?parental involvement has no significant relationship to students? academic performance?, and ?students? interest had no significant effect on the academic performance of the students? were supported and accepted. It is evident in the findings that the null hypotheses are accepted. Thus, parental involvement had no significant relationship to the students? interest and academic performance in distance learning. In this regard the following recommendations based on the outcomes of the study. Parents, teachers and educational leaders may have list of best practices of parental intervention in the education of the learners. There also may be webinar or limited-face-face seminar on the intervention of parents in distance learning. Educational institution may empower parents in their involvement in their children?s education both at home and school. They may also consider to monitor the learning of the students in both online and modular classes to guarantee attendance to their studies.

LEARNERS’ DEMOGRAPHICS, HOME-BASED SUPPORT SYSTEM AND READINESS AS CONTRIBUTING COMPONENTS TO THE MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES (MELCS) IN ENGLISH 6

The sudden shutdowns of schools in the country brought by COVID-19 pandemic has become a great challenge for the Department of Education (DepEd). The department adhered to continue delivering quality education despite the challenges the country is facing through the implementation of distance learning. This study seeks to determine the components contributing to the first quarter Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) in English 6 under the new normal. The respondents of this study were one hundred seventy-seven grade 6 pupils of Pila Elementary School both from online and modular classes. It employed the descriptive research design to describe a population, situation, or phenomenon concisely and orderly. Also, it used the quantitative research method to collect and analyze numerical data about the components related to the first Quarter MELCs in English 6. The weighted mean, percentage and standard deviation were used as statistical treatment of the study. The findings indicated that most of the learners involved in the study were females and those who are of in the average age or the maximum age category for grade 6 pupils which are estimated to be in the age category ranging from 10 years six months to 11 years five months. Though not highly educated, most of the respondents? parents are still capable of assisting their children in their distance learning. The results also showed that learners get adequate home-based support system. Parents and older siblings and other adult relatives attend to the needs of assisting them in learning their lessons and performing their tasks. In terms of readiness, respondents were found out to be technologically ready since using a computer in learning makes them feel excited in these new normal school days. However, the findings indicated that the respondents were not physically, psychologically and emotionally ready since learning in the new normal has become stressful for them. Some of the learners also experience physical health issues like frequent headaches and eye problems while attending online classes or answering my modules. The results of the study revealed that parents? educational attainment, the adequacy of home-based support system, learners? readiness as to physical, psychological-emotional, technological aspect and learning delivery modalities are contributing components to the most essential learning competencies. However, gender and age of learners are not significant to MELCs.

Macromolecular Engineering of Thermoresponsive Metal-Phenolic Networks.

Dynamic nanostructured materials that can react to physical and chemical stimuli have attracted interest in the biomedical and materials science fields. Metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) represent a modular class of such materials: these networks form via coordination of phenolic molecules with metal ions and can be used for surface and particle engineering. To broaden the range of accessible MPN properties, we report the fabrication of thermoresponsive MPN capsules using FeIII ions and the thermoresponsive phenolic building block biscatechol-functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (biscatechol-PNIPAM). The MPN capsules exhibited reversible changes in capsule size and shell thickness in response to temperature changes. The temperature-induced capsule size changes were influenced by the chain length of biscatechol-PNIPAM and catechol-to-FeIII ion molar ratio. The metal ion type also influenced the capsule size changes, allowing tuning of the MPN capsule mechanical properties. AlIII-based capsules, having a lower stiffness value (10.7 mN m-1), showed a larger temperature-induced size contraction (∼63%) than TbIII-based capsules, which exhibit a higher stiffness value (52.6 mN m-1) and minimal size reduction (<1%). The permeability of the MPN capsules was controlled by changing the temperature (25-50 °C)─a reduced permeability was obtained as the temperature was increased above the lower critical solution temperature of biscatechol-PNIPAM. This temperature-dependent permeability behavior was exploited to encapsulate and release model cargo (500 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged dextran) from the capsules; approximately 70% was released over 90 min at 25 °C. This approach provides a synthetic strategy for developing dynamic and thermoresponsive-tunable MPN systems for potential applications in biological science and biotechnology.

Exploring Senior High School Students' Motivational Levels in Modular and Online Classes

Students are forced to adapt to the new learning modes, modular and online classes, of the new normal due to the Pandemic. It is evident that everyone has different motivational levels and capabilities that affect their academic performance and it also depends on the type of learning mode they are dealing with. The results of this study helped determine and understand the motivational levels of senior high students in the new normal. With the use of an online survey questionnaire prepared by the researchers, the students who were chosen to be research respondents were asked to answer carefully and honestly according to their respective experiences with their learning modes. The researchers assessed the experiences of students in both learning modes and how they cope up with the situation by investigating which factors affected their motivation and its causes, and how the low/high motivation levels affect the student's academic performance. Results yield that students who are in modular classes tend to lose motivation easily compared to online classes as it is difficult because they don’t meet with teachers to help and guide them in answering the modules, instead they learn on their own. It’s not only classes that affect the students but also other factors such as the internet speed and resources that they need to have so that they can listen efficiently in class.

Neural implementations of Bayesian inference.

Bayesian inference has emerged as a general framework that captures how organisms make decisions under uncertainty. Recent experimental findings reveal disparate mechanisms for how the brain generates behaviors predicted by normative Bayesian theories. Here, we identify two broad classes of neural implementations for Bayesian inference: a modular class, where each probabilistic component of Bayesian computation is independently encoded and a transform class, where uncertain measurements are converted to Bayesian estimates through latent processes. Many recent experimental neuroscience findings studying probabilistic inference broadly fall into these classes. We identify potential avenues for synthesis across these two classes and the disparities that, at present, cannot be reconciled. We conclude that to distinguish among implementation hypotheses for Bayesian inference,we require greater engagement among theoretical and experimental neuroscientists in an effort that spans different scales of analysis, circuits, tasks, and species.

Modular Classes during Covid-19 Pandemic: The Emerging Opportunities, Challenges and Difficulties

The study sought to find out the effects of the Modular classes from the parents, teachers and students. There are numerous effects of modular learning modality on students? learning acquisition and social behaviour. Some students became busy to other works instead of focusing on the modules. The study also brought out the emerging opportunities, challenges and difficulties of the modular classes. The result revealed that there are opportunities that people enjoyed during the modular classes. Some of the opportunities are (1) parent-children relationship became even closer; (2) more time to study and research; (3) ensures life-work balance and (4) parents are able to focus on their children?s studies. The respondents enumerated the challenges and difficulties they faced during modular classes. They emphasized the importance of cooperation among the students, parents and teachers. They pointed out that lack of direct supervision of the teachers is the greatest challenge. Validity and reliability of students? answers are questionable. Another challenge is the weakening students? learning outcomes and ? worse ?students became addict with computer games. Parents, teachers and students ? the primary stakeholders ? recommended the coming back to face-to-face classes because modular classes really affect students? learning. Key words: Modular Classes; challenges and difficulties; Direct Supervision; Primary Stakeholders; Emerging Opportunities

A General Organocatalytic System for Electron Donor–Acceptor Complex Photoactivation and Its Use in Radical Processes

We report herein a modular class of organic catalysts that, acting as donors, can readily form photoactive electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes with a variety of radical precursors. Excitation with visible light generates open-shell intermediates under mild conditions, including nonstabilized carbon radicals and nitrogen-centered radicals. The modular nature of the commercially available xanthogenate and dithiocarbamate anion organocatalysts offers a versatile EDA complex catalytic platform for developing mechanistically distinct radical reactions, encompassing redox-neutral and net-reductive processes. Mechanistic investigations, by means of quantum yield determination, established that a closed catalytic cycle is operational for all of the developed radical processes, highlighting the ability of the organic catalysts to turn over and iteratively drive every catalytic cycle. We also demonstrate how the catalysts’ stability and the method’s high functional group tolerance could be advantageous for the direct radical functionalization of abundant functional groups, including aliphatic carboxylic acids and amines, and for applications in the late-stage elaboration of biorelevant compounds and enantioselective radical catalysis.

Children’s engagement in self-learning modules (SLMs) amid the pandemic: a predictive analysis on the role of internet access, household food security, and parental involvement to modular classes

ABSTRACT This study examines essential factors that affect children’ quality of response towards a non-traditional learning platform specifically, self-learning modules (SLMs) as Philippine public school’s mode of service-learning delivery. Our objective is to determine the predictive power of access to internet, household food security, and parental involvement on the level of students’ engagement in these modular classes amid the health crisis. Drawing online responses from parents of public-school students (n=359), our regression analysis confirms the viability of our model F(3,355) = 19.2, p<.001. While we found that food security and parental involvement are predictors of students’ satisfactory engagement in their SLMs, internet access is not. Therefore, our model suggests that children with parents who take time to be involved in their studies and who reside in households with enough food are more likely to engage positively in their modular classes, whether or not the household has access to the internet.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ИНТЕРАКТИВНОГО ИГРОВОГО МЕТОДА В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ «ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ АНАТОМИЯ»

In the given article by the example of a didactic board game, possible ways of its using and the importance of an interactive teaching method at «Pathological anatomy» practical classes are considered. The main requirements to the stages of design concept development, their detailed justification and description are presented. The role of a teacher as an organizer of this teaching method, as well as the use of situational modules of the didactic game for the better acquiring of new information by the students are analyzed. Objectives. To increase the efficiency of the process of teaching students at «Pathological anatomy» practical classes based on the use of an interactive game method by developing a design concept for a didactic board game. Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of the scientific and methodological literature on the investigated problem was made. The didactic board game consisting of an A3 format playing field and a set of cards was demonstrated. Results. The board game with a description of its advantages and features of use compared to traditional teaching methods was presented. A range of problems associated with the development of didactic material of this type were noted. Conclusions. A design concept of a didactic board game has been developed for conducting modular practical classes in pathological anatomy with the 3rd-year students of higher educational institutions in the specialties «General Medicine», «Medical Diagnostics».

Grappling with the learning modules: Experience of Public Elementary Pupils Attending English Written Modular Classes

Modular Distance Learning is one of the educational trends brought about by the pandemic. The recent use of this model of learning delivery has put teaching and learning into an adjustment period. This particular challenge has been the urgent imperative to have modular classes. It implies designing and organizing for better learning. English is the primary medium of instruction in education, and most of the modules written in the given language posing additional challenges and demands to school learners. Hence, this paper endeavors to investigate the lived experiences of the pupils in answering English-written modules through a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. The participants of the study were eight Grade 6 pupils determined using the purposive sampling technique with some inclusion criteria. Data were gathered through an in-depth interview and were analyzed using a recursive textual analysis aided by Lichtman’s 3c's: coding, categorizing, and conceptualizing. The study revealed that quality education in the locality during this time of pandemic is greatly affected by the delivery modality, the curriculum content and standards, educational equipment and resources, the competence of parents to give assistance, and the readiness of the learners to read and learn independently. &#x0D;

Modular classes of Jacobi bundles

This paper is the first part of a dilogy devoted to modular classes of Jacobi structures from the general line bundle perspective as well as their associated Lie algebroids. First, we explain the relationship between Jacobi algebroids and their associated Gerstenhaber-Jacobi algebras. Then, we show that given a Jacobi manifold, there is a differential complex associated to it whose differential operator is similar to the so-called Koszul-Brylinski operator. This allows us to define Jacobi homology for Jacobi bundles. Moreover, we show that there are generating operators for the Gerstenhaber-Jacobi algebra associated to the Atiyah algebroid DL whose sections are derivations of the associated line bundle L.

Students’ Performance in General Mathematics Under Modular Class, Candijay National High School, Candijay, Bohol

The study intended to determine students' performance in General Mathematics under the modular class of Grade 11 students of Candijay National High School, Candijay, Bohol during the academic year 2020-2021. The study used a descriptive normative survey method and a correlational quantitative research design. A total of 150 Grade 11 students of Candijay National High School were included. The research used a self-constructed instrument patterned from Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) in General Mathematics. The majority of the respondents took the Humanities and Social Sciences strand. In terms of the gadgets available, mobile phones had the highest frequency. More than half of the students used mobile data as interconnection with internet speed connectivity of moderate. It showed that the student's proficiency in General Mathematics was on the Beginning Level. All the problems encountered stated were found as less serious. It showed that the student's academic performance in General Mathematics for the first semester was fairly satisfactory. The data inferred that there is a significant degree of correlation between students' strands and academic performance. The data resulted from an insignificant correlation between students' strands and problems encountered in teaching mathematics and proficiency levels in modular classes. The data revealed a significant degree of correlation between students' academic performance and problems encountered in modular classes in teaching mathematics and between students' academic performance and proficiency level. The data reflected an insignificant correlation between students' proficiency level and problems encountered in modular classes in teaching mathematics.

PicFoam: An OpenFOAM based electrostatic Particle-in-Cell solver

picFoam is a fully kinetic electrostatic Particle-in-Cell (PIC) solver, including Monte Carlo Collisions (MCC), for non-equilibrium plasma research in the open-source framework of OpenFOAM. The solver’s modular design, based on the same principles used in OpenFOAM, makes it highly flexible, by allowing the user to choose different methods at run time, and extendable, by building upon templated modular classes. The implementation of the PIC method employing the finite volume method, allows it to simulate on arbitrary geometries in one to three dimensions. OpenFOAM’s barycentric particle tracking is used effectively to perform charge and field weighting from the Lagrangian particle based description to the Eulerian field description and backwards without computational expensive particle searching algorithm. picFoam also includes open and general circuit boundary models for the description of real plasma devices. Program summaryProgram Title: picFoamCPC Library link to program files:http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/bbsm8tjgjy.1Developer’s repository link:https://github.com/TFDzarm/picFoamLicensing provisions: GPLv3Programming language: C++Nature of problem: The description of equilibrium and non-equilibrium plasma with its complex collective behavior between charged species. As well as their interaction with circuits connected to the boundaries of the plasma. The applications are versatile and lie e.g. in the description of plasma phenomena like discharges in arcjet electric propulsion systems, as well as a general study of plasma phenomena.Solution method: Implementation of the Particle-in-Cell method with Monte Carlo Collisions [1] in the open-source numerical toolbox OpenFOAM [2]. By this the newly implemented solver gains access to OpenFOAM’s powerful tool sets and an easy to set up simulation case structure. Fields are solved by employing OpenFOAM’s cell-centered finite volume solvers, this allows for the simulation on arbitrary structured meshes. The leapfrog scheme [1] is employed for the integration of the particle’s equation of motion combined with relativistic and non-relativistic integration schemes for Newton’s second law of motion [3]. Monte Carlo Collision methods include models for the collision of electrons and neutral species, considered collision events are elastic collision events and inelastic excitation and ionization events. Additional models include Coulomb collisions and isotropic scattering of neutral species [4]. The solver is able to bind circuit models, include open circuit, ideal voltage and current sources, as well as general purpose circuits with an ideal voltage source and a resistance, an impedance and a capacity in series, to the plasma domain [5].Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The finite volume method is a relatively rarely used method for implementations of the PIC method, here by employing this method we gain the ability to use arbitrary structured meshes in one to three dimensions. OpenFOAM’s barycentric particle tracking is a novel approach for moving the particles through the mesh. With this method we are able to interpolate (weight) the charges efficiently to the mesh without using computational expensive algorithms to locate the particle’s positions beforehand.

Impact of Modular Classes to Academic Performance

Impact of Modular Classes to Academic Performance

Mn(I) phosphine-amino-phosphinites: a highly modular class of pincer complexes for enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of aryl-alkyl ketones.

A series of Mn(i) catalysts with readily accessible and more π-accepting phosphine-amino-phosphinite (P′(O)N(H)P) pincer ligands have been explored for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aryl-alkyl ketones which led to good to high enantioselectivities (up to 98%) compared to other reported Mn-based catalysts for such reactions. The easy tunability of the chiral backbone and the phosphine moieties makes P′(O)N(H)P an alternative ligand framework to the well-known PNP-type pincers.

Preliminary Core Design Study of Small Supercritical Fast Reactor with Single-Pass Cooling

A supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) adopts a once-through direct cycle, which is compatible with a small modular reactor class (SMR) plant system. The core is cooled by supercritical light water, which does not exhibit phase change, but undergoes large temperature and density changes. A super fast reactor (Super FR) is a fast reactor type concept of SCWR. Unlike other SCWR core concepts, it adopts the single coolant pass flow scheme, in which the coolant passes the core only once from the bottom to the top without any reverse flows or preheating stages. In the meantime, reducing the core size tends to increase the core power peaking and reduce criticality. Therefore, the key issues with the small Super FR core design is reducing the core power peaking and achieving high average core outlet temperature with the single coolant pass scheme. This study aims to highlight the design issues through conceptual core designs of SMR class Super FR. To evaluate the core characteristics, three-dimensional coupled core calculations are carried out. The proposed design with small fuel assemblies, which are equivalent to those of boiling water reactors, attains a high core average outlet temperature of about 500 °C, which is compatible to that of typical large SCWR core design.

Defining non-indigenous fish assemblage types in Mediterranean rivers: Network analysis and management implications

The design and implementation of appropriate management actions to tackle the spread and negative impacts of non-indigenous fish species (NIFS) in freshwater ecosystems still remains a complex task. In an effort to address the limitations of current managerial approaches, our study develops and applies a classification framework to define non-indigenous fish assemblage types (FATs) in Mediterranean riverine ecosystems and identifies the linkage with various regional, local, biotic and abiotic environmental factors. This framework contributes to a pre-invasion stage screening and to the design of effective type-specific post-invasion management actions dealing with specific NIFS assemblages. A network analysis was applied in order to extract NIFS community level information from 393 samples obtained from 51 river basins of Greece, while a multivariate ordination analysis was conducted to detect the factors best explaining the structure and distribution of FATs. The association patterns of the study's inputs and outcomes are illustrated through an alluvial diagram, providing insights across different spatial scales. In total, five FATs were generated where the major NIFS contributors of average similarity within each modularity class revealed the key indicator species (Gambusia-FAT; Carassius/Lepomis-FAT; Pseudorasbora-FAT; Salmonids-FAT and Carp-FAT). Overall, the identified FATs varied spatially, indicating different community structure, mainly based on the diverse habitat preferences and life-history traits of indicator species. Alien FATs were mainly distributed within large and transboundary rivers, while Translocated and Salmonids FATs mostly occupied ecoregions with relatively depauperate faunas and often in biodiversity hotspots. The results of this study can identify conservation priorities within FATs, inform specific-type post-invasion management actions tackling NIFS, while in addition may provide valuable information for protecting high-priority water bodies before invasion.