Modified Gold Nanoparticles Research Articles

Rapid evaluation of gold nanoparticle-lipid membrane interactions using a lipid/polydiacetylene vesicle sensor.

Surface modification of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has significant and complicated effects on their interactions with cell membranes. In this study, we used a lipid/polyacetylene (PDA) vesicle sensor as the lipid membrane model to evaluate AuNP-lipid membrane interactions. Based on the colorimetric response (CR) of PDA vesicles before and after incubation with AuNPs, it was found that the interaction was highly dependent on the surface charge of AuNPs. As compared to the positively charged NPs, neutral and zwitterionic NPs adsorbed much less on the lipid membrane. Negatively charged NPs did not induce any noticeable color changes even at high concentrations. A class of cationic AuNPs with different degrees of surface hydrophobicity was further selected to investigate the role of hydrophobicity in interacting with lipid/PDA vesicles, and log(EC50) was employed as the evaluation index. According to the log(EC50)-NP concentration curve, the hydrophobicity of NPs enhanced the lipid membrane affinity, but electrostatic interactions weakened this effect. Finally, different concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used to study the effect of the protein corona on NP-lipid membrane interactions. The formation of a NP-protein corona was found to mask the electrostatic interactions, leading to the decrease of the CR values of cationic NPs, and highly hydrophobic NPs were less affected by a low concentration of BSA due to the strong hydrophobic interactions. Although the effect of NP surface properties on their interactions with cells is far more complicated, our study provides a rapid and effective method for the evaluation of the interactions between surface modified AuNPs and lipid membranes.

L-Cysteine Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as a Colorimetric Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Toxic Metal Ion Cadmium

The toxic metal ion cadmium is known to be a widespread environmental contaminant and adversely affect human health. Exposure is largely via the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. Important non industrial sources of exposure are cigarette smoke and food (from contaminated soil and water). The kidney is the main organ affected by chronic Cd exposure and toxicity this has made us much more aware of the consequences of chronic environmental (or nonindustrial) exposure to heavy metal, and their impact on human health. Milk and dairy products can be contaminated in different ways. One of the most important and most challenging contaminations is due to heavy metals cadmium ions.. There are various ways to measure the amount of contamination in milk and dairy products. Therefore, reliable detection technique of metal ion levels in foods is essential for improving the public safety issues. In current investigation, we have developed l-cysteine modified gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) based colorimetric assays technique for detecting the toxic metal ion in food. It is a simple and low-cost alternative of spectroscopy based methods. Synthesized colloidal AuNPs possess intrinsically strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorptions, with extremely high extinction coefficients, in the visible wavelength range. The extinction coefficient of the Au NPs and the wavelengths at which NPs absorb and scatter light depend on their shapes and sizes, the dielectric constant of their surrounding aqueous media, and their interactions with neighboring particles. We have synthesized small size L- cysteine AuNPs with dark red colour which has potent ability to aggregates with toxic metal ions and there is change in color. Red Au NPs change into deep blue. The aggregation of Au NPs was controlled by employing surface ligands that bind to target heavy metals ions in foods. When metal ions are introduced, it binds through the ligands of multiple Au NPs, which was caused due to uncontrolled aggregation and subsequent color change of the solution. The 24 nm spherical Au NPs were prepared by reduction of 1.0 mM HAuCl4.3H2O with sodium tri-citrate (38.8 mM). The average size of monodisperse AuNPs sizes (DLS and TEM) was 31 nm, which have given significant results

A fluorescence assay for microRNA let-7a by a double-stranded DNA modified gold nanoparticle nanoprobe combined with graphene oxide.

Graphene oxide (GO) is capable of quenching fluorescence in bound fuel single stranded DNA (ssDNA) labeled with dye. In the presence of target microRNA let-7a, two cascaded toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions (TSDRs) were triggered, thereby desorbing substantial π-π stacking adsorbed fuel DNA from GO through recycling amplification, simultaneously accompanied with the restoration of dye fluorescence. By coupling dsDNA-AuNPs with the GO nanosheet, the proposed strategy achieved a non-enzymatic sensitive assay with a low detection limit of 3.9 pM. Hence, the proposed approach has great potential for applications in early cancer diagnosis and clinical analysis.

Use of a smartphone for intelligent detection of cyromazine based on Tween 20 modified gold nanoparticles

Use of a smartphone for intelligent detection of cyromazine based on Tween 20 modified gold nanoparticles.

Development of a colorimetric probe for the semi-quantitative detection of mercury levels in water

Mercury contamination is a significant public health and environmental problem. This work reports on the rational design of a novel colorimetric sensor based on 1.2-ethanedithiol modified gold nanoparticles for the selective recognition and visual detection of mercury (II) ions in aqueous solution. The functionalized nanoparticles characterized by visual inspection and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The detection approach has been linked to gold-sulphur-Hg2+-sulphur-gold interactions. These interactions have shown high selectivity towards Hg2+ with binding-induced red shift in the absorption spectra and showing no response to major interfering cations such as Zn2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Na+, and NH4+ at 0.0001 M concentrations. Levels of 0.005 M were found to interfere greatly with Hg2+ in water using the proposed probe. The system responds well to Hg2+ at concentration as low as 0.002 mg/L as set by WHO and Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ) as maximum permissible concentration limit. This approach provides a sensitive approach for the detection of Hg2+ based on a simple, rapid colour change at room temperature, and shows a great promise for point of use and in-field detection of toxic mercury in the environmental waters. The study also showed that the detection of Pb2+ can be done using the 1.2 ethanedithiol capped AuNPs with a unique green color change. The mechanism of detection of Hg2+ has been proposed.

Size effect of metal nanodome arrays on performance of plasmonic biosensor

Size effect of metal nanodome arrays on performance characteristics of a plasmonic biosensor is investigated using reflection spectroscopy. Ag and Au nanodome arrays are created by a bottom-up nanofabrication process by which the dome diameter and metal thickness can be controlled. Reflectivity measurements of metal nanodome arrays showed that the wavelengths and width of resonance dip were changed by the dome diameter and metal thickness, respectively. Bulk refractive index (RI) sensing and detection of DNA hybridization were performed to characterize the sensing performance of metal nanodome arrays. Bulk RI sensitivity were significantly improved as the dome diameter enlarged from 100 to 500 nm. In contrast, metal nanodome arrays with smaller diameter exhibited higher sensor signals against the immobilization of DNA modified gold nanoparticles used for signal amplification indicating strong plamonic coupling effects. With respect to the dome diameter, the effect of metal thickness was moderate for the presented sensing scheme.

Determination of adenosine triphosphate based on the use of fluorescent terbium(III) organic frameworks and aptamer modified gold nanoparticles.

A thiol-labeled adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding aptamer is covalently linked on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This warrants protection of the red AuNPs from aggregation in high salt condition. The dispersed AuNPs can quench the fluorescence of the Tb(III)-MOFs at 547nm with the excitation wavelength of 290nm. This is ascribed to the combined action of inner filter effect, dynamic quenching and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. If the aptamer binds ATP to form folded structures, the AuNPs aggregate in high salt medium and the green fluorescence of the Tb(III)-MOFs is recovered. This method shows good sensitivity and selectivity for ATP, and the linear range is from 0.5 to 10μM of ATP with the detection limitat of 0.32μM. It was applied to the determination of ATP in (spiked) human plasma with satisfactory recoveries (from 93.2% to 106.3%). Oppositely, when the unlabeled aptamer is used instead of thiol-labeled aptamer in this process, the ATP-aptamer complexes rather than unlabeled aptamer provide greater protection for AuNPs against salt-induced aggregation. It is found that when the aptamer covalently binds to AuNPs, the steric hindrance is dominant for the stabilization of AuNPs; for unlabeled aptamer, the electrostatic repulsion is responsible for their stability, irrespective of whether ATP is present or not. These two different forces lead to the aggregation or dispersion of AuNPs with addition of target in salt solution. Graphical abstractThe impact of two repulsive forces (electrostatic repulsion and steric repulsion) on the stabilization of gold nanoparticles, and its application in fluorescent terbium metal-organic frameworks as a nanoprobe for adenosine triphosphate.

Water Structure in the Submembrane Region of a Floating Lipid Bilayer: The Effect of an Ion Channel Formation and the Channel Blocker.

The structure of water in the submembrane region of the bilayer of DPhPC floating (fBLM) on a monolayer of 1-thio-β-d-glucose (β-Tg)-modified gold nanoparticle film was studied by the surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). SEIRAS employs surface enhancement of the mean square electric field of the photon, which is acting on a few molecular layers above the film of gold nanoparticles. Therefore, it is uniquely suited to probe water molecules in the submembrane region and provides unique information concerning the structure of the hydrogen bond network of water surrounding the lipid bilayer. The IR spectra indicated that water with a strong hydrogen network is separating the membrane from the gold surface. This water is more ordered than the water in the bulk. When alamethicin, a peptide forming ion channels, is inserted into the membrane, the network is only slightly loosened. The addition of amiloride, an ion channel blocker, results in a significant decrease in the amount of water in the submembrane region. The remaining water has a significantly distorted hydrogen bond network. This study provides unique information about the effect of the ion channel on water transport across the bilayer. The electrode potential has a relatively small effect on water structure in the submembrane region. However, the IR studies demonstrated that water is less ordered at positive transmembrane potentials. The present results provide significant insight into the nature of hydration of a floating lipid bilayer on the gold electrode surface.

Bacteria-Instructed In Situ Aggregation of AuNPs with Enhanced Photoacoustic Signal for Bacterial Infection Bioimaging.

The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is becoming the focus of global public health. Early-stage pathogen bioimaging will offer a unique perspective to obtain infection information in patients. A photoacoustic (PA) contrast agent based on functional peptide modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@P1) is developed. These nanoparticles can be specifically tailored surface peptides by bacterial overexpressed enzyme inducing in situ aggregation of the gold nanoparticles. In the meantime, the close aggregation based on the hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interaction of the peptide residues on the surface of gold nanoparticles exhibits a typical redshifted and broadened plasmon band. In addition, this active targeting and following in situ stimuli-induced aggregation contribute to increased nanoparticle accumulation in the infected site. Finally, the dynamic aggregation of AuNPs@P1 results in dramatically enhanced photoacoustic signals for bioimaging bacterial infection in vivo with high sensitivity and specificity. It is envisioned that this PA contrast agent may provide a new approach for early detection of bacterial infection in vivo.

Simultaneous Detection of Intracellular Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanosensor with Dual Reactivity

A functional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensor which can simultaneously detect nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in living cells is explored. The SERS nanosensor is fabricated through modifying gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with newly synthesized 3,4-diaminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester (DAPBAP), which has two reactive groups. The simultaneous detection achieved in this work is not only because of the SERS spectral changes of the nanosensor resulting from the dual reactivity of DAPBAP on AuNPs with NO and ONOO- but also by the narrow SERS bands suitable for multiplex detection. Owing to the combination of SERS fingerprinting information and chemical reaction specificity, the nanosensor has great selectivity for NO and ONOO-, respectively. In addition, the nanosensor has a wide linearity range from 0 to 1.0 × 10-4 M with a submicromolar sensitivity. More importantly, simultaneous monitoring of NO and ONOO- in the Raw264.7 cells has been fulfilled by this functional nanosensor, which shows that the SERS strategy will be promising in comprehension of the physiological issues related with NO and ONOO-.

Colorimetric Technique for Antimony Detection Based on the Use of Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with Poly-A Oligonucleotide

A simple and rapid positive–negative colorimetric approach to determine the presence of antimony ions based on the use of gold nanoparticles conjugated with oligonucleotide (poly-A sequence) is developed. Colorimetric measurements reveal that the aggregates of modified gold nanoparticles were afforded after adding antimony ions, thus changing the solution color from pink to blue. The results of aptamer’s interaction on the gold nanoparticle surface with the target analyte can be detected either by photometry or by the naked eye. The realized assay provides rapid (2 min), sensitive (detection limit 10 ng/mL), specific, and precise (variation coefficient less than 3.8%) detection of antimony (III) in drinking water.

Hybridization of Particulate Methane Monooxygenase by Methanobactin-Modified AuNPs.

Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is a characteristic membrane-bound metalloenzyme of methane-oxidizing bacteria that can catalyze the bioconversion of methane to methanol. However, in order to achieve pMMO-based continuous methane-to-methanol bioconversion, the problems of reducing power in vitro regeneration and pMMO stability need to be overcome. Methanobactin (Mb) is a small copper-chelating molecule that functions not only as electron carrier for pMMO catalysis and pMMO protector against oxygen radicals, but also as an agent for copper acquisition and uptake. In order to improve the activity and stability of pMMO, methanobactin–Cu (Mb–Cu)-modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP)–pMMO nanobiohybrids were straightforwardly synthesized via in situ reduction of HAuCl4 to AuNPs in a membrane fraction before further association with Mb–Cu. Mb–Cu modification can greatly improve the activity and stability of pMMO in the AuNP–pMMO nanobiohybrids. It is shown that the Mb–Cu-modified AuNP–pMMO nanobiohybrids can persistently catalyze the conversion of methane to methanol with hydroquinone as electron donor. The artificial heterogeneous nanobiohybrids exhibited excellent reusability and reproducibility in three cycles of catalysis, and they provide a model for achieving hydroquinone-driven conversion of methane to methanol.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing of dopamine by using dihydroxylatopillar[5]arene-modified gold nanoparticles and anionic pillar[5]arene-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride.

An ultrasensitive and highly selective electrochemical method is described for the determination of dopamine (DA). It is based on the use of a multi-functional nanomaterial composed of water-soluble pillar[5]arene (WP5), dihydroxylatopillar[5]arene (2HP5)-modified gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), with an architecture of type 2HP5@GNP@WP5@g-C3N4. The modified GNPs were prepared in the presence of 2HP5 that acts as reducing agent and stabilizer in the formation of GNPs. 2HP5@GNP acts as an electrocatalyst in sensing DA. The WP5@g-C3N4 nanocomposite is obtained by π interaction between WP5 and g-C3N4 after sonication in the presence of WP5. The composite serves as a host for recognition and gathering DA on the surface of the electrode. The host-guest recognition mechanism between WP5 and DA is studied by 1H NMR and UV-vis. The electrode, best operated at a working potential of 0.18V (vs. SCE), works in the concentration range of 0.012-5.0μM DA and has a 4nM detection limit. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of the2HP5@GNP@WP5@g-C3N4 hybrid nanomaterial for application in voltammetric sensing of dopamine.

PH-Controlled Intracellular in Situ Reversible Assembly of a Photothermal Agent for Smart Chemo-Photothermal Synergetic Therapy and ATP Imaging.

To advance anti-tumor efficiency and lessen the adverse effect caused by nanodrug residues in the body, a smart nanoagent system is developed and successfully used in intracellular ATP imaging and in vivo chemo-photothermal synergetic therapy. The nanoagent system is facilely prepared using a DNA complex to modify gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The DNA complex is formed by three oligonucleotides (ATP aptamer, rC-DNA, and rG-DNA). The CG-rich structure in a ternary DNA complex could be exploited for payload of chemotherapeutic medicine doxorubicin (DOX), thus making efficient DOX transport into the tumor site possible. In tumor cells, especially in acidic organelles (e.g., endosome and lysosome), DOX could be rapidly released via the dual stimuli of overexpressed ATP and pH. What is more, the specific recognition of a fluorescently labeled aptamer strand to ATP can achieve the intracellular ATP imaging. pH-controlled reversible folding and unfolding of intermolecular i-motif formed by C-rich strands can lead to intracellular in situ assembly of AuNP aggregates with high photothermal conversion efficiency and promote relatively facile renal clearance of AuNPs through the disassociation of the aggregates in extracellular environments. Experiments in vivo and vitro present feasibility for a synergetic chemo-photothermal therapy. Such an in situ reversible assembly strategy of a chemo-photothermal agent also presents a new paradigm for a smart and highly efficient disease treatment with reduced side effects.

A chiral electrochemical system based on l-cysteine modified gold nanoparticles for propranolol enantiodiscrimination: Electroanalysis and computational modelling

Enantioselective electrochemical sensors seem to hold the promise for a fast and easy alternative for the chiral probing of bioactive molecules. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for the chiral recognition is rarely known, and suitable investigational tools are dearly missed. Therefore, as a proof-of-concept, our study is focused on investigating the interaction mechanism of the enantiomers of a chiral drug molecule, namely propranolol (PRNL) with the surface of bare and l-cysteine (l-Cys) modified gold nanoparticles employing various electrochemical techniques (differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and computational modeling (molecular dynamics simulations). If the strong surface adsorption of PRNL antipodes on bare gold nanoparticles may not be exploited for enantioselective recognition, upon the functionalization of the nanostructures with l-Cys, the almost two fold increase in the oxidation current is also accompanied by a cathodic shift (∼40 mV) of the peak potential for the S(−)-enantiomer. This peak potential shift seems to be the consequence of a favored orientation of the surface adsorbed S(−)-enantiomer towards electron transfer and/or a weaker interaction with the chiral selector and thus a higher free energy of the transient diastereoisomeric complex, in comparison with its R(+)-antipode. Computational modeling highlighted the H-bond donor and acceptor atoms of both the chiral selector (l-Cys) and adsorbates (PRNL enantiomers) responsible for the recorded enantioselective electrochemical signal. Correlations between the observed electrochemical signal and enantioselective molecular interactions occurring at the surface of the electrode may lead the way towards a more rational design of future chiral electrochemical sensing platforms.

A microfluidic colorimetric immunoassay for sensitive detection of altenariol monomethyl ether by UV spectroscopy and smart phone imaging

A novel microfluidic colorimetric immunoassay was developed using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for indicating different concentrations of altenariol monomethyl ether (AME), and UV spectroscopy and smart phone imaging for monitoring color change of the GNPs. Norland Optical Adhesive 81 (NOA 81) was used for simple and rapid fabrication of the microfluidic chip. AME-BSA modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs-BSA-AME) were used as capture probe and the self-magnetism for rapid separation and purification. AME monoclonal antibodies modified gold nanoparticles (GNP-mAbs) which dried on conjugate pad were used as detection probe and the self-catalyst for signal amplification. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed microfluidic colorimetric immunoassay was able to detect AME as low as 12.5 pg/mL for UV spectroscopy (574 nm), and 200 pg/mL for smart phone imaging. The total analysis time is less than 15 min. The immunoassay also has a lower cross-reactivity to AME analogues. It was also evaluated by analyzing fruit samples spiked with AME. The recoveries ranged from 91.19% to 94.15% for UV spectroscopy, and from 90.63% to 93.9% for smart phone imaging. This method can be used for rapid, sensitive, low-cost and portable point-of care testing (POCT) of other mycotoxins or haptens in food samples.

Wireless Nanobioelectronics for Electrical Intracellular Sensing

For the field of bioelectronics to make an impact on healthcare, there is an urgent requirement for the development of “wireless” electronic systems to enable modulation of chemistry inside of cells. Herein we report on an intracellular wireless electronic communication system. This is based on modulating the electrochemistry on gold nanoparticles without the nanoparticles having any physical electrical connection to a power supply at relatively low externally applied potentials. The system is made functional by modifying water-soluble gold nanoparticles (ws-AuNPs) with a Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin sodium salt (Na-ZnTCPP). Na-ZnTCPP modified ws-AuNPs are taken up by cells and are shown to be noncytotoxic. It is demonstrated that the redox state of the Zn-porphyrin modified gold nanoparticles is controlled, and a fluorescent output can be used to measure this during the application of an external electrical potential. When the porphyrin modified nanoparticles were located intracellularly and external potentials were applied, the same effect was observed. This provides an attractive “wireless” approach to develop bioelectronic devices for modulating and sensing cellular behavior.

Multifunctional Molecular Beacons-Modified Gold Nanoparticle as a Nanocarrier for Synergistic Inhibition and in Situ Imaging of Drug-Resistant-Related mRNAs in Living Cells.

Overexpression of adenosine 5'-triphosphate-binding cassette transporters is one of the primary causes of drug resistance in cancer. Downregulating the expression of these transporters by inhibiting the mRNA translation process is an effective approach to cope up with this situation. Herein, multifunctional molecular beacons (MBs)-modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP) as a nanocarrier (MBs-AuNP) is developed for synergistic inhibition and in situ imaging of drug-resistant-related mRNAs in living cells. MBs-AuNP is composed of (i) triple specially designed molecular beacons modified on the surface of AuNP, for binding drug-resistant-related mRNAs, loading doxorubicin (Dox), and reporting the fluorescence signal, and (ii) AuNP, for loading MBs, introducing them into cells, and quenching their fluorescence. After uptake by cells, MBs-AuNP will hybridize with three different drug-resistant-related mRNAs (MDR1 mRNA, MRP1 mRNA, and BCRP mRNA), respectively, which could inhibit their translation to decrease efflux protein expression and lead to AuNP-quenched fluorescence recovery for in situ imaging. Real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and western blot results showed that drug-resistant-related mRNAs and efflux proteins expression both decreased. Dox-loaded MBs-AuNP exhibited higher suppression efficacy compared to that of free Dox against HepG2/ADR (0.35 vs 1.06 μM of IC50) and MCF-7/ADR (2.78 vs >5 μM of IC50). Direct observation of intracellular hybridization events and differentiation of drug-resistant cancer cells or non-drug-resistant cancer cells could be accomplished through fluorescence imaging analysis. This nanocarrier is capable of downregulating the expression of multiple efflux proteins by gene silencing, allows in situ monitoring of silencing events, and thus provides a powerful strategy to cope up with drug resistance at the gene level.

Rapid Visual Detection of Lead and Mercury via Enhanced Crosslinking Aggregation of Aptamer-Labeled Gold Nanoparticles.

A homogenous method is proposed for rapid detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ using gold nanoparticles conjugated with T,G-rich aptamer. In presence of target ions the modified gold nanoparticles aggregate resulting in change of the solution colour from pink (for scattered nanoparticles) to blue (for their aggregates). Besides, the amplification system for this assay was proposed. It is based on the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol and allows decrease the limit of detection to 120 ng/ml for lead and 500 ng/ml for mercury compared to 1 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml for the method without amplification. The developed method is rapid (duration 20 min for environmental water samples), selective toward Pb2+ and Hg2+ and precise. It has a potential for practical application for water quality control and environmental monitoring.

The effect of modified gold nanoparticles on the function of neurons of mice hipocampal brain slices

Amaç: Altın nanoparçacık (AuNP) modifikasyonlarının sinir sistemi fonksiyonunu nasıl etkileyebileceği tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada, AuNp’lerin glikoz (GlikozAuNp), oligonükleotid (15 baz, d(A)15AuNP) veya peptid (negatif amino asit içeren, AspAuNp) ile işlevselleştirilmiş formlarının fare hipokampal nöronları üzerindeki biyoelektriksel etkisinin ex vivo olarak araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: AuNP modifikasyonları UV/Vis spektroskopi, Dinamik Işık Saçılması (DLS) ve Geçirimli Elektron Mikroskobu (TEM) ile karakterize edildi ve ex vivo olarak 4-6 haftalık Balb-c erkek farelerin beyin hipokampüs bölgelerinden alınan kesitlere eklendi, spontan ve uyarılmış aksiyon potansiyelleri (AP) yama kıskacı, tüm hücre tekniği ile kaydedildi. Spontan AP’lerinin en büyük genlik değeri, yükselen eğimi, yarı genişliği, iki pik arasında geçen süre ve ateşleme hızı analiz edildi. Bulgular: Karakterizasyon sonuçları AuNP’lerin yüzey modifikasyonlarının 5-7 nm çapında ve koloidal olduğunu gösterdi. Spontan AP’lerin ateşleme hızı GlikozAuNp (n=9) gurubunda, kontrol (n=9), AspAuNp (n=6) ve d(A)15AuNP (n=9) eklenen gruplara göre en fazla olarak ölçüldü (sırasıyla 10.1±5.5 4.4±3.2 9.5±3.8 ve 6.2±3.0 pik/s, p>0.05). Ek olarak, uyarılmış AP’lerin özelliklerini yansıtan akım voltaj (I-V) analizinde, GlikozAuNp (n=8) gurubunun akım uyarılarına ((-150)–(+150 pA)) cevaben oluşturdukları membran potansiyelleri kontrol (n=8) ve d(A)15AuNP (n=9) gruplarının cevabına göre negatif akım bölgesinde negatife, pozitif akım uyarısı bölgesinde pozitife kaydı. Sonuç: Medikal uygulamalarda kullanılacak AuNP’lerin yüzey modifikasyonlarının hipokampal nöronların AP’lerinin ateşleme hızını arttırarak, patolojik koşulları tetikleyebilecekleri ve daha biyouyumlu formların belirlenmesi gerektiği önerilebilir.