Modified Basalt Fiber Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTS BASED ON BASALT FIBERS

The article examines the results of the research work carried out at the TBKV department of the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture on the creation of samples of thermal and sound insulation products with increased operational properties based on modified basalt fiber. The topicality of the topic is due to the predicted reduction of the world reserves of energy carriers with a simultaneous increase in the volume of consumption and cost, which determined the tendency to increase the requirements for thermal protection of buildings and structures and the energy efficiency of technological processes. Based on this, the priority direction of scientific research is the development of materials and technologies for the production of highly efficient heat and sound insulation products based on environmentally friendly mineral raw materials. One of the representatives of these materials is basalts and their structural analogues (gabbro, syenites) with obtaining various materials when using them as raw materials.Samples of erupted rocks - basalts and their structural analogues - were selected for research. The breeds of deposits of Ukraine: Yanova Dolyna, Usachkivske, Donetske were used directly in the research.To increase the reliability of the results of the experiment and to observe the logical sequence of the tasks, the research was divided into three stages: technological, modification of basalt fiber and production of flexible heat and sound insulation products [1].The question was considered step by step:- production of low-temperature basalt melt with an extended range of working viscosity;- influence of physical, mechanical and rheological properties of basalt melt;- the process of interaction of basalt fiber with an etching solution in order to adjust the chemical composition in the direction of obtaining the maximum content of silica, aluminum, titanium;- determination of the structural characteristics of the modified basalt fiber after thermal stabilization;- the study of sound insulation characteristics was determined by the change in the nature of the distribution of sound energy during its passage through the thickness of the material.The conducted studies allow us to make a transition to the technological parameters of obtaining TKIV. The technology for the production of flexible thermal and sound insulation products based on modified basalt fiber and the study of their operational characteristics was developed.

Flexural performance of recycled concrete beam reinforced with modified basalt fiber and nano-silica

To increase the surface roughness of basalt fiber (BF) and enhance the bonding properties with the concrete matrix, three modified solutions were prepared to treat the BF surface. The BF surface was modified by the best mixture-ratio solution after SEM and AFM tests. Modified basalt fiber (MBF) and nano-silica (NS) were used as reinforcing materials to improve the RC. The MBF and NS contents were used as the mix ratio control parameter. Ten recycled concrete beams were designed. Through a four-point flexural test, the destruction characteristics, deflection, cracking load, maximum bearing capacity, and strain of RC beams were obtained. The effects of replacement rate, MBF content, and NS content on the flexural properties of the RC beams were obtained. The results showed that in comparison to modification by other solutions, the surface roughness of BF was greater with modification by 2.91% KH550 and 5% NS mixed solution. The failure characteristics were similar for natural aggregate concrete beams and RC beams reinforced with MBF and NS; all underwent four stages of ordinary concrete damage. The natural aggregate concrete beams had greater flexural strength and flexural resistance than RC beams. However, the MBF and NS, added separately or together, improved the dehiscence load, peak load, ductility, and tensile strain of the RC beams. The current standards can be used to calculate the cracking moment and ultimate bearing capacity of MBF and NS reinforced RC beams; their effect was significant.

Experimental study of tensile properties of strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCCs) reinforced with innovative twisted basalt fibers

Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) are considered high-performance fiber-reinforced materials owing to their excellent crack-width control capacity and high ductility, but the high cost of reinforcing fibers hinders their extensive application. Basalt fibers, which have excellent mechanical properties and low cost, are promising substitute materials; however, their low shear strength limits the development of ECCs with basalt fibers. In this study, resin modification was adopted to fabricate modified basalt fibers. Fiber shear tests demonstrated that these fibers exhibited higher shear strength than raw basalt fibers. Furthermore, inclined fiber pullout tests demonstrated that, compared to raw basalt fibers, the modified fibers exhibited a lower fiber rupture percentage at various inclinations. Raw basalt fiber composites showed strain-softening behavior with limited strain capacities, while modified fiber composites showed strain-hardening behavior with a strain capacity of up to 0.84 %, a tensile strength of 7.5 MPa, and a crack width of less than 60 μm.

Silane coupling agent impact on surface features of modification of basalt fibers and the rheological properties of basalt fiber reinforced asphalt

Rheological properties of fiber reinforced asphalt (FRA) can be significantly influenced by the surface properties of fibers. Modified basalt fibers are emerging materials used to enhance the performance of FRA. Silane coupling agents (SCAs) make it possible to introduce versatile surface features to basalt fibers (BFs). Six typical SCAs were tested and evaluated for modifications on the rheological properties of BF reinforced asphalt at different high-level temperatures. The specific characteristics of each modified BF was measured by dynamic surface tension meter, denoted as surface energy components (SFEC), calculated using two distinct methods, OWRK (dispersive-polar approach) and vOCG (acid-base approach). The semi-quantitative correlation between SFEC based on each method and rheological properties with regard to temperature response were detailed. Study results show that Van de Waals interaction and acid-base interaction is more suitable to describe the interaction between asphalt and basalt fibers, and the interaction mechanism changes when temperature increases. Our research provides a guidance in the modification of SCAs when used in combination with mineral fillers to improve the overall performance of asphalt mixtures. Additionally, a novel SCA carrying long chain alkanes (UP312) shows high potential for modifying mineral fillers with excellent water resistance and improvement in the rutting resistance of asphalt concrete.

Mechanical and thermal properties of fully green composites from vanillin-based benzoxazine and silane surface modified chopped basalt fibers

By following the rules of green chemistry, a novel composite is developed from a renewable and ecofriendly resource, namely the vanillin. The latter was used as a phenolic precursor for the microwave synthesis of a bio-based benzoxazine resin (Va-BZ). Afterwards, high performance green composites were developed by reinforcing the Va-BZ with various amounts of chopped silane surface modified basalt fibers (BFs). The chemical structure of the Va-BZ monomers was confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The grafting of the silane moiety on the BFs surface was assessed by FTIR and TGA analyses. The autocatalytic ring opening polymerization of the Va-BZ monomers was confirmed by DSC analysis. The mechanical performances of the developed green composites were studied by flexural and tensile investigations. The findings suggested that the maximum amount of 20 wt. BFs afforded the best results, with flexural and tensile strengths of 447 and 460 MPa, respectively. The SEM was used to study the fractured tensile surfaces and elucidated the toughening mechanism. Meanwhile, the TGA showed that the introduction of the BFs markedly improved the thermal stability of the benzoxazine matrix. Finally, the gamma rays shielding effectiveness was studied and revealed the highly benefic role of the BFs. For instance, a 1 cm thick Va-BZ polymer only showed a 6% gamma rays screening ratio, the latter was improved to 18.4% for the composite made of 20 wt.% of treated BFs. Overall, this study confirmed that greener approaches can also result in high performance composite satisfying the needs of exigent applications.

Construction of multi-scaled interfaces for synergetic enhancement in mechanical properties of basalt fiber/nylon-6 composites

In this study, a multi-scale interface (molecular scale and nanoscale) strategy is proposed to modify basalt fibers (BF) to improve the mechanical strength of BF-reinforced PA6 composites. The target sample achieved a tensile strength of 225.9 MPa, which is 50.8 % and 31.8 % higher than that of the composites corresponding to unmodified BF and molecular scale modified BF, respectively. For multi-scaled interface, the molecular scale promotes the infiltration of the fiber by the resin matrix, and the nanoscale is conducive to the formation of a mechanical interlocking structure between the PA6 matrix and the fiber. It is through the above-mentioned dual effects of multi-scale interfaces that the BF-reinforced PA6 composites exhibit attractive mechanical properties.

Study on the dispersibility of modified basalt fiber and its influence on the mechanical properties of concrete

• The distribution characteristics of fiber were quantitatively evaluated by the dispersal degree test with response surface method and cutting plane image analysis technique. • The significance of modified parameters on the dispersibility of BF was studied by the variance analysis. • Surface modification demonstrates great potential for large scale production of basalt fiber-reinforced concrete. With the aim of improving the dispersion property of basalt fibers in concrete, its surface was modified using hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. The distribution characteristics of fiber were quantitatively evaluated by the dispersal degree test with response surface method and cutting plane image analysis technique. Besides, the effect of modified basalt fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete was investigated. The results show that the surface roughness of basalt fiber was increased, the toughness of the fiber did not significantly degrade after being modified by the hydrochloric acid solution. When the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 4 mol/L, the modification time was 15 h and the modification temperature was 50 °C, the fiber dispersion degree in cement suspension paste reached 84%, the fiber dispersion coefficient reached a higher level of 0.9 in the harden concrete matrix. The splitting tensile and flexural strength of modified basalt fiber-reinforced concrete are improved. In contrast to untreated basalt fiber-reinforced concrete, a higher splitting tensile strength and greater flexural strength were obtained after curing for 28 days. Furthermore, the pull-out load, average bond strength and pull-out work of concrete with modified fiber were 128%, 129% and 71% higher than concrete with neat fiber. Surface modification method by HCl solution demonstrates great potential for large scale production of basalt fiber-reinforced concrete.

Polyurethane functionalized silica aerogel for in-tube solid-phase microextraction of estrogens prior to high performance liquid chromatography detection

In order to improve the extraction performance and stability of silica aerogel, the polyurethane was used to functionalize silica aerogel. A silica aerogel hybridized with polyurethane was in situ prepared on the surface of basalt fibers for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME). When a polyetheretherketone tube filled with the modified basalt fibers was combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), an online IT-SPME-HPLC method for the detection of five estrogens in environment samples was developed. This method achieved wide linear ranges (0.1–50.0 μg L−1 and 0.03–100.0 μg L−1), low limits of detection (0.01 μg L−1 and 0.03 μg L−1), high enrichment factors (1178–3102), and acceptable relative standard deviations (n = 5, 2.1–4.9% and 3.7–6.9%) for intra-day and inter-day tests. Compared with other methods, the method exhibited some superiorities including online analysis, better sensitivity and faster test. It has been verified that the method can sensitively determine some estrogens from water samples.

Low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio digestate from high-rate anaerobic baffled reactor facilitates heterotrophic/autotrophic nitrifiers involved in nitrogen removal

In this study, baffled anaerobic–aerobic reactors (AOBRs) with modified basalt fiber (MBF) carriers and felt were used to treat domestic wastewater (DWW). The influent was first treated in anaerobic compartments, with the NH4+-N containing digestate refluxed into aerobic compartment for nitrification. The nitrified liquid was channeled to the anaerobic compartments for further denitrification. Under optimal conditions, AOBR with MBF carriers could remove 91% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 81% total nitrogen (TN), with biomass production increased by 7.6%, 4.5% and 8.7% in three successive anaerobic compartments compared to the control. Biological viability analysis showed that live cells outnumbered dead cells in bio-nests. Metagenomics analysis showed that multiple metabolic pathways accounted for nitrogen conversion in anaerobic and aerobic compartments. More importantly, low COD/TN ratio digestate facilitated heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) species growth in aerobic compartment. This study provides a promising strategy to source treatment of DWW from urban communities.

High performance green composite from vanillin-based benzoxazine containing phthalonitrile and silane surface modified basalt fibers

Benzoxazine containing phthalonitrile, as one of the most advanced high performance thermosetting resin, has gained a lot of attention in the last decades. Indeed, the combination of the thermally activated ring-opening polymerization of the benzoxazine and the cyano addition reaction of the phthalonitrile allows the development of robust polymeric networks. Following this path, a renewable natural resource, vanillin, was used to develop a new benzoxazine containing phthalonitrile thermosetting system. The newly developed monomers present the advantage of a simple synthesis process along with an autocatalytic polymerization mechanism. The molecular structures of the synthesized monomers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The curing behavior was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The newly developed monomers were then reinforced with a silane surface modified basalt fibers (BFs) allowing the preparation of a high performance green composite. The silane surface modification of the BFs was confirmed by FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The tensile and bending tests highlighted the remarkable mechanical properties of the developed green composite. Finally, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the mechanism of stress transfer between the matrix and the fillers. Overall, the developed green composite can be seen as a promising substitute to composites made from glass fibers.

Nano-SiO2 modified basalt fiber for enhancing mechanical properties of oil well cement

In this paper, the surface of basalt fiber (BF) was roughened with glacial acetic acid solution (HAc), and then modified with bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl) ammonia. Finally, nano-silica was loaded on the fiber surface for modification by hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The composition and microstructure of basalt fiber were characterized by FT-IR, AFM, SEM, XPS, and EDS. The effect of the modification of basalt fibers on the mechanical properties of oil well cement was studied. The flexural strength of the cement stone added with modified basalt fibers was increased by 37.5% and 27.3% compared with that of blank cement stone and unmodified basalt fiber cement stone after 28 days of curing at 80 °C under normal pressure, respectively. Fiber monofilament pull-out experiments and SEM analysis showed that the nano-silica on the surface of basalt fibers can improve the bond strength between the fibers and the cement matrix, thus enhancing the bridging effect of basalt fibers in the cement matrix and finally improving the mechanical properties of cement stone.

Enhanced wastewater treatment by modified basalt fiber bio-carriers: Effect of etching and surface functionalization

The application of biological carriers holds a central position in wastewater treatment for biofilm-mediated degradation processes. In this study, the surface of basalt fibers (BF) was modified by combined etching and grouping (surface functionalization via attaching glutamic acid) to produce MBFEG. The etching modification enhanced the surface properties and specific surface area of BF. However, combined etching and functionalization resulted in the successful loading of amino acids on the surface of MBFEG, ultimately improving surface hydrophilicity, adsorption properties, and biophilicity of the bio-carrier. Three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that the combined modification was highly suitable in improving microbial activity and biophilicity. The microbial communities on MBFEG bio-carrier were rich and diverse indicating a stronger degree of biogeochemical cycling, indicating enrichment of nitrogen and carbon cycles. Conclusively, etching and grouping modification technology hold a promising future for BF application in biological wastewater treatment schemes.

Research on the micro-nano characteristic of basalt fiber and its impact on the performance of relevant asphalt mastic

The surface properties have significant impacts on the performance of fiber composites. To evaluate the effects of fiber modification on the rheological and interface adhesion properties of basalt fiber asphalt mastic (BFAM), basalt fiber (BF) was modified using a silane coupling agent to prepare BFAM. The micro-nano characteristics of BF were evaluated by Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Surface energy test and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The rheologicalproperties of BFAM were examined by dynamic shear rheological (DSR) test and bending beam rheological (BBR) test. Besides, the pull-out test was employed to assess the interfacial adhesion between fiber and asphalt, the relationship between the rheologicaland adhesion properties was also analyzed. The results showed that modified basalt fiber (MBF) has higher surface energy and roughness than the original fiber. The reaction process on fiber surface slowed down when the modification time exceeded 30 min and the concentration exceeded 2.0%. MBF showed a better enhancement effect on the high / low temperature rheological properties of asphalt mastic than BF. The enhancement of rheological properties is positively correlated with the interface adhesion. The findings provide significant guidance for the application and promotion of fiber asphalt pavements.

Calcium modified basalt fiber bio-carrier for wastewater treatment: Investigation on bacterial community and nitrogen removal enhancement of bio-nest

Modified basalt fiber (MBF) is a sustainable material studied as novel wastewater treatment bio-carrier recently. This work studied the effects of calcium modification on the bacterial affinity of modified fiber (Ca-MBF), bacterial community, and nitrogen removal performance. Results showed that Ca-MBF with hydrophilic (62.66°) and positively-charged (7.80 mV) surface accelerated bacterial attachment. Volatile suspended solids on Ca-MBF (5.46 g VSS/g fiber) were increased by 2.61 times after modification, with high bacterial activity when bio-carriers were cultured in activated sludge. Extracellular polymeric substances on Ca-MBF was 4.35 times higher and consisted of more protein. Bio-nests with unique aerobic/anaerobic structure formed on the ultrafine carriers in bioreactor. Ca-MBF bioreactor exhibited total nitrogen removal efficiency above 72.2% and COD removal efficiency above 94.2% with more stable performance than unmodified carrier in long-term treatment using synthetic domestic wastewater.16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed enhanced abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in Ca-MBF bio-nest.

Enhancement of nitrogen removal in hybrid wastewater treatment system using ferric citrate modified basalt fiber biocarrier.

Developing biofilm carriers is of great significance for efficient wastewater treatment. In this work, ferric citrate was used to modify inorganic basalt fiber (BF) biocarrier, thus improving its surface properties and the nitrogen removal in hybrid wastewater treatment system. The results showed that the iron element on modified basalt fiber (Fe-MBF) existed in the forms of ferric citrate, Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3, and FeO. The ferric deposition increased the surface roughness, hydrophilicity and reduced the electronegativity of BF. The water contact angle of BF and Fe-MBF was 117.46° and 64.85°, respectively. The surface zeta potential of BF was -17.64 mV, but shifted positively (-8.67 mV) after deposition modification. The microorganism adhesion tests showed that the attached biomass and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content on Fe-MBF biocarrier significantly increased and the attached bacteria had also high viability. The Fe-MBF biocarrier showed good nitrogen removal performance in the hybrid bioreactor, with total nitrogen removal efficiency up to 95.35±0.82%, increasing by about 16% compared to that with unmodified BF biocarrier. This work also provided a green modification strategy to enhance biofilm carrier in wastewater treatment.

Improving Strength and Toughness of Oil Well Cement with Modified Basalt Fiber

Due to the influence of complex downhole conditions and inherent brittleness of cement, cement is easily broken, resulting in interlayer sealing failure. To solve this problem, basalt fiber is used to enhance the mechanical properties of cement paste. However, due to the weak adhesion between the fiber and the cement base, the excellent mechanical properties of the basalt fiber cannot be fully exerted. Therefore, the surface of the basalt fiber was modified. The basalt surface was treated by KH-550, the surface of basalt fiber was loaded with silica by the sol–gel method. The chemical structure and elemental composition of the basalt fiber were analyzed with IR and EDS, and the morphologies of the fiber surface and composite material were analyzed with SEM. The fiber monofilament is drawn to analyze the performance of the basalt fiber interface, and after modification, the bonding performance between the basalt interface and the cement is enhanced. The flexural strength and compressive strength of cement-based composites were tested. The results showed that the flexural strength and compressive strength of modified fiber cement were 27.7% and 25.2% higher than those of blank cement and 10.7% and 16.1% higher than those of the unmodified basalt fiber cement. The interface bonding performance between modified basalt fiber and cement matrix was enhanced. The analysis showed that the modified basalt fiber cement effectively improved the toughness of oil well cement and cementing quality.

Synthesis, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Composite Materials Based on Secondary Polypropylene and Modified Basalt Fibers

Composite materials based on secondary polypropylene and short-chopped basalt fibers are presented. Composites contain from 5 to 20% basalt fibers; each composite is heated at a temperature of 500, 650, and 750°C. For all samples, stress–strain curves are obtained. The tensile modulus reaches 2120 MPa at a basalt fiber content of 20%, while for the initial secondary polypropylene this modulus is 705 MPa. The strength is 44.5 MPa (for the initial secondary polypropylene, this value is 32.0 MPa), and the specific impact strength is 18.3 kJ/m2 (for the initial secondary polypropylene, this value is 14.4 kJ/m2).

Compatibility of Components and Relaxation Properties of Composites Based on Secondary Polypropylene and Modified Basalt Fibers

The compatibility of polypropylene with chemical hydrocarbon structures formed on the surface of basalt fibers is predicted using a nonstandard method of their processing. CCl4 steaming is performed in a flow reactor to replace oxygen atoms with chlorine atoms, after which the chlorinated surface is treated in a stream of CH4 to replace chlorine with hydrocarbon groups. The chemical structure of hydrocarbon groups most compatible with polypropylene is determined by calculations using the Cascade computer program. IR spectroscopy and microanalysis confirm the presence of groups and on the surface of basalt fibers, which are chemically bonded to silicon atoms. The resulting composites based on secondary polypropylene reinforced with processed basalt fibers show a significant increase in the relaxing stress and modulus at all observation times.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ДОРОЖНОЙ ОДЕЖДЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ЦЕМЕНТОБЕТОНА

the results of studies on the use of modified basalt fiber reinforced cement concrete coating in the design of hard pavement are presented. It is shown that the use of fiber cement concrete in road structures allows to reduce the thickness of the coating, while having a margin of safety in the concrete layer, and the frame of micro-reinforcing components allows to reduce penetrating loads.

Study on mechanical properties of alkali-resistant basalt fiber reinforced concrete

The alkali resistant basalt fiber (ABF), which are the modified basalt fiber with the property of the alkali resistant, has potential application in concrete. This study investigated the alkali resistance of ABF and the unmodified basalt fiber (BF) by soaking the fibers into the simulated alkaline solution of concrete. The effects of BF and ABF on the mechanical properties of concrete were studied. The results showed that, the compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of the concrete with the addition of 0.1% ABF were increased by 2.5%, 17.2% and 12.1%, respectively. The measurements of mercuryintrusionporosimeter (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the addition of ABF improved the pore size distribution of concrete. Moreover, the bonding between the fibers and the matrix of concrete was enhanced.