Modern Public Administration Research Articles

The Modernization of Public Administration in Portugal, 1950s-1970s

The purpose of this article is to address the modernization process of public administration in Portugal from the 1950s to 1970s, a period largely characterised by policies created and implemented by Salazar as President of the Council of Ministers, during 36 years of government (1932-1968). This paper is based on empirical evidence collected from various sources and written from the perspective of a practitioner. It derives from the professional experience of the author, who from 1970 onwards was personally involved in public management, policy formulation and implementation.

Сучасні західні управлінські моделі

У статті розглядаються сучасні західні моделі модернізації державного управління – New Public Management (NPM – «новий публічний менеджмент») та Good Governance (GG – «належне управління»). Такий аналіз потрібен для розробки української моделі публічного управління з активним і розвиненим громадянським суспільством.

BELMONTE MARTÍN, Irene, La modernización de la gestión tributaria local en España. El caso de Suma Gestión Tributaria de la Diputación de Alicante

El libro analiza la modernización de la Administración pública y, en particular, de la española, a partir del estudio de SUMA gestión tributaria de la diputación provincial de Alicante (1990-2013), organismo autónomo de la misma, que constituye uno de los referentes exitosos de la gestión tributaria local. Resultado de la investigación desarrollada en la tesis doctoral de la que trae causa, la obra combina adecuadamente las perspectivas de la Ciencia Política y de la Administración y de la Ciencia Jurídica, ofreciendo una visión multifacética del objeto analizado.

The development of China’s public administration education

China’s practices and knowledge of administrative sciences have a long history, but modern public administration, as a relatively new discipline, has been established for less than a century. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the historical development of modern public administration education in China. This paper reviews and analyzes the development of China’s modern public administration education in two different periods, namely, before and after reform and the opening up of China. Finally, it dissects the current problems and challenges facing China’s public administration from an academic perspective and considers possible future trends for modern public administration in China.

Zarządzanie audytem wewnętrznym w procesie sprawnego i skutecznego funkcjonowania nowoczesnej administracji publicznej

Zarządzanie audytem wewnętrznym w procesie sprawnego i skutecznego funkcjonowania nowoczesnej administracji publicznej

The modernization of public administration in case of information society’s development

The article actualizes the information society’s formation as a postindustrial form of society’s socio-economic organization based on the mass use of information and telecommunication technologies (ICT). The growing rates of social development is followed by modification of the civil society’s structure: network communities and organizations. In these conditions public authorities are forced to look for a new and more efficient technologies of administration (management). However, according to the Global Innovation Index (GII-2017), a gap in the innovative opportunities remains across in the world (experience of developed and developing countries) which shows the low level of public administration in new information conditions. The solution of this “information inequality” becomes possible only within an integrated approach, because the information society is a catalyst for the socio-economic development of a state. The analysis made it possible to actualize the problems of interaction between public administration and the society, provide possible ways of their solving to modernize the system of public administration. The collaboration between advanced ICTs such as Internet of Things (IoT) (“smart city”; “smart environment”) and public administration contributes to the progress in the field of sustainable development of a country in general.

Philosophy for Open Government

Open government is a term that has been built socially for a long time; however it is from the promotion that the Obama administration from the United States realizes that it has achieved a high penetration in the political and public agenda of the various countries. The main concern of open government is to articulate efforts of government capacities and modernization of public administration, following the principles of transparency with high openness, participation and collaboration. The aim of this article is to analyze from philosophy the principles that should guide the model of governance and public administration to meet the ultimate goal of the state cosmos.

ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF STRUCTURAL MODERNIZATION OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY

Introduction. Due to constant external and internal threats and the need to overcome their consequences, the regional economy requires structural modernization. Especially it concerns the determination of regional policy priorities, mechanisms for its implementation, and the improvement of tools and methods for the implementation of modernization measures. Purpose. The article aims to substantiate the content of the structural modernization of the regional economy and its essential features. Results. In the process of scientific research, the interest of scientists to the problem of structural modernization of the regional economy has been investigated. The existence of three scientific approaches to the understanding of the concept of “modernization of the regional economy” has been provided. Among these approaches, we can distinguish the following ones: evolutionary, process and systemic approaches. The content and intrinsic features of the structural modernization of the regional economy are presented through modernization of economic policy, modernization of public administration as well as regulation and modernization of the sectoral structure of the economy. The author’s understanding of the category under study is given. It is stated that the concept of “modernization of regional economy” is a process of formation, transition to new forms of regional development or movement to modern types of regional structure, which consists of reflection of the system of interaction between regions and state central bodies and is accompanied by qualitative transformational changes of the regional system. The further tasks of scientific studies on the substantiation of the theoretical and methodological base of qualitative and quantitative estimation of modernization processes of the regional economy are determined.

Establishing the link between representative bureaucracy and performance: The South African case

Representative bureaucracy is a critical element of modern public administration and governance. Since the advent of nonracial democracy, the South African government has transformed the apartheid bureaucracy into a new public service that closely mirrors the country's diverse population. Questions remain, however, about how this demographic transformation has impacted the public service. Grounded in the theory of representative bureaucracy, we use a mixed methods approach to examine the relationship between representation of historically disadvantaged groups and performance of national departments in South Africa. Analyses of panel data indicate that as national departments become more representative by employing a greater percentage of Blacks, they become more effective at achieving their goals. Interviews with officials in national departments corroborate this and reveal a range of underlying pathways linking representation of historically disadvantaged groups to performance.

Modernization of public administration of the social development of regions in the context of the reform of decentralization in Ukraine

Modernization of public administration of the social development of regions in the context of the reform of decentralization in Ukraine

E-GOVERNMENT VERSUS SMART GOVERNMENT: JORDAN VERSUS THE UNITED STATES

The purpose of the research paper is to examine the differences between e-government and smart government and how will smart governments benefit modern public administrations and service delivery. It seeks to compare and contrast between smart government and e-government. In addition, it compares the application of smart government and e-government in the United States and Jordan. The research idea is based on the observation that the concept of e-government is relatively new in the modern world. Nevertheless, it has, in the last few decades, enabled governments to serve citizens using the internet technology. In addition, technology has allowed governments to obtain, process, manipulate, store, retrieve and report data on an efficient and reliable manner. The term ‘e-government’ refers to the development, adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve the service delivery and activities of the public sector. Although there are many definitions of the term, it is generally agreed that the use of internet-enabled application to allow interactions between the government and outside groups are the key aspects of e-Government. An in-depth research method is based on the qualitative search of information from 13 credible sources. The study finds that the domain of E-Administration involves the initiatives that deal with improving internal working in the public sector. Further, it finds several differences and similarities between Jordan’s E-government model and that adopted from the US. It finds that America has a longer history of using digital systems in public service provision. Also, United States is already moving from e-government to Smart Government System. Jordan’s new system is still an e-government establishment rather than a Smart Government system, despite the fact that both systems have related objectives.

The development of modern public administration in East Asia

East Asia has one of the most successful economies in the world today, so public administration as a practice as well as a discipline has arguably played a pivotal role in such a developmental process. However, there are not many readable references on such issues. Accordingly, this article will first discuss the issue of East Asian development models, after which it will discuss the civil service entrance examinations as an East Asian model of bureaucratic recruitment. This article will then discuss the development of modern public administration in three dimensions (i.e., practice, education, and research), after which it will discuss major issues and challenges of public administration in China, Japan, and South Korea.

Investigation of the nature and necessity of public audit as a vector of modernization of public administration and financial control in Ukraine

Economic nature and purpose of public audit are revealed in the article. Necessity and importance of establishment and functioning of the institution of public audit in Ukraine is proved as a prerequisite for modernization of the national system of public administration and financial control in order to ensure transparency, efficiency and economy of budgetary funds, state and municipal property, transparency and public accountability. Comprehensive approach to determining the nature and direction of public audit is proposed on the basis of systematization of international experience in this area and approaches of public audit, and also the conditions of its formation in our country are examined. Establishment of the institute of public audit in Ukraine will ensure the implementation of constitutional principles of the public authorities, an independent expert-analytical evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency of the public authorities and providing full, transparent and impartial information for general public about obtaining audit results; constant upgrading of systems and mechanisms of public administration and financial control; timely detection and prevention of violations of social values and interests, duties and tasks and others by officials.

ПРО РОЗМЕЖУВАННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ ЯК СУБ’ЄКТА І ЯК ПРОЦЕСУ

The article attempts to differentiate between public administration as a subject of legal relations and as a relevant activity, a function that is inherent in it. It is stated that public administration as a separate legal institution within the framework of administrative law is at the stage of development in post-Soviet countries, including Ukraine, competing with theories and sciences of public administration, which a large number of experts recognize as inappropriate with modern public administration. and administration. At the same time, there is no unanimity of views, terminology is used, which has a double meaning. In the administrative law of Western European and North American countries, public administration is mainly defined as a set of bodies and institutions that exercise public power through the implementation of laws, regulations and other actions in the public interest. There are a large number of scientific definitions of public administration and public administration. The definition of "public administration" has the following closely related meanings - an integrated state apparatus (policies, rules, procedures, systems, organizational structures, staff, etc.), which is funded by the state budget and is responsible for managing and coordinating the executive branch and its interaction with other stakeholders in the state, society and the external environment; - management and implementation of various government measures related to the implementation of laws, regulations and decisions of the government and management related to the provision of public services. Thus, it would be logical to follow a structural approach, according to which public administration will be considered primarily as a set of state bodies and other public institutions designed to organize the effective functioning of society.

Challenges of Modern Public Administration and Ethical Decision-Making

The ąuestion of ethics is one closely linked to human existence involving character traits, conduct, ethics and morals of human beings. As, first and foremost, ethics has to do with actions of man, it reąuires adjustments in one s actions and attitudes, espe-cially in the case of public administration, its management activities, decision-making processes, leadership and administrators in relation not only to their colleagues and superiors but the citizenry and general public having in mind the basie principle of de-mocracy and its main attribute that is public participation in governing public affairs. The paper consists of several parts dealing with aspects of traditional and modern dem-ocratic public administration in relation to the active participation of citizens, ethical public management and leadership connected with the ethical decision-making processes, ethical models of decisions and their conceivable application in public administration.

Методика внутреннего аудита казенного учреждения

In the process of public administration reform there has begun the implementation of modern international control and auditing standards in the public sector. The need for the improving of the efficiency of public administration requires the use of enhancement processes of public finance application and use, which in turn depends on the quality of feedback. The feedback was provided earlier by the control and auditing services, which were recording the cases of violation but at the same time, the evolution of the public internal financial control requires a shift in emphasis from the detection of violations to the analysis of the processes of the use of the resources. Not downplaying the importance of the elimination of these violations, the analysis of the main processes which involved the spending of budgetary funds, the identification of bottlenecks in such processes and introducing recommendations aimed at minimizing of the occurrence probability of adverse events is now the prevalent task of the modern state of the public internal auditing. Effective public internal auditing is designed to provide continuous assessment of the state internal control and it should help in the conditions of modern changing environment and regulatory shifts, by providing modern public administration. However, the liquidation or slow transformation in the process of reorganization of existing control structures, creates the risk of loss of the previously accumulated experience, as well as ineffective implementation of international standards of internal control and internal auditing, testifying to the fact of relevance growth of the research topic. This paper provides with the technique of internal auditing of state-owned institutions, which was developed on the basis of synergy works of domestic and foreign scholars and practitioners.

A contribuição do Curso de Gestão Pública da Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA para a modernização da administração pública em Santana do Livramento/RS

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a contribuição do Curso de Gestão Pública da Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA para a modernização da Administração Pública em Santana do Livramento. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa utilizou-se o método de estudo de caso que foi desenvolvido na UNIPAMPA. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e as análises foram desenvolvidas sob o viés qualitativo. Como resultado, identificou-se que, hoje a contribuição do curso de Gestão Pública da UNIPAMPA tem sido essencial para a busca de melhorias na prestação de serviços da Prefeitura Municipal de Santana do Livramento, sendo esta instituição a mais beneficiada tanto com a produção acadêmica do Curso de Gestão Pública, quanto com o aproveitamento de egressos. A urgente necessidade de qualificar e capacitar os gestores públicos locais fez surgir o interesse por formação continuada dos gestores públicos locais, sendo atualmente ofertado pela UNIPAMPA também o Curso de Pós-graduação Lato Sensu em Gestão Púbica.

Las principales diferencias de la organización administrativa de la época republicana y de la época imperial

La que podemos denominar “administración pública” de la época republicana romana se caracterizaba por su adaptación a las siguientes reglas: temporalidad limitada en el ejercicio de los cargos públicos, elección popular de sus titulares, gratuidad en su desempeño, pluralidad de titulares para un mismo cargo y colegialidad entre ellos, ausencia de jerarquía y autonomía e independencia de cada titular, carga personal en los gastos causados en el ejercicio de los cargos públicos. El régimen imperial introdujo las reglas exactamente contrarias. Si se tiene presente que estas reglas contrarias aún rigen la organización administrativa de los Estados modernos, se colige que las bases de la moderna administración derivan del Imperio romano.

An Analysis of the Ethics Infrastructure and Ethical Climate in Slovenian Public Administration

Abstract In consideration of the fact that public administrations worldwide face a number of challenges, many governments are dedicated to improving the ethical climate in public administrations. The same issue is also the focus of the attention of many transnational associations. The basic goal is to ensure the development of comparable ethical climates, ethical behaviour in different public administrations and to develop comparable, suitable ethics infrastructures to enable this. Modern public administrations must bring ethical conduct to the fore and resist unethical behaviour. There are different ideas on how to build ethics infrastructures in public administrations, and examples of good practice that could facilitate the development of such infrastructures are found in the public and private sectors of different countries. In this paper, we connect ethics infrastructures and ethical climates. The evaluation of Slovenia’s ethics infrastructures is based on the framework prepared by the OECD, using its questionnaire developed by Victor and Cullen. The results show that there is no general relationship between ethics infrastructures and ethical climates in public administrations. Nevertheless, some determinants of ethics infrastructures correlate to a high degree to the ethical climate, the strongest impact on ethics climates being the ethical infrastructure’s determinant “public involvement and scrutiny”.

Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Establish a Tariff System for Home Health Care Services

INTRODUCTIONIn Italy, as in other major industrialized countries, the recent economic crisis and the current epidemiological trends have highlighted the inadequacy of health systems to respond to the evolution of population requirements. In this regard, the most important societal challenge is aging, often associated with chronic disease and increased multimorbidity; nevertheless, the prospective cost of an aging society will not be sustainable in terms of healthcare and social services (Grabowski & Gruber, 2007; Kuhn & Nuscheler, 2011; Rechel, Doyle, Grundy, & McKee, 2009). The Italian regional administration does not often adopt health service delivery policies that address the challenge presented by the aging of the population. Few policies are aimed at increasing the delivery of local services for the elderly, and even fewer are able to provide for both health and social needs (Network Non Autosufficienza, 2013). This is particularly true for the Campania region, which, over the past several years, has experienced a steady increase in the number of elderly patients (and others) receiving home care; this increase has been accompanied by a growing commitment from the regional government to adopt strategies to promote an integrated home care assistance program that will be effective and economically sustainable.At the end of 2011, the Campania regional government launched a study aimed at implementing a tariff system for the provision of home and palliative care services. The study was carried out with the support of FormezPA (i.e., center services, assistance, studies, and training for the modernization of public administration; the organization acts for the Department of Public Administration of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers) as part of the POATI lealth Project (i.e., the Operative Project for Technical Assistance of the Italian Ministry of Health), with the aim of improving administrative and governance skills in regions identified by the European Union as having high levels of debt. To determine the tariff system, the regional government set up two working groups: one to identify profiles of home care and palliative care activities (i.e., a system for the classification of patient care complexity), and the second to propose a tariff system for home care and palliative care based on the profiles identified. The latter group used a time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) system to analyze the average resources absorbed by each care profile identified.The local health authority managers for home care and palliative care services formed the working groups. This study has two distinguishing features: (1 ) it established a system of tariffs for services provided during a time frame defined by an individualized care plan (i.e., the care plan defined for each patient), and (2) the method of calculating the daily cost of care (i.e., the cost of a standard day, including access by all healthcare professionals needed to care for the patient at home). The daily rate of care forms the basis for calculating the average daily tariff, the monthly tariff, and the tariff for the entire patient cycle.The aim of this study is to use TDABC to analyze the experience of the Campania regional government in establishing a tariff system for home health care services delivered.BACKGROUNDObtaining accurate cost information for decision making on strategy, reimbursement tariffs, and management is a fundamental challenge for policymakers, healthcare administrators, and researchers in healthcare accounting (Cardinaels, Roodhooft, & Van Herck, 2004; Cardinaels & Soderstrom, 2013; Eldenburg & Kallapur, 2000; Gil & I lartmann, 2007; 1 Iovenga, 1996; 1 Isu & Qu, 2012; Pettersen, 2001). The cost accounting system plays a critical role, but it is difficult to design an effective system because healthcare organizations have different information needs; indeed, any effective cost accounting system is based on an understanding of the information that is needed and what it allows us to do (Cannavacciuolo, Illario, Ippolito, & Ponsiglione, 2015). …