Modern Young People Research Articles

Migration Attitudes of Modern Young People: Opinions, Views, Mood (on the Example of the Republic of Bashkortostan)

The article is devoted to the study of the attitudes of modern youth related to the possibilities and prospects of migration and emigration change of permanent place of residence – both within the country and abroad. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the positive and negative consequences of migration behavior. The authors rely on empirical material obtained as a result of an online survey of respondents living in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Статья посвящена исследованию установок современной молодежи, связанных с возможностями и перспективами миграции и эмиграции, смены постоянного места жительства – как внутри страны, так и за ее пределами. Особое внимание уделяется анализу положительных и отрицательных последствий миграционного поведения. Авторы опираются на эмпирический материал, полученный в результате онлайн-анкетирования респондентов, проживающих в Республике Башкортостан.

Analysis on the Phenomenon of "Disconnection" among Young People under the Background of New Media

With the rapid development of Internet technology, new media, as a new mode of communication, has profoundly changed people's production, life and way of thinking. In this context, young people as the backbone of society, their behavior characteristics and values are also profoundly affected by new media, and the phenomenon of modern young people's parental disconnection has increasingly attracted people's attention. This paper aims to explore the phenomenon of parental disconnection among young people under the environment of new media, analyze its causes, and explore the influence of new media on this phenomenon. Focusing on family education, social policies and new media environment, a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people will help us better understand and cope with the phenomenon of disconnection of young people in the new media era, and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for family relations, adolescent education and mental health.

Features of Assertiveness of Boys and Girls with Different Coping Strategies

Introduction. The relevance of identifying the features of assertive behavior of modern young people with various coping strategies in modern society lies in effective interpersonal interaction with society. A review of research on this issue has shown that assertive behavior is a “mature” behavior aimed at countering manipulative behavior. Coping strategies in the framework of theoretical analysis seem to be an important element of assertive behavior. Purpose. To identify the features of assertive behavior of boys and girls with different coping strategies.Materials and Methods. In this study, methods such as analysis of scientific literature, observation, conversation, the use of standardized techniques (methods for diagnosing the level of assertiveness by V. Kaponi and T. Novak, methods for diagnosing personal aggressiveness and conflict by E. P. Ilyin and P. A. Kovalev) and methods of statistical data processing (descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallace mathematical criterion) were used.Results. A theoretical research model has been developed, according to which assertive behavior includes cognitivesemantic, affective and behavioral components that explain in detail the features of personality interaction with society through assertive and coping behavior. The sample was divided into three groups according to the criterion of the predominant type of coping. As a result of statistical data processing, it was revealed that the level of assertiveness of respondents focused on finding social support is situational. Respondents using problem-solving strategies are characterized by a high level of assertiveness, while respondents focused on avoiding the problem have an average level of assertiveness.Discussion. The assertive behavior of young people as self-affirming behavior is interrelated with the strategies of coping behavior used. The results of the study showed that coping strategies of various orientations are typical for people with different levels of assertiveness. This indicates the high practical significance of the results obtained in any practical activity aimed at adapting a person to society

USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGHER SCHOOL TEACHERS’ TRAINING

The article considers the role of information technologies in the educational process of higher school teachers. It is noted that information technologies have become an integral component of the content of training, which contribute to the implementation principles of developmental education allow to form modern young people knowledgeable in information and communication technologies. The article defines the problem of training teachers for the use of network technologies not only from the standpoint of forming the components of information-operational activity, but also from the point of view of the development of other components of information culture – information worldview, value orientations and needs. The authors give examples of preparing teachers in European countries and America. Particular attention is paid to the use of Internet resources in teaching, obtaining up-to-date information related to the professional activities of the student, as well as the system for monitoring the educational process in a foreign language. Internet resources provide the teacher with special opportunities for use in practical classes. The World Wide Web is a real support for a teacher who has the opportunity to use Internet resources in various types of educational activities. In this regard, the information culture of a teacher, which is a system of knowledge that provides purposeful independent activity to optimally meet individual information needs, the implementation of distance and online types of learning. The article emphasizes that the most important components of a teacher’s information culture are the ability to define and formulate goals, to set tasks, to build informational models of the processes and phenomena being studied, analyze information models using automated information systems and interpret the obtained results, predict possible consequences of their decisions, use modern information technology. Every teacher should strive for this in the process of their own selfimprovement.

Развитие профориентационной работы в условиях цифровизации

The problem of choosing a profession is relevant at this moment, since modern young people often have little idea what profession suits them and who they want to work with. It is thanks to digitalization that career guidance has become more accessible to schoolchildren. Previously, career guidance in schools was conditional: students were introduced to professions only at the theoretical level. With the advent of various digital platforms and the Internet, career guidance has become real for any student, and schools and universities often resort to such gadgets. Thanks to modern services, students can study in detail the aspects of certain professions and make a choice regarding their future.

Influence of competitive attitude and self-efficacy on task motivation in vocational high school students: the moderating role of competitive environment in the context of 'Lying Flat' culture.

In recent years, "lying flat" has emerged as a significant term in contemporary discourse, referring to the phenomenon where modern young people choose passive resistance due to a lack of motivation when facing various situations. These trends have the potential to diminish the future learning enthusiasm and holistic development of vocational high school students, thus impacting their competitiveness in the future job market. This study employs a motivational model for vocational high school students based on self-efficacy theory and person-environment fit theory to explore whether the competitive atmosphere moderates the impact of self-efficacy and competitive attitudes on task motivation. Using a secondary data research approach, the study analyzed a sample of 944 Taiwanese vocational high school students from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) dataset with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that self-efficacy and competitive attitudes positively influence task motivation. Additionally, self-efficacy not only enhances competitive attitudes but also indirectly influences task motivation through the mediation of competitive attitudes. The study also revealed that the moderating effect of the competitive environment was not statistically significant in the overall sample. Further multiple-group comparisons between male and female vocational high school students showed no significant differences in most paths, but gender differences emerged in the positive moderating effect of the competitive environment on the influence of competitive attitudes on task motivation. These findings suggest that in cultivating task motivation among vocational high school students, interventions should be tailored to accommodate the differing responses of male and female students. For female students, providing more opportunities for teamwork and utilizing collaborative approaches to cope with the competitive environment may enhance task motivation. Conversely, for male students, enhancing self-efficacy and stimulating intrinsic competitive attitudes may be more effective. Addressing these differences could potentially reduce the occurrence of the "lying flat" phenomenon among vocational high school students in the future.

Анализ феномена сhildfree и формирование традиционных семейных ценностей у современной студенческой молодежи в регионе (на примере Омской области)

Today, the demographic situation in Russia has become extremely challenging. According to official statistics, in 2022, there were 594,557 more deaths than births. Over the period from 1991 to 2022, natural growth in Russia was positive only for two years, in 2013 and 2014, and averaged 24,013 to 32,038 per year. The peak prevalence of death over birth occurred in periods when the economic, social, and political conditions were the most challenging. Between 1999 and 2005, and again in 2020 and 2021, Russia saw a decline in birth rates, with the number of deaths exceeding the number of births. This resulted in a loss of between 700,000 and 900,000 people during these periods. There are several factors contributing to this situation, but one of the major concerns today is the relatively low birth rate in the face of social, economic, and political upheaval. According to national opinion polls, people aged 25 to 29 years old want an average of two to three children, while the estimated number of children per person is 1.99 for women and 2.02 for men. The total fertility rate in 2022 is 1.42 children per woman. In other words, indicators characterizing people's potential readiness for childbearing actions are relatively low and become lower when considering their desires and opportunities. Against this backdrop, various social trends are emerging. While for most people, leading a family life with at least one child can be considered happiness, there are now individuals who choose to live a childless life. This phenomenon is known as childfreedom and is controversial, as it causes disagreement among many people. Today, childlessness is not only a health issue, but also a social and psychological one, as only a portion of the population associates childlessness with infertility. Therefore, in order to develop a strategy for educating the younger generation, it is essential to understand the family values and attitudes of modern young people towards the phenomenon of being childfree.

Патриотическое воспитание молодежи как элемент борьбы с фальсификациями истории Великой Отечественной войны

The proposed article deals with controversial problems such as the falsification of the Great Patriotic War, the preservation of modern youth historical memory and resistance with attempts to falsify the history of the war.
 The article presents the results of a study among modern young people about the knowledge of the history of the Great Patriotic War and the main directions of history falsification of the war. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the historical memory of modern youth about the Great Patriotic War. The study was carried out among students in grades 5-11 and students of the Faculty of History. As a consequence, we came to the conclusion that young people know the history of the Great Patriotic War at a low level, and the most susceptible to the influence of falsifiers of the history of the war.
 The main result of the study is methodological recommendations developed for lessons, ex-tracurricular activities, and optional courses for history teachers in order to increase the level of knowledge of the history of the Great Patriotic War and directions of falsification. The work also contains recommendations for the patriotic education of youth.

Arbitrariness of Speech in Adult Active Internet Users: Types and Intensity of Deformations

Objectives Testing the hypothesis about the presence of a long-term negative effect of Internet practices on the arbitrariness of speech in adults. Methods The study is based on a retrospective approach, which is a combination of an ex post facto research and a cross section. The participants in the control group were adults (n = 50; 20 men, 30 women; age 46.9±6.14) who keep the habit of traditional print reading. The experimental group consisted of individuals (n = 50; 20 men, 30 women; age 45.1±6.16) who abandoned this habit in favor of Internet practices. The evaluation of arbitrariness of speech was carried out using the method of "Opposites" (Susanna Rubinstein). Groups for the cross-sectional study were, on the one hand, a "pre-digital" person (rate of implementation of the method by healthy adults until 2000); on the other hand, modern young people (n=50; 20 young men, 39 young women; age 19.58±0.94). Results The cross section allowed to determine the following hierarchy in order of the arbitrariness deterioration: 1) pre-digital person; 2) modern adult reader; 3) modern active Internet users of different ages. The ex post facto research found significant reductions in the indicators of arbitrariness of speech in the experimental group, which are presented in two types of deformations: “weakening of control” (deformation coefficient – two) and “weakness of control in combination with lexical deficit” (deformation coefficient – seven). Conclusion The results obtained do not contradict the hypothesis about the deformation of cognitive functions in adults as a long-term effect of the Internet use. The idea of cognitive unloading mechanism, which explains the appearance of cognitive deformations through the specifics of Internet information coding, is expressed.

Цифровая грамотность, когнитивный контроль и использование цифровых устройств детьми

<p>There is an idea that modern young people who grew up surrounded by digital devices spontaneously master digital skills, and their formation does not require special attention from the school. Teachers' observations and research results show that this is not the case. Most schoolchildren are not able to effectively solve problems in the digital environment, for example, correctly construct a search query, or ensure their information security. The purpose of the study presented in the article is to assess the relationship of digital literacy, including its individual components (for example, the ability to work with information in a digital environment), with some cognitive characteristics of students. In particular, the relationship of digital literacy with the features of cognitive control of students is considered, taking into account the frequency and specifics of the activity of using digital devices. The study is based on data from the assessment of the level of digital literacy by the developed measurement tool on a sample of 4,700 students in grades 7 and 8 of schools in 5 regions of Russia in the fall of 2022.</p>

Гуманитаризация образования и гуманитарная культура – основополагающий фактор национальной безопасности России

The relevance of the work is dictated, on the one hand, by the need to address the issue of forming a civic posi-tion in the young generation, and on the other hand, by the fact that today’s higher education underestimates the important role of the humanitarian pillar. Modern society primarily emphasizes the “usefulness of the knowledge gained” and its business orientation. Students and graduates tend to delude themselves that this will give them a quick entrance into a financially secure life. The data of sociological studies record the for-mation of cosmopolitan values among young people against the background of declining patriotic sentiments, which directly affects the level of national security of the state. In fact, the main burden of educational work falls on the humanities. It is precisely these sciences that create the basis for the formation of basic civic values. The aim of the study is to substantiate the importance of the formation of humanitarian culture. According to the author’s position, the basis for this process is the humanitarization of higher education. As a result, conclusion dwells upon the fact that the practical component of humanities disciplines, which act as a tool for the formation of basic civic values of modern young people, is formulated.

Особенности внутренней позиции взрослого у современных учащихся раннего юношеского возраста

<p>The article presents the results of an empirical study dealing with the features of the adult internal position as a motivational basis for self-determination in modern high school and college students. The study aims to analyze the adult internal position in adolescent students, which is seen as a confluence of the social need for autonomy and the cognitive need for professional education. The hypothesis was tested that the peculiarity of the studied psychological phenomenon is due to the fact that the external conditions of development (environmental factors and institutional requirements for growing up) outpace the formation of internal conditions that ensure the modern young people’s individual psychological readiness for self-determination. We tested the assumption that the institutional requirements for adulthood outpaced the modern young people’s individual psychological readiness for self-determination. Standardized scale methods were used to diagnose the level of professional identity (A. Azbel), the level of ambition and self-esteem (the Dembo-Rubinshtein scale modified by A. Prikhozhan), the level of subjective control (modified by A. Gretsov), as well as to study the emotional attitude towards learning (modified by A. Andreeva-A. Prikhozhan). The sample of the study is 191 people, high school and colleges students from Moscow and Orsk. Correlative, cluster and factor analysis of the data obtained confirmed the assumptions made about the structure of the adult internal position in the early youth and the features of its formation in post-industrial societies. It is shown that the formation of the professional identity of modern high school and college students is more consistent with the objective requirements of the social situation, rather than the level of personal maturity necessary for making informed decisions.</p>

Impact of digital culture on shaping young people’s creative activity

Introduction. The object of research is the intensive impact of digital technologies on the development of culture, politics, economy and education, which gives rise to new socio-cultural practices and creative environments for human development. The goal of the article is to analyze digital culture and the degree of its influence on the formation of creative activity of adolescents and young people. Materials and methods. The research materials are based on the analysis of digital culture as a new concept of the globalisation epoch and the specifics of its influence on modern young people’s creative activity. Since the research has a complex character it synthesises the analytical methods of different humanities disciplines. Using such methods as cultural-historical, cultural-semiotic, social-analytical, contextual and competence-based allows for an opportunity to undertake a full-value complex analysis of the impact of digital culture on the formation of young people’s creative activity. Results. The digital transformation of educational environment, in the author’s opinion, manifests itself in the following trends: differentiated approach to designing the education system (at schools and universities) towards extending its models; transformation of education into a continuous process following the growth of new knowledge and the need for permanent updating of knowledge and competencies. The teacher’s functions are also changing – the pedagogue now acts more frequently as a tutor and instructor. Digital transformation of the educational environment also implies a new level of responsibility, new models of education; the above is rooted in the fact that a graduate of educational institution should not only be professionally competent and creative, but also be in demand in the labour market. Discussion on the results. Culture and its transformation in the conditions of globalisation and digitalisation is covered by research of scientists representing various fields of knowledge (Russian and foreign), which makes it possible to hold an interdisciplinary discussion on the impact of digital culture on the individual. The discussion materials make it possible to understand how digital culture influences the views on the meaning of existence, how it transforms the human life, helps to comprehend the new forms and methods of communication and education. Conclusion. The implemented research helps to outline the further ways of handling young people’s prospects, formation of their creative activity in the conditions of digital culture development with regard for current requirements for the educational system. Keywords: globalisation, digital culture, socio-cultural practices, internet culture, students, media education, creative activity

Features of Teaching Russian Literature in a Technical University in China: Ways of Increasing Motivation to Study It

The article is devoted to the teaching of Russian literature in a Chinese technical university. The purpose of the article is to present ways of increasing motivation to study Russian literature. The author offers various ways of working with works of literature, including a comparison of works with similar plots and ideological basis, written by authors from different countries. One of the reasons for the need to address this problem is the peculiarities of psychology and atti tudes towards reading among modern young people. The results of the analysis of the knowledge of Chinese students in the field of Russian literature, conducted by the author, show that students do not know it well, however, thanks to the influence of their parents, they respect and would like to know more. Reforms in the field of education in China make it possible to organize various types of work on the study of literature and culture with students: new courses of lectures, seminars, discussions. The article describes the elective creative courses organized at Harbin Polytechnic University for students of various specialties, the purpose of which is to form knowledge in the field of Russian literature and culture, teach the analysis of Russian literature, increase interest in studying the history of Russia, and the peculiarities of the Russian mentality. When developing course materials, the author proposes to rely on theoretical research in the field of basic concepts and keywords of Russian culture. The result of this work is the thematic structuring of the lessons of the course, the identification of the most significant topics and works for young people and for understanding Russian culture. The author comes to the conclusion that properly organized in accordance with the recommendations of researchers in the field of educational reforms, linguoculturology, sociology classes can greatly increase interest in Russian culture, literature and reading in general.

Этнические стереотипы в восприятии рекламы молодыми людьми

Background. Stereotyping is an important part of social cognition. Therefore, it attracts a lot of attention from psychologists and sociologists. Ethnic stereotypes are not only a reflection of established prejudices and false ideas, but also a kind of social "barometer" indicating possible social problems. Modern studies have revealed the relationship between stereotypes and real ethnic diversity, and also indicate that the subjective feeling of disadvantage is a breeding ground for the emergence and existence of ethnic stereotypes. Objective. The article aims to substantiate theoretically, to identify empirically, as well as to classify ethnic stereotypes in the perception of advertising by young people, representatives of four ethnic groups. Sample. The study involved 88 people, representatives of 4 countries. Methods. The study simulated a situation of interethnic interaction, in which the participants acted as the “authors” of 6 advertising messages and 3 commercials. They had to write stories selecting the “main characters”, whose participation would illustrate the attractiveness of the advertised product or service. A set of typical images of representatives of different ethnic groups was proposed. Psychological diagnostics was aimed at establishing differences between groups. were An express questionnaire “Tolerance Index” (G.U. Soldatova, O.A. Kravtsova, O.E. Khukhlaev, L.A. Shaigerova) and emotional empathy questionnaire (Emotional Empathic Tendency Scale, EETS) designed to determine the level of empathic tendencies, the ability to empathize as a personal trait by A. Mehrabian and N. Epstein were used. Results. Areas of social practices where autostereotypes and heterostereotypes appear were identified. Themes where new stereotypes appear were identified. The diagnostics showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the indicators of tolerance and empathy between representatives of the 4 groups. Conclusions. The results of the study can be explained by the fact that participants demonstrated the unity of social group, the youth. The results obtained can be interpreted as evidence that for modern young people, the decisive factor in the formation of stereotypes is information transmitted through various means, which clearly acquires a transnational character.

Игра как культурная форма социализации и инкультурации российской молодежи: история и современность (на примере Владивостока)

The article is devoted to the game as an important factor in the socialization and inculturation of children and youth. Game activity was considered a tool for the socialization of children in the 19th and 20th centuries. based on the analysis of historical sources, cultural-anthropological and sociological methods. Thanks to the works of such authors as Shangina I.I., Sleptsova I.S., and Bernshtam T.A., a conclusion is made about the role of the game as an important factor in the development of personal characteristics and values of young people of the past. Since ancient times, the game has been of great educational importance, reflecting the mentality, social system and worldview of the Russian people. In traditional Russian games and amusements, certain value orientations were manifested and formed, social ties were strengthened. Based on the historical method, an analysis of the problem of socialization and the transfer of cultural values to modern children and youth is presented in connection with socio-cultural transformations, changes in the forms and ways of transmitting culture. The characteristic features of modern young people are singled out: a tendency to refuse communication, preference for a virtual environment, problems of interaction with others. It also analyzes the environment that becomes the living space of young people, where they live, work, study and have fun, and where their worldview is formed. The purpose of the study was to analyze the significance of the game for today’s youth as a form that ensures the entry of a developing personality into society and culture. A sociological study was conducted among the youth of the city of Vladivostok. The survey involved 1174 people aged 14 to 35 years. On the basis of the conducted sociological research, a conclusion is made about the gaming preferences of today’s youth. The most interesting types of games according to the respondents were identified, the functions of games important for the respondents as a way of spending leisure time were identified. In conclusion, we see that although modern games are not similar to those that people played before, and the ways of socialization have changed, it is important to remember that these are not the main ways of communication and interaction of young people. Therefore, in order to avoid or at least minimize the impact of modern technologies on the process of socialization, it is necessary to increase the degree of attention of parents and educators at all levels of socialization and inculturation of the younger generation.

Психолого-педагогическое сопровождение молодежи при развитии компетентности в проявлении социальной активности

The relevance of the research is determined by the public demand for the development of scientifically based programs of work with modern young people that allow developing youths’ social activity. The objective of the study is to design the technology of psychological and pedagogical support of youths in their social activity manifestation that is based on the theoretical model of its structural and functional organization. The research hypothesizes that psychological and pedagogical support of young people in the manifestation of their social activity will be effective if it is designed on the basis of a scientifically grounded technology based on the concept of a systemic (structural and functional) approach. The research methods include theoretical analysis on the problem of social activity and social competence of the youth; structural and functional analysis; content analysis; theoretical modeling and design. The article shows the correlation between the social competence and social activity of the individual. The authors have developed and theoretically substantiated a model of the personal competence in the manifestation of their social activity, that reflects the structural and functional organization of a person’s social competence and the system of its correlations with social activity. On the basis of the developed model, the authors have designed the technology of psychological and pedagogical support of youths that is based on the principles of the system-activity approach. The technology includes the description of the forms and methods of work with young people that correspond to the four stages of its implementation - content-evaluating, organizational-technological, implementation, and resulting stages. In solving the youth policy tasks, the presented technology allows for systematically organized work with modern youths aimed at increasing their competence in the social activity manifestation in various forms of socially-oriented activities.

ВІЗУАЛІЗАЦІЯ КОМУНІКАТИВНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ПІД ЧАС ВИКЛАДАННЯ ІНОЗЕМЦЯМ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ

The article examines the problem of the negative impact on modern young people of a huge amount of information, which many of them are unable to perceive, process and use effectively. It is noted that this problem can be solved by new teaching methods and methods, including the technologies of visual presentation of educational material. The concepts of visibility and visualization were also investigated and it was concluded that these terms denote similar methods of obtaining information based on visual (or visual and auditory) perception of objective reality, but these concepts are not identical. The article presents the possibilities of introducing such popular data visualization technologies as scribing, mental maps, tag clouds and cross-sensing into the process of teaching Ukrainian to foreign students. The rules and algorithms for creating these forms of visual presentation of educational material are analyzed, and their practical application during classroom and out-of-classroom lessons on the Ukrainian language as a foreign language is described. Particular attention is focused on the need to take into account in the process of preparation and practical application of similar forms of visualization not only common features of human thinking, but also cultural and ethnic differences and peculiarities of perception of objects of reality by representatives of different nationalities. A conclusion was made regarding the expediency or impracticality of using scribing, mental maps, tag clouds, cross-senses, as well as interactive timelines and Internet memes as means of communication and presentation of educational information during the teaching of foreign students of the Ukrainian language as such, which take into account psychological and cognitive features of modern youth, allow presenting the material concisely and clearly, and also diversify classes, will contribute to better assimilation and memorization by students of complex grammatical, lexical and linguo-regional studies materials, making the educational process more effective, i.e. meet the requirements of modern education. Key words: visualization, communication, scribing, mental maps, tag clouds, cross-sense.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВОЛОНТЕРСТВА НА СОЦИАЛЬНУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ В РОССИЙСКИХ ВУЗАХ

The authors of the work note that the changing social reality contributes to the fact that modern young people become one of the interested participants in the ongoing social processes and events. The social activity of young people is particularly recorded during the period of their education, since the capabilities of Russian universities allow young people to actively express themselves in various fields: educational, scientific, social, sports, cultural and mass. The authors point out that the participation of students in volunteer movements affects the overall level of social activity. Participation in volunteer activities allows young people to accumulate various general cultural and professional competencies, expand social ties, interact with a group of like-minded people, self-actualize and show creativity.

Challenges of political communication with young people on social media

The article is devoted to the identification of problems in communication between modern politicians and youth and the study of effective communication between youth and opinion leaders. The information channels through which modern youth learns current political news were investigated. In the course of the study, it was important to find out not only which communication and information channels influence the formation of political opinions of modern youth, but also how young people participate in public discussion of topical issues, with the help of which online resources they broadcast their point of view. In order to create effective communication with the youth audience, including in the field of political topics, attention should be paid to how media personalities who are attractive to young people and who can shape the moods and orientations of modern young people form their content, how they communicate, how they convey information.