Abstract
Today, the demographic situation in Russia has become extremely challenging. According to official statistics, in 2022, there were 594,557 more deaths than births. Over the period from 1991 to 2022, natural growth in Russia was positive only for two years, in 2013 and 2014, and averaged 24,013 to 32,038 per year. The peak prevalence of death over birth occurred in periods when the economic, social, and political conditions were the most challenging. Between 1999 and 2005, and again in 2020 and 2021, Russia saw a decline in birth rates, with the number of deaths exceeding the number of births. This resulted in a loss of between 700,000 and 900,000 people during these periods. There are several factors contributing to this situation, but one of the major concerns today is the relatively low birth rate in the face of social, economic, and political upheaval. According to national opinion polls, people aged 25 to 29 years old want an average of two to three children, while the estimated number of children per person is 1.99 for women and 2.02 for men. The total fertility rate in 2022 is 1.42 children per woman. In other words, indicators characterizing people's potential readiness for childbearing actions are relatively low and become lower when considering their desires and opportunities. Against this backdrop, various social trends are emerging. While for most people, leading a family life with at least one child can be considered happiness, there are now individuals who choose to live a childless life. This phenomenon is known as childfreedom and is controversial, as it causes disagreement among many people. Today, childlessness is not only a health issue, but also a social and psychological one, as only a portion of the population associates childlessness with infertility. Therefore, in order to develop a strategy for educating the younger generation, it is essential to understand the family values and attitudes of modern young people towards the phenomenon of being childfree.
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