Modern World Research Articles

Bioplastic an alternative to Plastic in Modern World: A Systemized Review

Bioplastic an alternative to Plastic in Modern World: A Systemized Review

The Role of Lifestyle Modification During Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and disruption of all types of metabolism. The number of people with diabetes is increasing every year, affecting all segments of the population and age groups. A particularly rapid rate of increase in incidence concerns type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is largely due to the lifestyle of people in the modern world, where there is poor nutrition and physical inactivity, as well as increased levels of stress. This lifestyle is the main modifiable risk factor for this disease. Lifestyle modification is part of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of diabetes and also plays a major role in preventing its development. This article addresses the mechanism of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, clinical manifestations and risk factors. The influence of lifestyle on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and some recommendations for lifestyle modification in patients are also considered.

Investigating the role of the built environment, socio-economic status, and lifestyle factors in the prevalence of chronic diseases in Mashhad: PLS-SEM model

BackgroundChronic diseases remain a significant contributor to both mortality and disability in our modern world. Physical inactivity and an unhealthy diet are recognized as significant behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases, which can be influenced by the built environment and socio-economic status (SES). This study aims to investigate the relationship between the built environment, SES, and lifestyle factors with chronic diseases.MethodsThe current study was conducted in Mashhad’s Persian cohort, which included employees from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). In the study, 5,357 participants from the cohort were included. To assess the state of the built environment in Mashhad, a Geographic Information System (GIS) map was created for the city and participants in the Persian Mashhad study. Food intake and physical exercise were used to assess lifestyle. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess food intake. To assess food intake, the diet quality index was computed. To assess the link between variables, the structural model was created in accordance with the study’s objectives, and partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized.ResultsThe chronic diseases were positively associated with male sex (p < 0.001), married (p < 0.001), and higher age (p < 0.001). The chronic diseases were negatively associated with larger family size (p < 0.05), higher SES (p < 0.001), and higher diet quality index (DQI) (p < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between chronic disease and physical activity.ConclusionFood intake and socioeconomic status have a direct impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases. It seems that in order to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases, increasing economic access, reducing the class gap and increasing literacy and awareness should be emphasized, and in the next step, emphasis should be placed on the built environment.

Measuring Student Performance in Mathematics in the Modern World Course Using Bloom’s and Solo Taxonomies

Measuring Student Performance in Mathematics in the Modern World Course Using Bloom’s and Solo Taxonomies

Optimizing the noise control in a two-layer conduit

In the modern world, noise pollution is a major concern due to its prevalence. This work focuses on optimizing noise control in a two-layer conduit. A conduit comprises an inlet and double-outlet zones (DOZ). The upper walls of the DOZ are lined with perforated absorbent material while the lower walls are layered with fibrous. Mathematically, the physical problem is formulated with a field wave equation together with rigid and impedance boundary conditions in the respective zones. Such governing boundary value problem (BVP) leads to the Sturm-Liouville (SL) category in which standard orthogonality relations (OR) are indispensable. The system of the linear equations of the BVP is acquired with semi-analytical Mode-Matching (MM) approach by implementing the continuity conditions of sound pressures and velocities at the matching junction with the aid of OR. These systems are truncated and solved numerically with computation learning to obtain the reflected and transmitted modal amplitudes in respective zones. Due to the lining's perforated upper walls, fibrous lower walls, and reversal in the DOZ, the analysis of the reflected and transmitted powers versus frequencies is significantly observed and is shown in graphical findings. The algebraic derivation is validated by satisfying the conservation law of power flux and matching continuity conditions for impedance, perforated, and fibrous lined boundaries.

SOCIAL WORK WITH NATIONAL MINORITIES: US EXPERIENCE

SOCIAL WORK WITH NATIONAL MINORITIES: US EXPERIENCE

Death of the suicide law: A changing standard of liability for clinicians.

High rates of suicide continue to plague the modern world, with clinicians, researchers, and policymakers working urgently to ameliorate what has been recognized as a worldwide public health crisis. Under American Law, individuals- including health care providers, could generally not be held liable for causing the suicide of another person. This article presents a review of suicide law in the United States in the context of a recent civil case in which a physician with expertise in mental health was sued for the death of an ex-partner who committed suicide in his home. Historical events and landmark legal cases spanning the 15th century to now are examined and presented as a narrative review to inform society and mental health clinicians a-like towards interpreting the changing medical-legal landscape. As modern advances in science continue to discern the critical biopsychosocial factors that contribute to the act of suicide, there is an inevitably growing concern that suicide may no longer be an incomprehensible nor irrational event as has been assumed for centuries. Thus, it may be considered that individual with expertise and qualification to treat a group of individuals at higher risk of suicide (severe mental illness) may be subject to a different standard than the average individual. This article seeks to present a complex matter where no simple or broad-sweeping conclusions can yet be drawn, however remains a critically important matter for mental health clinicians.

THE CROSSENS METHOD AS AN ELEMENT OF EDUTAINMENT. USE IN CHEMISTRY LESSONS

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the features of using the interactive crossense tool as an element of edutainment in chemistry classes and highlight the advantages and difficulties of their use. The following scientific methods are used in this paper: the literature screening; the experts’ opinions on the educational trends; definition of the essence of the researched concepts «crossense», «edutainment»; generalization and systematization of scientific sources to determine the state of the problem; comparison of different approaches and identification of leading research concepts. Computerization and access to the Internet in an open knowledge society opens up new opportunities for learning, involving students in an active learning process and stimulating their development. Edutainment, as a contemporary method of learning with interactive technologies and entertainment elements, has become an effective tool for improving education and preparing students for the demands of the modern world. The use of new media and entertainment methods in education provides an exciting and effective learning environment that contributes to the development of various skills and preparation for the challenges of the modern world. The popularity of the crossense method as a component of edutainment indicates the need to introduce innovative approaches to learning, especially in the field of chemistry, to ensure the interest and effectiveness of learning. The importance of introducing the crossense method into the chemistry learning process is highlighted, and its effectiveness in engaging students in the subject and increasing their success is demonstrated. By using the analysis of practical examples and scientific studies, it is demonstrated how the application of the crossense method can make chemistry learning exciting and effective. It is noted that with the development of ICT, elements of edutainment have become extremely popular and successful among different age groups, which contributes to increasing interest in learning and improving its results among participants of the educational process. The school students survey results concerning their attitude to crossense are presented. It was established that the majority of respondents have a positive attitude towards the use of crossense in chemistry lessons.

ANEKA DISRUPSI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DI PONDOK PESANTREN

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Islamic boarding schools, as traditional Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, play a central role in preserving and promoting Islamic religious and cultural traditions. One of the important elements of education in Islamic boarding schools is the teaching of Arabic. Arabic is not only a means of understanding the teachings of Islam but also a gateway to the rich intellectual heritage of the Islamic world. This qualitative research uses open questionnaires as a data collection technique. The questionnaires were distributed to Arabic teachers in seven Islamic boarding schools in Situbondo. The results cite the strengths of Islamic boarding schools in the form of their long-standing tradition of teaching Arabic and Islamic culture, the presence of knowledgeable teachers, a focus on memorizing the Quran, and a communal learning environment. However, weaknesses in the traditional curriculum may overlook practical aspects such as the use of digital technology in Arabic language learning in the modern world. To improve Arabic language learning in Islamic boarding schools, it is important to address the practical aspects of the language, maximize opportunities for collaboration and adoption of technology, and address challenges such as cultural and social change and competition from formal educational institutions offering Arabic language instruction.</em></p>

Reconciliation of the parties: the role of mediation in the resolution of administrative conflicts

Reconciliation of the parties: the role of mediation in the resolution of administrative conflicts

Comparative analysis of approaches to assessing the market cost of business in domestic and foreign practice

The greatest demand in the modern world is for business valuation service. Valuation activity makes it possible to identify the important characteristics of a particular business which is necessary for making management decisions by company owners. The results of business valuation are used to determine existing perspectives: the presence of investment opportunities, ways to optimise business processes, need to expand business activities, etc. According to statistics, several decades ago, business valuation was conducted in no more than 10 % of cases. Currently, on the contrary, more than 90 % of companies are interested in regular valuation. However, the widespread demand for business valuation has made it possible to find a number of pressing problems that need to be solved in the future. One of the most serious сhallenges is the existence of problem areas in the national legal framework. The work examines the process of business valuation using basic methods and approaches, analyses the foreign experience on the research topic and also valuates a domestic enterprise in different ways. The authors concluded that it is necessary to choose the method that can be most effective in valuating a particular enterprise in particular conditions.

Competitiveness of companies in the design, engineering and construction of nuclear power plants

Increasing electricity consumption in the modern world makes the unique nuclear power market. It provides growing secured demand, specific external development factors. However, only four companies involved in the design, engineering, and construction of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The competitiveness of those companies included into M. Porter’s theory framework, but has its own characteristics. The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of companies competitiveness engaged in the design, engineering, and construction of nuclear power plants, and assess the factors and prospects for their development. Besides, we define the theoretical base of international competitiveness with regard to the specific features of this economic sector, characterise the companies operating on the market, and build a model of the competitiveness formation of four representatives under the domestic factors of development. In conclusion, we will present the prospects for ROSATOM development in an internationally competitive environment. The models of competitiveness formation show the positive impact of investments in human capital, ESG agenda implementation, and long-term prospects of R&D projects. The research provides information for developing the theory of competitiveness and improving the company’s activities in this economic sector.

The right to education in the system of constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen

It was established that, despite the universal recognition of the right to education as one of the fundamental human rights enshrined in international documents and the constitutions of many states, there are a number of significant challenges in the implementation of this right at the national and global levels, including unequal access to quality education, limitations of opportunities for individual social groups, as well as the need to adapt educational systems to the rapidly changing conditions of the modern world. It is emphasized that the right to education is one of the fundamental human rights, enshrined in the constitutions of many countries of the world and international documents and is recognized not only as an important individual freedom, but also as a necessary condition for the development of democracy, the rule of law and social progress. It is noted that the right to education, as an important component of the system of human rights and freedoms, is characterized by a number of main features: universality - the right to education belongs to every person without any exceptions or restrictions based on gender, race, nationality, language, religious beliefs, social origin, state of health, beliefs or any other characteristics; every person has equal opportunities for access to education at all levels, in particular, it is also about overcoming gender inequality, as well as inequality related to physical or mental limitations, socio-economic status or place of residence; accessibility for all, which means the absence of any barriers that can prevent a person from getting an education (both financial barriers and barriers related to the place of residence, social status or special needs of a person); the quality of the process of realizing the right to education, which includes not only access to educational institutions, but also the guarantee of obtaining a quality education that contributes to the full development of the human personality; adaptability - the education system should be flexible and adapted to the needs of different population groups, including persons with special educational needs, migrants, national minorities and other vulnerable groups. In summary, the right to education is an integral part of the system of constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen and is at the basis of the development of a fair and free society, providing every person with the opportunity to realize their potential and actively participate in society. Ensuring access to quality education for everyone without exception is a key task of the state and the international community on the way to achieving sustainable development and strengthening human rights.

Digital human rights: doctrinal principles

The authors note that the digitization of public services has taken place, which has led to the transition of most or at least a significant number of public services to an electronic format and allowed us to talk about the emergence of concepts of electronic state (government) (e-government). The step-by-step transformation of state data management based on digital technologies, the development of complex super-services for citizens and businesses to receive public services in one click (DIY) was called «digital public administration». However, a clear definition and framework of the concept of «digital human rights» has yet to be developed. They seem to cover all human rights in the context of digitization and the development of modern information and communication technologies. It can be considered that this is the field of information law, which regulates human rights related to the use of information technologies. This includes the regulation of relations in the field of personal data processing, publication of information on the network, processing of big data, application of artificial intelligence, etc. The purpose of the scientific article is to consider the concept of digital rights and their implementation in the Ukrainian and European legal space, taking into account the contribution of Ukrainian scientists. The digital revolution that has swept the world has significantly changed the way people communicate, work and live. However, this rapid technological development brings with it new challenges for the protection of human rights. This article examines the concept of digital human rights and their dimensions in the Ukrainian and European context. It is indicated that the study and protection of digital human rights in the modern world requires a comprehensive approach, taking into account both Ukrainian and European experience. The works of domestic scientists testify to the urgency of the problem and indicate the need for further research in this area. Digital human rights are becoming an integral part of modern society, where technology is rapidly changing the way we live and interact. Ukraine, like other countries, faces many challenges in the field of digital rights, which are caused by the rapid development of information and communication technologies. From this context: first, understanding digital rights and their importance becomes a necessity for every member of society. People should be aware of their rights and responsibilities in the digital space, especially regarding the protection of privacy and personal data; secondly, the development of digital rights in Ukraine should take into account the best practices of European countries and global standards. Improving legislation, increasing public awareness and developing cyber defense are aspects that require immediate attention; thirdly, the importance of cooperation between the state, citizens, business and the scientific community. Effective and sustainable solutions to ensure the digital rights of Ukrainians can only be created through joint efforts.

КОНСЕРВАТИВНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ГРЫЖ МЕЖПОЗВОНКОВЫХ ДИСКОВ

In the modern world, herniated intervertebral discs are one of the most common pathologies, often occurring among the working-age population. Protrusion of the intervertebral disc beyond the cross-section of the vertebra can lead to severe pain (even disability) due to mechanical compression of the nerve root and, with extrusion of the nucleus pulposus, inflammatory reactions. Thus, to date, pain syndrome that has developed as a result of a hernia occurs in 9% of the world's population. Thus, the treatment of intervertebral hernias is one of the pressing problems of the modern world. Radical treatment - surgical, is associated with a number of complications and does not always lead to the desired results. For this reason, surgical treatment should be carried out only if conservative methods are ineffective, among which physiotherapy occupies a special place. The purpose of this work is a literary analysis of physiotherapy methods currently used for the treatment of herniated intervertebral discs and to determine their place in the complex therapy of this pathology. The review examines the nature of intervertebral hernias, some of the physiological reactions they cause, in particular, the mechanisms of pain syndrome formation are indicated. We also described in detail the main methods of physiotherapy currently used for herniated intervertebral discs, such as electrophoresis, balneological procedures, spinal traction; the mechanisms of their influence on the damaged intervertebral disc are indicated, allowing to eliminate or reduce the intensity of the pain syndrome; The need for an integrated approach in the treatment of the pathology under study was determined.

A Pilot Survey Linking Antecedents of LMX Relationships and PWDs Institutions Performance: An Assessment of PWDs Institutions in Kenya

The modern working world has made strides in building a stronger equitable society. There has been great resilience in including policies that ensure persons living with disability play their economic role. The current study was guided by two objectives: effect of transformational leader-characteristics as antecedents of LMX on organization performance in PWDs in Mombasa and Kilifi Counties and moderating effect of organization culture on LMX and organization performance in PWDs institution in Mombasa and Kilifi Counties; Leader-Member exchange theory and social exchange theory formed the theoretical foundation of this study. A conceptual framework showing the correlation of the study’s variables is also given. The study applied descriptive research design and the target population of the study was managers and subordinates at all levels within the organizations. Stratified sampling, convenience sampling and random sampling techniques were used to generate the sample size. A sample size of twenty-five (25) respondents two (2) to three (3) employees from every department. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for the study. The study conducted and applied Cronbach alpha reliability estimate. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze data. The study results provided a good governance framework of engaging their business networks within their localities. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 21 was used. One of the significant findings was the realization that there was an increment in leader-characteristics of leaders in organizations. One of the conclusions of the study was that when leaders believe in their own abilities this often-enhanced LMX relationships hence improved organizational performance. A key recommendation of this study was the need for the Government ministries concerned with PWDs mainstreaming in the organizations have specific leadership practices that help build effective LMX relationships in organizations.

Inequalities in the pandemic and post pandemic times of older people. Case of Russia

Purpose This paper aims to study the inequalities faced by older people through the analysis of semistructured interviews with older residents of Saint Petersburg and the villages in the Republic of Karelia in Russia. Design/methodology/approach The authors begin the research by studying the nature of the perception of inequalities in older people’s lives, as well as examining the concept of inequality in the context of modern reality affected by the pandemic and postpandemic repercussions. Furthermore, the authors analyze empirical cases and, using thematic analysis, examine the specifics and the nature of the emerging inequalities, as well as the ways in which older people overcome them. In the modern world, individual rather than class competition is increasingly manifested, which stipulates the specific character of research associated with the necessity to study personal competition and interactions in the context of everyday life. The empirical basis of the study was 30 semistructured interviews conducted in 2022 in St. Petersburg and rural areas of the Republic of Karelia. The study of the everyday features of the manifestation of inequalities and ageism was carried out using modern sociological approaches. Findings It is concluded that older people find ways to adapt to social changes in pandemic and postpandemic times through strategies such as emotional reflection on the past, hobbies, reviewing old resources and searching for new ones, changing ways of communication and solving problems. The desire to take care of one’s own well-being is becoming an important focus of attention for the older in their daily routine. Originality/value These strategies create positive opportunities for adaptation and contribute to reducing the fears and anxiety of the elderly regarding the possible return to similar situations like the COVID-19 pandemic and related inequalities.

Enhancing Physical Activity Through Information Technology: Current Trends and Future Directions

The potential for using information technology to improve physical activities covers a large scope. The integration of information technology has impacted almost every aspect of our lives in the dynamic modern world, transforming not only how we work and communicate but also how we interact with one another and with physical activities. This study aims is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current trends in the use of information technology (IT) to promote and enhance physical activity. This study utilized randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, observation, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses with a bibliometric approach in the context of a literature review. The researcher looked through many electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Elsevier, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library, to find studies that fit the title. They chose sixty (60) papers for this study, and thirty-six (36) of them were analyzed in detail and met the requirements checklist to find and combine studies published in English between 2015 and 2023 that met the review criteria.

TECHNOLOGIES FOR ASSESSING THE OPERATIONAL QUALITY OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF PARTIAL MILITARY DESTRUCTION

Purpose. Research conducted in the direction of operational quality proves that the life cycle of construction products can also be significantly increased due to the use of the latest technologies of a complex technical approach. The complex technical approach covers the principles of using the latest technologies, which compensate for the functional costs of the object at the stage of operation. As part of the latest technologies, the modern world requires the presence of developments that effectively save resources and at the same time ensure the required level of security in various crisis situations, including during a state of war. The main purpose of implementing this approach is to establish the reasons for the loss of reliability and resource when accounting for changes in the conditions of the external and internal environment. Methodology. Methods and techniques for diagnosing the reliability and operational quality of construction objects make it possible to implement assessment procedures at various stages of the life cycle, including during the current period, in previous design cycles (prototype search stages), as well as comparative and analytical comparison with analogues . The results of the implementation make it possible to identify the promising direction of normalization of construction projects, to substantiate and develop technologies for the formation of its operational quality. Findings. The situation of the physical state of the industrial building due to military destruction is analyzed, after which the search for optimization technologies in the formation of reliability and operational quality of construction objects, including for the effective implementation of investment and construction projects, is substantiated and proposed. Originality. Adaptation approaches of timely response in emergency conditions, in order to comply with the planned standards of operational quality, are substantiated, implemented on the practical example of the implementation of the technical report of the production and mechanical building No. 132, located in the city of Zaporizhzhia, SE "Ivchenko-Progress" 63T-1286-OB – TK after military destruction. Practical value. Adaptation approaches of timely response in emergency conditions, in order to comply with the planned standards of operational quality, are substantiated, implemented on the practical example of the implementation of the technical report of the production and mechanical building No. 132, located in the city of Zaporizhzhia, SE "Ivchenko-Progress" 63T-1286-OB – TK after military destruction. Conclusions. The results of scientific and practical research made it possible to reveal the actual principles of management technologies, evaluation and methods of improving operational quality at all stages of the life cycle of a construction object, taking into account risky and dangerous situations during military operations. This technical report was prepared on the basis of the performed visual and instrumental research of construction structures of the industrial building. The decision of the scientific group of experts established that the operation of the object under study should be stopped until its operational suitability is restored in accordance with the proposed recommendations in accordance with the project documentation. The scientific and practical significance of the study justifies the need for further application of the latest technologies of the complex technical approach in the formation of operational quality for the effective implementation of investment and construction projects.

Bifunctional titanium boron-phosphate glass containing Ag nanoparticles for the detection and photocatalysis of organic compounds

This study delves into the structural characterization of a composition comprising Ag-NPs/phosphate plasmonic glass. Additionally, it explores two applications aimed at addressing one of the numerous challenges facing the modern world. The continuous technological progress of society has led to the proliferation of chemicals in natural water sources, posing a significant threat to ecosystems due to their low concentrations, making them difficult to detect and remove. The findings presented herein showcase the potential of Ag-NPs/sodium/titanium-phosphate glasses as a promising solution for detecting and degrading organic pollutants in freshwater. To achieve this, Ag nanoparticles were integrated into the glass surface via the ion exchange method, followed by thermal treatment. Subsequently, the detection of crystal violet solutions, applied dropwise onto the sample surface, was successfully carried out using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, reaching a detection limit as low as 10−6 M. Furthermore, the glass composition demonstrated heterogeneous photocatalytic properties for UV degradation of methylene blue, with enhanced photoactivity attributed to the presence of silver nanoparticles, resulting in a 111 % increase in the kinetic constant compared to unmodified glass. Thus, these newly developed Ag-NPs sodium titanium-phosphate glasses exhibit remarkable bifunctional capabilities, offering improved optical detection and efficient photodegradation of organic molecules.