Modern Urban Design Research Articles

Importance of Water Ecological Environment Protection in Urban Landscape Design

With the continuous acceleration of urbanization, urban construction has gradually become an important factor to promote the development of productive forces, the construction level of first-tier cities in China is higher than that of second-tier cities, and the economic volume is about several times that of other cities. Therefore, urban construction is an important factor to promote productivity. As a special regional type, a city watershed is a complex system with integrity and regionality. The particularity of urban watersheds lies in the fact that cities are characterized by the aggregation of elements. Cities are not only areas with densely populated population and buildings, but also the concentrated places of production, consumption and exchange. The development of cities is dynamic and diverse. The city ecological elements in the watershed are closely related, and the upstream and downstream regions are inseparable and affect each other. The current issues in the administration and conservation of the river basin’s water environment are due to conflicts of interest between the upstream and downstream of the city river basin, as well as between numerous departments. The conflict of interest and conflict of interests between the upstream and downstream of the urban watershed and various departments is the difficulty in the management and protection of the water environment in the current watershed. Water environment security means that there are clean and sufficient water resources to meet the needs of human survival, to meet the needs of social progress and economic development, and to maintain a good ecological environment. Water ecology refers to the influence of environmental water factors on organisms and the adaptation of organisms to various water conditions. Urban greening and landscape design are of great significance to the improvement of the ecological environment and the realization of sustainable urban development. This article takes the ecological landscape of a certain area as a research object to study the complexity, diversity, variability and other characteristics of modern ecological environmental problems, and analyzes the relevant situation of water pollution in the landscape ecological environment. The research shows that: permanganic acid in the water body around the lake The salt index, COD, BOD5, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen cannot meet the requirements of the Class III water environment functional zone. Among them, the highest pollution of the permanganate index is the W10 monitoring point, which exceeds 1.98 times, and the second is the W8 monitoring point, which exceeds 1.65 Times; COD pollution is the heaviest at the W7 monitoring point, exceeding the standard by 0.56 times; BOD5 pollution is the heaviest at the W8 monitoring point, exceeding the standard by 0.39 times; the heaviest total phosphorus pollution is the W11 monitoring point, exceeding the standard by 19.90 times. From the water quality testing data, it can be concluded that the water quality of the landscape area is seriously polluted, which seriously affects the drinking water safety of residents. In the process of modern urban garden landscape planning and design, only full use of ecological concepts can reduce the consumption of natural resources, avoid damage to the original ecological environment, and provide a more comfortable and healthy living environment for the people.

PUBLICNESS OF PUBLIC SPACES IN METROPOLITAN CITY OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE CASE OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Modern urban design has changed the image of traditional public space and proved significant for raising level of publicness. This study evaluates the publicness of commercial public spaces in Lahore, using the Star Model, widely suggested in the literature, to recommend urban design interventions for improving the publicness of similar public spaces. The level of publicness is assessed against five sets of attributes pertaining to, (i) Access and Linkages, (ii) Symbolic Access and Outlook, (iii) Animation, (iv) Control and (v) Civility. Methodology involves interview-based surveys with the visitors and shopkeepers. Findings show a poor performance by the case studies against the criteria of evaluation. Therefore, research suggests necessary design intervention and concludes on the significance of urban design elements in extruding publicness level of public spaces. Keywords: Publicness, Public Spaces, Star Model, Urban Design, Moon Market, Barkat Market

Application of Modern Urban Landscape Design Based on Machine Learning Model to Generate Plant Landscaping

With the continuous improvement of the living standards of people, the requirements of people for the environment in which they are located are gradually increasing, which makes urban landscape design work more and more important. Plant landscaping is the core component of urban landscape design. By analyzing and discussing the application of plant landscaping in urban landscape design, the quality level of urban landscape design can be further improved, thereby promoting the sustainable development of urban construction. Machine learning makes it possible to realize the intelligent processing of data and make full use of the knowledge and value contained in the data. This paper explores the way of intelligent analysis and application based on machine learning in the field of landscape architecture. First, the k-means machine learning clustering method is used to determine the types of plant landscaping required by modern urban landscape design. Experiments show that our model can be well applied to design applications of modern urban landscapes.

Paradox of Isolation: Amsterdam's Pest Asylums and the City's Continual Modernization

In Michel Foucault's theory of disciplinary power, an intricate point that architectural historians have largely overlooked is his tracing of modern surveillance and incarceration to the seventeenth century's innovative quarantine practices. Between the 1580s and 1660s, Amsterdam experienced an unprecedented degree of morphological transformation. Pest asylums played a vital but underexamined role that was inherited from the late medieval period. Today, the urban fabric still reflects a cyclical pattern of redefining spatial interiority and exteriority, rooted in governmental interventions for purging contagions, that spans more than a half millennium. This article foregrounds the historical relationship between Amsterdam's physical growth and the planning of sites beyond the fortified municipal border for depositing contagiously ill bodies. The analysis, aimed at decentralizing the Dutch "golden age" perspective, reconnects an early modern urban design feat with both the city's monastic past and its industrial future. Among the case studies is the asylum buildings' only surviving fragment: the lazaret's entry portal structure dating to 1609. As spaces devised for a community to paradoxically eject the "outsiders" that it has fabricated, pest asylums carry a broader significance of elucidating the subjective, arbitrary, and contradictory underpinnings of public health control over time.

СОНЯЧНІ БАТАРЕЇ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ ДИЗАЙНУ СУЧАСНИХ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНИХ БУДІВЕЛЬ

The concept of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings by placing solar panels on their facades is considered. This solution is evaluated from the point of view of modern urban design, and the possibilities of increasing the energy efficiency of lighting systems of modern buildings with the use of solar panels for their power supply are determined. The implementation of a combination of power from renewable energy sources and from the stationary grid in the absence of energy storage systems (batteries) allows to create systems capable of using almost all the electricity generated by an alternative energy source. In this case, energy losses to energy transportation will be minimal. The absence of such battery systems in the designs allows to install only the design-calculated number of solar panels without the need to make a significant backup of generating capacity for its accumulation or operation in adverse weather conditions. An additional advantage of abandoning energy storage - batteries, is a significant reduction in the use of environmentally hazardous substances such as lead, lithium and acidic or alkaline electrolytes, the production of which has a negative impact on the environment, and their disposal requires additional costs. In the work, it is proposed to use cassette facade systems with built-in solar panels, which allow architects to create a modern appearance of buildings and structures. It is shown that in the absence of solar tracking systems, the reduction in generation is 23% for the case of horizontal expansion of solar panels compared to the case of the optimal angle (for Kyiv 40o) and 40% for the case of vertical installation of solar panels. The analysis indicates the possibility of creating a modern energy-efficient design of building facades, both in the design of modern buildings and in the restoration of facades of existing buildings.

Designing with ‘direct democracy’

In the 1970s and ’80s residents and architects in Amsterdam worked together to shape the renewal of their neighbourhood. Working outside traditional planning constraints they initiated a process for designing ‘neighbourhood plans’ that gave priority to affordable housing and minimized disruption to the existing social and urban design structure. Although these neighbourhood plans stood in stark contrast to prevailing political and urban planning ideas, they formed the basis on which urban renewal was realized from the middle of the 1970s. While the focus in the historiography of urban renewal is usually on politics and policy, this article provides insight into the design process itself and the ideas behind urban renewal architecture based on numerous consultation documents generated by the collaboration between local residents and architects. The Dapperbuurt area serves as an exemplary case study.
 The example of the Dapperbuurt shows that locals and architects formed energetic and effective coalitions. After the residents of the Dapperbuurt had won far-reaching control over the design process, including a say in the choice of architect, they entered into a collaboration with the architects Hans Borkent, Rob Blom van Assendelft and Hein de Haan. During the extensive consultation process the architects acted as equal discussion partners rather than all-knowing experts, while local residents provided creativity and spontaneous initiatives and had the final say. Together they designed with ‘direct democracy’. In this article those collaborative arrangements are referred to as ‘creative housing coalitions’. This term expresses both their main aim and their greatest strength. It also shows who initiated the urban renewal housing projects and how grass-roots initiatives were ultimately translated into policy.
 In the course of the design process, local residents and their architects sought creative ways of reconciling the apparent antithesis between the historically evolved city and modern architecture and urban design. Instead of taking a blank slate as their starting point, they proceeded on the basis of the qualities of the existing environment and the interests and wishes of the residents. This resulted in the retention of the existing morphology and functional diversity. However, the housing projects were on a much larger scale than the
 individual buildings that had previously made up the neighbourhood, because while the local residents were unwilling to give up their familiar living environment, they did want modern home comforts. This study has revealed that the replacement construction was required to combine the best of both worlds. In order to suggest a smaller scale, the external walls were vertically articulated, and their height demarcated by means of balconies, bay windows, hoisting beams, eaves and staggered building lines. So both contrast to and compatibility with the context are relevant criteria for evaluating urban renewal architecture. In addition, it turns out that a key merit of this urban renewal was its function, namely to deliver affordable and comfortable housing on centrally located sites with high land values. The architecture gives expression to that function.

Research on the Development Direction of Modern Urban Planning and Design under Smart City

At this stage, the overall progress of China’s urbanization process is relatively rapid, and the construction of smart cities has also received great attention. Information technology has begun to be integrated into urban development, which makes urban construction move in a new direction. In the information age, a variety of advanced technologies have brought rich elements of the times to the development of cities. This not only greatly alleviates the urban diseases highlighted by modern cities, but also speeds up the pace of urban planning and development, making planning and design solutions extremely feasible, and demonstrating the reference value of informatization to urban planning. Under the concept of smart city, how to realize scientific and reasonable modern urban planning and design is a problem that needs to be further explored. Enterprises should make the overall direction of planning and design clear and effective, and build a benign and healthy city construction based on actual conditions, keeping up with the trend of the times.

Dos Suburbios coloridos aos horizontes molhados

Nossa historiografia tem dado pouca atenção para os processos de expansão urbana de extensão das cidades na décadas de 1920 e 1930 por meio de planos feitos por profissionais nao indentificados como urbanistas, mas influenciados de alguma forma por diretrizes do urbanismo moderno. O presente texto pretende contribuir para este debate por meio da análise das intervenções urbanas realizadas na cidade de Recife durante o período 1922-1926. Elaboradas e realizadas quando o Estado de Pernambuco estava sob o governo de Sérgio Loreto e a prefeitura sob Antonio de Góes, estas intervenções dirigiram o crescimento para os subúrbios, como a urbanização de Campina do Derby, novo parque e bairro com base nos princípios de design da Garden City e a construção da avenida Boa Viagem, uma avenida costeira de cerca de cinco quilômetros, além de uma série de intervenções pontuais de modernização, retificação e pavimentação de antigos largos e praças em áreas suburbanas. Opondo-se aos padrões tipológicos das áreas centrais, adotou-se uma ocupação de casas isoladas no lote e um desenho urbano moderno. Esses trabalhos de expansão contribuíram para a estrutura urbana do Recife atual. Estas áreas também se tornaram um lugar privilegiado para observar sensibilidades modernas emergentes: esportes, competições, discursos, demonstrações de massa, passeios de carro e desfiles.

Intelligent landscape design and land planning based on neural network and wireless sensor network

From the point of view of urban landscape design objectives, techniques and evaluation, the continuous development of digital information and digital technology has a positive impact on urban landscape design. The core of landscape planning model is to explore various possibilities and determinants of landscape spatial system by changing experimental conditions or parameters.In this paper, the author analyzes the intelligent landscape design and land planning based on neural network and wireless sensor network. The digital generation and construction is through the use of relevant digital technology groups for landscape design and construction activities. Parametric design makes great changes in modern urban landscape planning and design, and has a significant impact on the concept of landscape design, the auxiliary means of design and the construction of landscape entities. It is an indispensable and important link in the process of digital landscape design. Reasonable planning and design of urban landscape can make better use of urban land resources, alleviate the waste of land resources, and optimize the use of resources.

Modern Urban Planning and Design Based on Low Carbon Economy Concept

To accelerate the development of low-carbon industry in Zhaoqing City, transform the mode of economic growth, and promote industrial transformation and upgrading, the SWOT analysis method was applied. From the four aspects of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, the feasibility of developing a low-carbon economy in Zhaoqing was systematically analyzed. From the adjustment of industrial structure, the optimization of energy structure, the promotion of low-carbon tourism, the development of circular economy, and the enhancement of carbon sink capacity, the development path of low-carbon economy was explored. Based on the above analysis, a low carbon development plan was prepared. From the implementation of low-carbon development strategy, the choice of low-carbon economy pilot, and the low-carbon economic security system, the implementation steps of Zhaoqing's low-carbon economy were discussed in detail. The results showed that the low-carbon economy concept provided some ideas for Zhaoqing's economic development. Therefore, Zhaoqing is still in its infancy. The city's transportation system is not perfect. To develop a low-carbon economy, governments, enterprises, and individuals need to participate actively.

Abstract City: The Phenomenological Basis for the Failures of Modernist Urban Design

ABSTRACTMany critics have pointed to the failures of modernist urban design, which include its obliteration of thriving neighborhoods, isolation of functions and production of alienating spaces hostile to the human form. Less focus has been placed on defining the source of the modernists’ errors. This essay argues that these errors were in part due to neglect of the nature of fully embodied experience, a neglect manifested in an overwhelmingly visual disposition in embodiment. The author argues that a visual disposition is implicated in the occlusion of place by the modern concept of abstract space. This concept of space and the visual disposition that is implicated in it undergird the utopianism and veneration for abstract forms that characterized the project of modernist urban design. The author concludes by suggesting that the basis for a humanizing urbanism should be the solicitation of all the senses in synesthetic interaction. This phenomenological critique can help us to see precisely where modernist urban design went wrong; it can also help lead us out of the false dichotomy between alienating modernism and orthodox traditionalism by establishing a basis for successful urban environments in embodiment rather than in any rigidly determined formula for urban design.

New green roof and green wall systems for implementation in the coverings

In this article, the approaches to the application of evaluation systems for green buildings to the processes of modeling and designing green infrastructure in the development of the management mechanism of the urban environment, the problems of using green roof technologies are reviewed. The implementation of new green roof and green wall systems requires the accumulation of parametric data for variability in the selection of rational decisions. This study presents new green roof and green wall technologies and describes the main device advantages compared to existing coverings. The study applied the methods of comparative analysis of various options for roofing systems, including landscaping, based on the principles of labor and time savings. The comparison is made of the various indicators of the labor intensity of the covering device, using methods of structural-functional modeling. On the graphical models the identification of the structural separate layers of the roof structure is shown, which clearly represents the variable model according to various indicators of labor intensity. This research presents the new green roof and green wall technologies for implementation in the coverings and describes the main device advantages compared to existing coverings, which designed for simple cost-effective installation and modern urban design flexibility.

Recovering the human in the urban dystopia: Mobility as détournement in Playtime

Abstract This project is a re-assessment of Jacques Tati’s Playtime that displaces the predominant view of Tati as a pantomime and comedian. Playtime instead reveals Tati’s profound engagement with modern urban design, spatial practices and critique. Tati’s film explores how the urban spaces of contemporary France represent a distinct challenge to understanding and experience. Through the singular trajectory of his famous protagonist Hulot, Tati articulates an urban wandering or flânerie that resembles what the Situationists termed as dérive, a kind of movement through the city capable of opening up new ways of seeing and experiencing urban spaces. Hulot’s dérive mobility comes to inform the way in which the camera moves as it captures Tativille. As Hulot drifts through the traffic-clogged streets, labyrinthine office buildings and glass-box apartments of Playtime’s Tativille, at stake is a mode of urban experience able to overcome urban dislocation, alienation and separation.

Spatial strategies through land-use plans, urban projects and metropolitan visions: twenty-five years of planning in Turin

Planning literature has generally presented strategic planning as an alternative to top-down land-use planning and modernist urban design. Spatial strategies have been depicted as the product of mo...

Research and Practice on New Technology for Architectural Green Environment in Cities

The importance of urban development has become a topic that has been discussed in all industries for a long time. How to make rational use of existing limited resources for redevelopment has become the primary issue in the future construction of a city. Designers have introduced green three-dimensional environmental design for a city into modern urban design. At present, Japan and South Korea focus on development of green three-dimensional environmental projects for cities, in which application of green three-dimensional building design is particularly prominent. This article learns from successful cases on urban three-dimensional environment design in Japan and Korea and makes profound discussion about how new city-model agriculture develops in China for the purpose of solving the problem of urban construction in China in the aspects of theory and Practice.

Traffic gridlock on a honeycomb city.

Inspired by an old and almost in oblivion urban plan, we report the behavior of the Biham-Middleton-Levine (BML) model-a paradigm for studying phase transitions of traffic flow-on a hypothetical city with a perfect honeycomb street network. In contrast with the original BML model on a square lattice, the same model on a honeycomb does not show any anisotropy or intermediate states, but a single continuous phase transition between free and totally congested flow, a transition that can be completely characterized by the tools of classical percolation. Although the transition occurs at a lower density than for the conventional BML, simple modifications, like randomly stopping the cars with a very small probability or increasing the traffic light periods, drives the model to perform better on honeycomb lattices. As traffic lights and disordered perturbations are inherent in real traffic, these results question the actual role of the square gridlike designs and suggest the honeycomb topology as an interesting alternative for urban planning in real cities.

Place Attachment Assessment System in Contemporary Urbanism

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the confusion on the definition of place attachment and its overlap with other related terms in landscape study. Besides a theoretical framework of place attachment was formed to help on the assessment of place attachment. This can help to underpin an understanding of the importance of place attachment in modern urban design processes and to protect such identities to form a better urban environment. Moreover, the paper propose a way to assess the place attachment via modern Virtual Reality technology, in searching for a better way to assess the term, hence helping practitioners to better identify and protect the elements that contribute to place attachment. Its guidance ability on finding place attachment elements in urban development process provides a strong practical value.

Research on the design method of China’s traditional urban planning based on large-scale landscape environment

The system of China’s traditional urban planning is different from western modern urban planning. The scientification of Chinese planning experience is the academic mission in contemporary China. Based on this perspective, this paper puts forward the concept of planning and design with large-scale landscape environment. Furthermore, this paper researches on the evolutionary process of the traditional planning, and summarizes the main ideas of its planning and design. This paper also deeply analyzes the essentials such as the overall view methods and specific vista to large-scale landscape environment, as well as the overall layout design, reveals the inherent inside and outside concepts of overall planning, the traditional wisdom on landscape environment, including “looking around”, “large-scale circumstance” and so on, the spatial pattern design method to make a natural and artificial integration, by placing important building scorresponding with the ingeniousness of large-scale natural landscape environment, and also discussed the schema expression of “scale-nonscale combinational drawing”. Finally, based on the consideration of the problems and demands of modern urban space planning and construction, this paper discusses the modern significance of the traditional urban planning and design combined with the large-scale landscape environment, from three aspects, including the inheritance in urban historical and cultural heritage protection, the development of modern urban planning and design practice, and the innovation of schema expression in China’s traditional urban planning. And explores the ways of inheritance and application in modern planning and design, in order to provide reference for the contemporary Chinese urban planning and construction.

Innovative Urban Planning Methods for the Urban Landscape Design in the Volgograd Agglomeration

The scientific study of the issues of the modern urban park design applying innovative urban planning methods is a prospective area of our scientific interests. The results of our investigations can be useful both for the theory and practice of the urban landscape design at the numerous disrupted territories of the Volgograd agglomeration. This paper considers the issues of enhancing the level of the environmental comfort of the urban development in the Volgograd agglomeration through the arrangement of new urban parks applying innovative urban planning methods for the urban landscape design. Also, there is a brief review of the global experience in the use of new technologies for the landscape ecological reconstruction and regeneration of urban areas. This confirms the possibility of creating modern landscape and urban facilities and ensuring the ecological balance of the city as a whole.

American Crossroads: General Motors' Midcentury Campaign to Promote Modernist Urban Design in Hometown U.S.A.

Norman Bel Geddes’s Futurama exhibit was a national sensation, but it was only one component of a larger effort by General Motors to promote highway-centric urban design to the citizenry of North America. Historians of architecture and planning have neglected most of this effort, focusing on the important roles of designers and governments in highway creation while downplaying the powerful voices of corporations. GM’s engagement with urbanism began in the wake of the 1933–34 Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago when it capitalized on the success of its fair exhibit by launching the Parade of Progress, a roadshow that took visions of America’s high-tech future to towns all across the continent. Millions saw this “miniature world’s fair on wheels.” The subsequent success of the Futurama in 1939 reinvigorated the parade, and several schemes were concocted to add the Futurama to the roadshow. World War II interrupted these efforts, but victory eventually brought the Parade of Progress back to the highways and byways of America, with renewed emphasis on the importance of urban demolition and highway construction for any community that hoped to enter the promised land of scientific progress. From Palm Beach to Portland, from Pasadena to Providence, the General Motors Parade of Progress spread the “gospel of research,” pleading with Americans to plow freeways through the hearts of their old-fashioned towns and embrace the car as a necessity of daily life. The dramatic rise of state support for urban and suburban highways in the mid-1950s suggests the message was heard.