Modern Urban Area Research Articles

EDITORIAL

Editorial
 Journal of Digitainability, Realism & Mastery (DREAM) is a novel multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal devoted to Management Science and Social Sciences fields. The journal is wholly owned by Fayrel Management Services (IP0570933-M). The journal publishes and circulates high-quality academic articles and industry reports that promote the better understanding of the Business Administration, Management of Technology and Innovation, Tourism Management, e-Society, Education Management, Marketing, Human Resource Management, Economic & Financial Perspectives, Behavioral Sciences, Humanities & Arts, Transportation, Sociology etc. DREAM Journal welcomes the various types of author contribution i.e., Theoretical Articles, Conceptual Articles, Empirical Articles, Systematic Literature Reviews, Perspectives, Research Notes, Book Reviews, and White Paper (Industry).
 The Thematic areas of journal are listed below:
 Digital Transformation: implemetation of technology, usability and adoption of digital tools in every sector.
 Eco-Tourism: Involving responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people.
 Sustainability: The process of living within the limits of available physical, natural and social resources in ways that allow the living systems in which humans are embedded to thrive in perpetuity.
 Management Science & Informatics: The study of the structure, behaviour, and interactions of natural and engineered computational systems.
 Social Capital: The networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively.
 Smart Cities: A smart city is a technologically modern urban area that uses different types of electronic methods, voice activation methods and sensors to collect specific data.
 Big Data Analytics: Big data analytics is the use of advanced analytic techniques against very large, diverse big data sets that include structured, semi-structured and unstructured data, from different sources, and in different sizes from terabytes to zettabytes.
 DREAM journal is projected to index in Google Scholar, MyCITE, CrossRef and DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journal). All published articles will be assigned a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for citation, indexing and higher visibility.
 
 
 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ilham Sentosa
 Editor-in-Chiefeditor@dreamjournal.my

Modernity and Leisure: The Construction of Florya Beach in Istanbul (1935-1960)

The seashore can be a place where political authorities seek to achieve social progress by offering modern performative spaces for leisure and recreational activities. After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the display of healthy bodies became particularly important for making modernity visible, and for this reason parks, dance halls, sports facilities, and beaches were promoted to a wider audience for the display of bodies in motion. This article analyzes how Florya Beach in Istanbul was reconstructed as a modern urban area, through the beach’s representations in popular media and architectural projects from 1935 until 1960. The article traces the reshaping of a part of the urban waterfront of Istanbul through the everyday life of the city’s residents, representations of the beach, the myth created around Atatürk’s summer residence, and the modernist architecture that embodied the state’s aspirations to modernization and nation-state policies on the beach.

Pervious Concrete: New Challenges in the Era of Sustainable Development

The increasing implementation of the sustainable development principles in the construction sector leads to the emergence of new concepts of urban planning and development of territories that harmoniously takes into account the environmental, social and economic indicators of construction projects. A typical modern urban area is characterized by a large area of low-permeable surfaces, which negatively affects the urban ecosystem, and at peak loads of rain runoff or flooding poses a significant threat to human health and life. Pervious concrete is a special high porosity concrete used for flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass through, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and recharging ground water levels. Pervious concrete is traditionally used in parking areas, areas with light traffic, pedestrian walkways, and greenhouses and contributes to sustainable construction. The review examines the properties and most promising applications of pervious concretes, various aspects of technical regulation, and outlines the prospects for the development of work in these areas.

Spatial reading of kampungs by using Gordon Cullen’s theory: A contemporary perspective

Contemporary perspective is to transform the theory reading of space in Asian cities, particularly to the reading of kampung in Surabaya. Kampung (urban village) are commonly read as a disorder neighbourhood located in a modern urban area. Through the perspective, analysed inside out of urban spaces, the kampungs is read not only on the physical structure but the meaning behind the use. It is compulsory to consider the three parameters of urban observation for this perspective: theoretical concept, phenomenological scope, and point of view. In this research, these observed parameters: theory of townscape by Gordon Cullen, phenomenon of public and private space in the kampung, and applying the research method of ground research. Cullen’s theory one of well known Western-centric theory is needed to be included since Asian still lack of theoretical presence. The observation of the phenomenon is to extend the theory and to read urban spaces in greater Asia including studying meaning behind the urban structure. The result of this research has shown that unfixed urban elements in the kampung create stronger sense of urban enjoyment than fixed elements. The unfixed are related to the social activities occurred that identify the fluid condition of private and public usage.

The choice of aversion of the project proposal on restoration of the cultural heritage property on the basis of multicriteria comparative analysis

With time a problem of preserving architectural heritage sites becomes more acute, since many unique listed buildings are in an emergency state and require the restoration measures that take into account the specifics of the historical environment, an analysis of the technical condition, evaluation of the monuments’ value, the possibility of their functional adaptation to modern needs. The search for solution to preserve such objects is often complicated by the development of a modern urban renovation area around them and by the difficulties of maintaining a complete historical appearance of cities when adapting listed buildings to the functions demanded in modern society. The article proposes an approach to choose the best version of the project proposal for the restoration of a cultural heritage property of regional significance. The building is designed in an eclectic style in the city of Tambov. 11 versions of the author’s project proposals for the restoration transformations are considered, which preserve the historical appearance of the building and various transformations of the internal volume and development options of the adjacent territory. 14 criteria are proposed to evaluate the qualities of versions. To select the best restoration version a scientific method of a multicriteria comparative analysis was used, which made it easy to compact a large amount of information about the object to a single quality parameter in the form of a synthetic indicator for each version. Simultaneously the weight factors of the criteria were established on the basis of expert evaluation obtained from the professional groups of various profiles: architects, representatives of the contractor, state supervisory authorities, the owner of the object, the tenant of the object.

District Cooling Application on an Existing District Heating Infrastructure: Technologies and Potential

The proposed work attempts to examine whether district cooling is a sustainable solution for cooling applications in a modern urban area where there is already a district heating system network installed. In order to make a complete and objective assessment about the aforementioned topic, the majority of factors affected by or affecting such a project is taken into consideration, namely energy, environmental, socio-political or financial issues. The analysis uses as reference system that of the district heating of the city of Kozani, Northern Greece, operating since 1993; the system uses heat produced by the nearby coal power plants. In conclusion, district cooling is assessed as a feasible and sustainable choice for Kozani with multiple benefits for the region. For example, the increase of the pipeline network lifespan by minimizing corrosion due to oxidization, the extended utilization of waste heat, the reduction of the load on the electric power network as more and more customers will shift from air-conditioners to District Cooling and the creation of a variety of either short term or long term jobs during the construction phase and during the lifetime of the installation. Moreover, a variety of suggestions is given for prospective researchers on the topic as well as proposals on the development of the project further than the pilot phase.

Research on rapid detection and control mechanism of urban traffic noise impact based on Soundplan software simulation

With the rapid development of Chinese modern urban residential area, the car ownership has increased dramatically. This leads to a phenomenon that traffic noise is increasingly endangering people’s living environment quality. Noise not only can cause tinnitus, hearing loss but also can cause cardiovascular disease. Since the 1970s, a lot of countries have established the road traffic noise simulation models based on the local actual situation, which already have been revised and perfected in the application. Based on the simulation of Soundplan software, we try to analysis the influence of road traffic noise of Zin Jin apartment in Tsinghua University and propose a set of suitable design strategy.

Climate Adaptability Construction Technology of Historic Conservation Areas: The Case Study of the Chinese–Baroque Historic Conservation Area in Harbin

In recent years, the conflict between human activities and the natural environment has led to global warming and extreme weather, which has provoked people into thinking about the climate adaptability of buildings. Historical blocks are usually built and designed based on the social environment and climatic conditions at that time; therefore, they generally contain the construction techniques relevant to dealing with the local climate. The study aims to study the microclimate characteristics of a historic conservation area in a severe cold region and to explore how it attempted to achieve climate adaptation. Taking the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area in Harbin as an example, this paper analyzed and studied the climate adaptability technology and excavated the suitable technology for the block to deal with a severe cold climate through research, field measurements, and numerical simulation. The results showed that compared with a certain modern urban area in the city, the Chinese–Baroque historic conservation area had better ability to resist wind and cold. The compact layout of the block could reduce heat loss and keep out the cold by effectively resisting the cold wind from permeating inside. Compared with the T-shaped and L-shaped courtyards, the rectangular courtyard occupies the largest proportion and a rectangular courtyard enclosed by buildings on all sides had better windbreak performance. Furthermore, when the courtyard space was enclosed by four sides and the courtyard width was the same, when the plane aspect ratio was smaller, the maximum wind speed of the inner courtyard was smaller. The squares in the block had a good performance in cold resistance. At the same scale, the higher the degree of enclosure of the square, the lower the internal wind speed. This study will provide a reference for urban planning and architectural design in severe cold regions.

New perspectives on the optimal placement of detectors for suicide bombers using metaheuristics

We consider an operational model of suicide bombing attacks—an increasingly prevalent form of terrorism—against specific targets, and the use of protective countermeasures based on the deployment of detectors over the area under threat. These detectors have to be carefully located in order to minimize the expected number of casualties or the economic damage suffered, resulting in a hard optimization problem for which different metaheuristics have been proposed. Rather than assuming random decisions by the attacker, the problem is approached by considering different models of the latter, whereby he takes informed decisions on which objective must be targeted and through which path it has to be reached based on knowledge on the importance or value of the objectives or on the defensive strategy of the defender (a scenario that can be regarded as an adversarial game). We consider four different algorithms, namely a greedy heuristic, a hill climber, tabu search and an evolutionary algorithm, and study their performance on a broad collection of problem instances trying to resemble different realistic settings such as a coastal area, a modern urban area, and the historic core of an old town. It is shown that the adversarial scenario is harder for all techniques, and that the evolutionary algorithm seems to adapt better to the complexity of the resulting search landscape.

Research on City Center Area System Identification and Environmental Renewal Strategy under the Background of Smart Cities

In this paper, combining the development of the times and the construction of smart cities, the various identification elements of the city center area system were collated and extracted while combing the morphological characteristics of the central area of the city. Moreover, after combining these identification elements, the problems to be solved in the construction environment of the modern urban center area were analyzed. Through the analysis of the content of smart city construction and integration with the organic renewal of the urban center area, a strategic discussion has been proposed, aiming at maximizing the rejuvenation of the environmental vitality of the urban center area while adapting to modern urban environmental management.

Environmental impact of electric motorcycles: Evidence from traffic noise assessment by a building-based data mining technique

This study provided new evidence on the potential adoption of electric motorcycle (EM) as a cleaner alternative to gasoline-powered motorcycle. The effects of EM on human exposure to traffic noise were assessed in different urban areas with different traffic scenarios. The assessment was carried out by a developed building-based model system that took into account the contribution of motorcycle traffic. The results indicated that the EM could be an appealing solution to reduce the risk of human exposure to excessive high traffic noise in a motorcycle city. Particularly, in a historical urban area in which the total traffic volume was lower and motorcycle traffic was dominant, the proportion of noise levels meeting the standard of 70dB(A) increased significantly from 12.2% to 41.9% when 100% of gasoline motorcycles in the real traffic scenario were replaced by EMs. On the other hand, in a modern urban area in which the total traffic volume was higher and traffic noise levels at majority of sites were higher than 75dB(A), the proportion of noise levels above 75dB(A) decreased significantly from 82.6% to 59.9%. Nevertheless, the effect of EM on improving the traffic noise compliance rate in the modern urban area was not significant and other policies or measures need to be sought.

Comparison of costs for three hypothetical alternative kitchen waste management systems.

Urban water and waste management continues to be a major challenge, with the Earth's population projected to rise to 9 billion by 2050, with 70% of this population expected to live in cities. A combined treatment of wastewater and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste offers opportunities for improved environmental protection and energy recovery, but the collection and transport of organic wastes must be cost effective. This study compares three alternative kitchen waste collection and transportation systems for a virtual modern urban area with 300,000 residents and a population density of 10,000 persons per square kilometre. Door-to-door collection, being the standard practice in modern urban centres, remains the most economically advantageous at a cost of 263 euros per tonne of kitchen waste. Important drawbacks are the difficult logistics, increased city traffic, air and noise pollution. The quieter, cleaner and more hygienic vacuum transport of kitchen waste comes with a higher cost of 367 euros per tonne, mainly resulting from a higher initial investment cost for the system installation. The third option includes the well-known use of under-sink food waste disposers (often called garbage grinders) that are connected to the kitchen's wastewater piping system, with a total yearly cost of 392 euros per tonne. Important advantages with this system are the clean operation and the current availability of a city-wide sewage conveyance pipeline system. Further research is recommended, for instance the application of a life cycle assessment approach, to more fully compare the advantages and disadvantages of each option.

«... Единственная красота — это правда, которая становится зримой» (городская скульптура как фактор конструирования этнической и гражданской идентичности в постсоветских обществах)

Author presents comparative analysis of urban sculpture in Kiev and Astana as important factors for construction of ethnical and civil identity in post-Soviet reality. Particular attention is paid to disbalance and continuity of present life with Soviet past, specifi cs and contradiction of ethno-social and cultural politics of Ukraine and
 Kazakhstan, sculpture plastics as the element of modern urban area for basic components of public conscience formation and value reference points of complex system of self-identifi cation in post-Soviet societies.

Current State of Domestic Concealed Wiring Practices in Bangalore, India

In a modernising world, building and construction trends in recent urban centres such as Bangalore, set precedence for developments in other urban centres of the country. Under such conditions, evaluating the current state of building practices could prove useful for identifying the likely nature of nationwide building trends. This paper comprises a study to evaluate the current state of domestic concealed wiring practices in the context of a modern urban centre area in India. Presently, concealed wiring is the predominant wiring method adopted for residences, both bungalows and apartments. A modern residential block in the city of Bangalore (India) was chosen as the study area. The study included extensive interaction and surveys amongst residents, professionals (architects and engineers) and site personnel (contractors and electricians). In addition, the study also included site verification on the state of wiring practices in the residential block. The study indicates that while aesthetics was the prime reason that dictated the choice of concealed wiring, its effectiveness as an appropriate and safe wiring method is severely compromised. Details of the study, results and recommendations are presented in this paper.

High-Density Macroseismic Survey in Urban Areas. Part 2: Results for the City of Rome, Italy

High-density macroseismic surveys were carried out in Rome, following both the 14 October 1997 ( M w = 5.6; I 0 = VIII MCS), and the 26 March 1998 ( M w = 5.3; I 0 = VI-VII MCS), Umbria-Marche (Central Italy) earthquakes. The aim of the work was to investigate the relationship between intensity and local geology for the modern urban area of Rome, an issue yet to be examined in contemporary times. Intensity data for both earthquakes were correlated with near-surface geology. The results show a statistically significant amplification in Holocene alluvial deposits. In particular, we found one degree of difference in MCS intensity between hard rock and recent alluvium formations. Furthermore, the distribution of the earthquake effects in alluvium-filled valleys was studied as a function of the shape ratio ( h/l ) of the alluvial basins. In the Tiber River valley, higher effects were found to be concentrated within a 150-m-wide band along the bedrock-alluvium surface contact, suggesting the occurrence of an edge effect. Surprising results were observed in the minor alluvial valleys, which displayed the strongest effects in terms of shaking. The narrowest valleys (width

Flow of Energy in an Urban Society

This article attempts to assess how a modern urban area consumes energy either directly or indirectly. One of the most important outcomes of this study is a complete picture of an urban energy system, i.e., the entire source-service fuel cycle involving the sources, transportation modes, distribution channels, and consumption pattern of all the energy carriers for a period of 10 years (1980-90) for Bangalore, a city in southern India. The study also led to a detailed end-use analysis of energy carriers, and a source-service matrix is prepared for Bangalore. The impact of energy consumption on forests, environment, transportation, and the economy as a whole is discussed here.