Modern Transportation Systems Research Articles

Classification of innovative wheelchair constructions with the option of transport via stairs

Modern transport systems are developed following universal design, considering the requirements of people with disabilities. Despite the detailed legal regulations in construction and industry, there are still many barriers, e.g., architectural barriers, making it challenging to move around in wheelchairs. Designs of wheelchairs with special capabilities provide a chance to overcome these barriers. The article aimed to present various methods of climbing stairs by wheelchairs with special abilities. The review of works was related to the research work of the scientific team from the Faculty of Transport of the Warsaw University of Technology. Against the background of other works, the author's own design solution was presented.

Electrochemical technologies for hydrogen powered vehicles

PURPOSE. Consider the electrochemical technologies used for the production of hydrogen at gas stations and the operation of hybrid electric vehicle engines on storage batteries with fuel cells. Comparative analysis of the production and use of energy by electrochemical and traditional methods in vehicles. METHODS. Based on the analysis of literature data and mathematical calculations. RESULTS. For a light electric vehicle, the calculation of the amount of electricity that can be obtained in a fuel cell by processing 1 kg of hydrogen was carried out. It has been shown that a hydrogen electric car can travel about 100 km for 1 kg of hydrogen. A comparison was made of the fuel costs for different types of automotive engines for the current market conditions in Russia and the EU countries. CONCLUSION. Hydrogen can become the environmentally friendly fuel of the future, reduce global dependence on fossil fuel resources and reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation industry. Today, green technologies have made significant progress, modern vehicles of various classes on hydrogen fuel have been developed and sold around the world, and their price characteristics are already comparable to existing traditional technologies. The advantages of electrochemical technologies for the production and use of hydrogen in the road transport sector are sufficient to make hydrogen a serious energy candidate for modern transportation systems.

Comparing Roundabouts and Signalized Intersections Through Multiple- Model Simulation

In modern transportation systems, more and more vehicles result in severe traffic congestion, affecting our daily life and modern logistics. Well-designed traffic infrastructures play an important role in implementing safe and efficient traffic systems. From subjective experience, roundabouts are more efficient than conventional signalized intersections because vehicles do not wait for traffic signals, decreasing which is the main reason for time-loss at signalized crossroads. This paper aims to further investigate the differences between intersections and roundabouts in the capacity of vehicle passing and other performance. Two scenarios with different traffic volumes are considered, including a large volume of traffic flow (2.44 vehicles per second) and a small volume of traffic flow (0.52 vehicles per second). In each scenario, we build six junction models including four intersections with different traffic light time and two roundabouts with different numbers of lanes. Multiple evaluation metrics (i.e., number of passing vehicles over time, mean speed of passing vehicles, mean number of halts per vehicle, mean time-loss per vehicle, and total time for all vehicles to pass) are considered to compare these models’ performance. Results illustrate that roundabouts have a higher capability of vehicle passing than intersections, especially for a large traffic volume. But roundabouts bring more halts per vehicle than signalized intersections when the traffic volume is large. When the volume of traffic flow is small, there is no significant efficiency difference between intersections and roundabouts. These results tend to be applied to future traffic junction designs to improve system efficiency.

Structural Batteries: A Review.

Structural power composites stand out as a possible solution to the demands of the modern transportation system of more efficient and eco-friendly vehicles. Recent studies demonstrated the possibility to realize these components endowing high-performance composites with electrochemical properties. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of the recent developments on this more and more sensitive topic. Two main technologies will be covered here: (1) the integration of commercially available lithium-ion batteries in composite structures, and (2) the fabrication of carbon fiber-based multifunctional materials. The latter will be deeply analyzed, describing how the fibers and the polymeric matrices can be synergistically combined with ionic salts and cathodic materials to manufacture monolithic structural batteries. The main challenges faced by these emerging research fields are also addressed. Among them, the maximum allowable curing cycle for the embedded configuration and the realization that highly conductive structural electrolytes for the monolithic solution are noteworthy. This work also shows an overview of the multiphysics material models developed for these studies and provides a clue for a possible alternative configuration based on solid-state electrolytes.

Phantom Traffic Jam Based on MATLAB

In recent years, many cities have formed a complete modern transportation system, but the phenomenon of “phantom traffic jam” is also frequent, the reason of which has been concerned by people. At present, much research has analyzed this phenomenon, but there are still many questions about its occurrence. Therefore, this paper makes an in-depth study and analysis of the phenomenon of “phantom traffic jam”, it can be found that the causes of this phenomenon are the bad driving habits of drivers and unreasonable road planning. In view of this situation, this paper adopts MATLAB as the analysis tool, and establishes a MATLAB traffic congestion prediction model according to the main characteristics of the phenomenon of “phantom traffic jam”. The occurrence mechanism of the phenomenon of “phantom traffic jam” has been combined and it can control the existing traffic network intelligently. According to different congestion conditions, the traffic congestion prediction model is tested separately in the form of secondary classification. It can be found that the accuracy rate of the prediction system in this paper reaches more than 90% from the test results. Therefore, the model can meet the current requirement of traffic congestion prediction.

Policy analysis for high-speed rail in China: Evolution, evaluation, and expectation

Abstract The success of HSR development can be attributed to strong policy support from the Chinese government, whose policies have various effects on HSR development due to several complex factors. This paper investigates HSR policies launched by the Chinese government based on policy text analysis. To put forward proposals for the development of HSR in China, we trace the evolution of HSR policies, compare the policy tools, and identify the prospects for HSR policy. The main results are as follows: (1) The progress of HSR development in China can be grouped into five major phases: preliminary planning, technology improvement, large-scale construction, stagnation, and going global; (2) based on our policy keywords analysis, we identify the core policy themes of HSR, which include technology development, financial support, engineering projects, and safety system; (3) regulatory policy tools are most often used, followed by information tools and economic tools. Furthermore, we investigate different types of policy tools that can be used in the four HSR policy themes; and (4) this paper proposes that future HSR policy should coordinate with other policies to construct a modern transport system, use integrated policy tools, stimulate demand-side policy, and build a policy system supporting global development.

A simulation work for generating a novel dataset to detect distributed denial of service attacks on Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork systems

Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork is a promising technology providing important facilities for modern transportation systems. It has garnered much interest from researchers studying the mitigation of attacks including distributed denial of service attacks. Machine learning techniques, which mainly rely on the quality of the datasets used, play a role in detecting many attacks with a high level of accuracy. We conducted a comprehensive literature review and found many limitations on the datasets available for distributed denial of service attacks on Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork including the following: unavailability of online versions, an absence of distributed denial of service traffic, unrepresentative of Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork, and no information regarding the network configurations. Therefore, in this article, we proposed a novel simulation technique to generate a valid dataset called Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork distributed denial of service dataset, which is dedicated to Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks. Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork distributed denial of service dataset holds information on distributed denial of service attack traffic considering Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork architecture, traffic density, attack intensity, and nodes mobility. Well-known simulation tools such as SUMO, OMNeT++, Veins, and INET were used to ensure that all the properties of Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork have been captured. We then compared Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork distributed denial of service dataset with several studies to prove its novelty and evaluated the dataset using several machine learning models. We confirmed that studied models using this dataset achieved high accuracy above 99.5% except support-vector machine that achieved 97.3%.

Conceptual Design of Electrodynamic Wheels Based on HTS Halbach Array Magnets

Maglev technologies have been extensively studied for modern transport systems; however, their main applications are limited to transportation systems with fixed tracks. On-road vehicles could have a broader outlook if combined with maglev technologies, for which electrodynamic wheels (EDWs) have provided a possible solution. Conventional EDWs are designed based on permanent magnets (PMs), which generate limited thrust and lift forces while having a low power density. In order to enhance the feasibility of EDWs in maglev vehicles, a novel design of EDWs based on high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Halbach array magnets (HAMs) has been proposed in this paper. The suggested design is made of the second generation (2G) superconducting coils, which have been modeled with the A-formulation and T-formulation based finite element methods. Simulation results show that the proposed HTS HAM EDW can generate higher thrust and lift forces, improve the magnetic flux density distribution in the airgap, and greatly reduce the weight of the magnets compared with the conventional design. This paper provides a possibility for future on-road maglev vehicles.

Adaptive collaborative optimization of traffic network signal timing based on immune-fireworks algorithm and hierarchical strategy

In contemporary urban areas, the construction speed of urban roads lags far behind the growth rate of the number of vehicles. The traffic delay caused by excessive vehicles is a major challenge for modern transportation systems. In this paper, we design an adaptive coordination traffic signal control system based on a three-level framework. In the framework, we propose a hierarchical strategy, which is helpful in avoiding possible offset conflicts and configuring the offsets reasonably. In addition, we establish a multi-intersection traffic signal control model with the goal of minimizing traffic delays. To solve the proposed model, we propose a new algorithm, called the Immune-Fireworks algorithm (IM-FWA), on the basis of the artificial immune and fireworks algorithms. Inspired by the antibody maintenance mechanism, diversity mechanism and communication mechanism of the artificial immune algorithm, IM-FWA can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the fireworks algorithm, such as its limited search range and lack of interaction among fireworks. The experiments show that the proposed model and algorithm have good practicability and that our control system can obtain a better signal timing schedule to effectively reduce traffic delays.

Trustworthiness for Transportation Ecosystems: The Blockchain Vehicle Information System

Modern transportation systems, such as computer networks, have become increasingly faster, aiming to “shorten” distances and travel time. This trend allows thinking about new services and induces to reconsider existing ones starting from new technologies, as for Intelligent Transportation Systems. Thereby, an all-encompassing scenario laying at the intersection of several domains, including manufacturing, logistics, traveling, insurance, maintenance, and trading, with the transportation one, can be envisioned. The building block for the resulting transportation ecosystem is an information system that is able to gather and connect all involved stakeholders and domains around the concept of mobility and vehicle to address complex multifaceted problems in an efficient and trustworthy way. This paper proposes the adoption of distributed ledgers to implement such a vehicle-centric information system, distributing data across the network while ensuring trustworthiness. Starting from the vehicle lifecycle immutable and certified information, new services for cross-cuttingly addressing diversity and complexity in the transportation ecosystem can be implemented. The proposed solution merges Multichain and MongoDB technologies to achieve a trade-off between trustworthiness and performance, storing only the metadata in the Multichain network. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by an example on a vehicle trading service showing an overhead for the proposed solution below 18% against a pure MongoDB one on I/O operations.

Simulation, Optimization, and Machine Learning in Sustainable Transportation Systems: Models and Applications

The need for effective freight and human transportation systems has consistently increased during the last decades, mainly due to factors such as globalization, e-commerce activities, and mobility requirements. Traditionally, transportation systems have been designed with the main goal of reducing their monetary cost while offering a specified quality of service. During the last decade, however, sustainability concepts are also being considered as a critical component of transportation systems, i.e., the environmental and social impact of transportation activities have to be taken into account when managers and policy makers design and operate modern transportation systems, whether these refer to long-distance carriers or to metropolitan areas. This paper reviews the existing work on different scientific methodologies that are being used to promote Sustainable Transportation Systems (STS), including simulation, optimization, machine learning, and fuzzy sets. This paper discusses how each of these methodologies have been employed to design and efficiently operate STS. In addition, the paper also provides a classification of common challenges, best practices, future trends, and open research lines that might be useful for both researchers and practitioners.

Critical Review of EMC Standards for the Measurement of Radiated Electromagnetic Emissions from Transit Line and Rolling Stock

Accurate and comprehensive methods for the assessment of radiated electromagnetic emissions in modern electric transportation systems are a necessity. The characteristics and susceptibility of modern victim signaling and communication radio services, operating within and outside the right-of-way, require an update of the measurement methods integrating or replacing the swept frequency technique with time domain approaches. Applicable standards are the EN 50121 (equivalent to the IEC 62236) and Urban Mass Transport Association (UMTA) with additional specifications from project contracts. This work discusses the standardized methods and settings, and the representative operating conditions, highlighting areas where improvements are possible and opportune (statistical characterization of measurement results, identification and distinction of emissions and line resonances, and narrowband and broadband phenomena). In particular for the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) assessment with new Digital Communication Systems, the characterization of time distribution of spectral properties is discussed, e.g., by means of Amplitude Probability Distribution and including time distribution information. The problem of determination of site and setup uncertainty and repeatability is also discussed, observing on one hand the lack of clear indications in standards and, on the other hand, the non-ideality and intrinsic variability of measurement conditions (e.g., rolling stock operating conditions, synchronization issues, and electric arc intermittence).

Critical Analysis and Feasibility of PRT for Gurgaon City

Without compromising the present traffic needs, a kind of transport system is required which helps in sustainable development in the present world scenario where fuel and environment have become areas of major concern for transportation. The modern transportation system must be sustainable, congestion free, accident free, fuel efficient and economical. PRT (Personal Rapid Transit) is the most recent development in public transportation and is best possible option which compiles to the above needs. PRT is a new innovative and on demand system for developed or urban transportation environments by using small, driverless, electric vehicles which run on guide ways. Its lightweight and flexible nature enables it to be retrofitted into a broad range of transportation environments. It is designed to be reliable and safety built in to ensure comfort and security of its passengers. This paper discusses how PRT is efficient in managing urban traffic and solving most of the modern traffic problems.

Model of a Sustainable Transport System on the Example of Olsztyn

The main aim of the article is to present a theoretical model of a sustainable urban transport system and to indicate the need for changes in the approach to it. The issues of sustainable development and functioning of the municipal transport system in Olsztyn discussed in the article evoke vivid social and political interests of the city's inhabitants. This is mainly due to the impact of transport operation on quality of life, the correlation of its development with the economic development of the city, and the strong impact of transport on the natural environment. Today, it is already known that a coherent and modern transport system is an indispensable element of a competitive city. Connecting the city into a functional system, it presents it as a system of interdependencies between its elements.

Autonomous and Semiautonomous Intersection Management: A Survey

Intersections are a major source of traffic delays and accidents within modern transportation systems. Compared to signalized intersection management, autonomous intersection management (AIM) coordinates the intersection crossing at an individual vehicle level, which provides additional flexibility. AIM can potentially eliminate stopping in intersection crossings due to traffic lights while maintaining a safe separation among conflicting movements. In this article, the state-of-the-art AIM research among various disciplines (e.g., traffic engineering and control engineering) is surveyed from the perspective of three hierarchical layers: corridor coordination layer, intersection management layer, and vehicle control layer. The key aspects of AIM designs are discussed in detail, including conflict detection schemes, priority rules, control centralization, computation complexity, and so on. Potential improvements for AIM evaluation with the emphasis on realistic scenarios are provided. This article serves as a comprehensive review of AIM design and provides promising directions for future research.

Short-Term Traffic Prediction With Deep Neural Networks: A Survey

In modern transportation systems, an enormous amount of traffic data is generated every day. This has led to rapid progress in short-term traffic prediction (STTP), in which deep learning methods have recently been applied. In traffic networks with complex spatiotemporal relationships, deep neural networks (DNNs) often perform well because they are capable of automatically extracting the most important features and patterns. In this study, we survey recent STTP studies applying deep networks from four perspectives. 1) We summarize input data representation methods according to the number and type of spatial and temporal dependencies involved. 2) We briefly explain a wide range of DNN techniques from the earliest networks, including Restricted Boltzmann Machines, to the most recent, including graph-based and meta-learning networks. 3) We summarize previous STTP studies in terms of the type of DNN techniques, application area, dataset and code availability, and the type of the represented spatiotemporal dependencies. 4) We compile public traffic datasets that are popular and can be used as the standard benchmarks. Finally, we suggest challenging issues and possible future research directions in STTP.

Laboratory of Emerging Transportation Systems at Chalmers University of Technology [ITS Research Lab

The modern transportation system has been undergoing a disruptive transformation driven by the fast development of a number of interactive areas, such as information and communications technology, vehicular technology, and mobility services. In past decades, not only has the way that people travel changed rapidly but also the data, tools, and methods that we use to study transportation systems. Among these, three changes are quite notable. To begin, data size and quality have been consistently advanced from an aggregated and offline paradigm to a real-time and individualized paradigm. Second, the evolving mobility options and services significantly enriched the transportation system as compared to the conventional car-centric system. Third, transportation systems increasingly interact with other urban systems such as electricity grid and communication networks, entailing a perspective of systems of systems.

Multiple-Criteria Evaluation of Thin-Walled Energy-Absorbing Structures of Train Under Fuzzy Environment: Modeling and Algorithm

High-speed train is of great significance in the modern comprehensive transportation system. Bio-inspired engineering design, with the excellent structural and mechanical properties of the biological systems, has been a widespread concern in the design of thin-walled energy-absorbing structures for high-speed trains. However, different structural characteristics have significant effects on the performance of crashworthiness and lightweight level. Collaboration matching of performance between design and operational processes considering the engineering requirements has become an urgent problem. This study constructs the finite element model of the horsetail-bionic thin-walled energy-absorbing structure, which is inspired by horsetail’s structural characteristics. An existing high-speed train is set as the empirical case. The effects of the number of cross-section configurations on the performances of crashworthiness and light level are explored under the condition of train collision. A hybrid decision-making methodology that combines fuzzy DEMATEL and TODIM is proposed. The result shows the horsetail-bionic thin-walled structure with six-floor plates is the optimal alternative considering the multiple criteria. In addition, comparison with the existing methods and sensitivity analysis are conducted to validate the reliability of this proposed approach. This study provides an effective decision support tool for crashworthiness evaluation or structural feature selection of thin-walled structures.

The history of oil transportation logistics: the experience of interaction between water and rail transport

The paper reveals the historical aspects of the use of unique schemes for the delivery of oil cargo. The authors also consider the experience of modern transport and technological systems for oil transportation, developed by the expansion of logistics tools and principles of logistic. The study of schemes for the transportation of petroleum products in polymodal transport systems in a historical context gives the idea of the uniqueness of certain methods of cargo delivery. The modern development of logistics, technologies and infrastructure in the supply of oil and cargoes demonstrate a completely different level of industrial and environmental safety.

ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГІСТИЧНА СИСТЕМА: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ТА УМОВИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ У СУЧАСНОМУ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІ

The article discusses and investigates the development trends of transport and logistics systems as one of the important elements in the organization of a business process. Based on the analysis of trends, assessment of the level of maturity and the potential effect of new solutions, the key factors influencing the development of the transport and logistics sector have been identified. The programs to improve transport and logistics systems, directions of state support and policy in the field of transport are highlighted. The assessment of promising areas of development is given and the conditions for their effective implementation in the modern business process are determined. The main principles of the functioning of the transport and logistics system are highlighted, which integrate the transport industry into the transport and logistics systems of the country by ensuring their effective interaction. The functions of the transport and logistics system that affect the efficiency of its activities at the regional level are disclosed. Modern transport and logistics systems are constantly becoming more complex and it is increasingly difficult to understand what to look for to identify key factors that affect the development of the transport and logistics industry. This issue is extremely important because the transport and logistics system is one of the most important components that ensures the economic development of the enterprise. It is the link between producers, traders and consumers. The level of satisfaction of consumer needs in quality goods and services depends on the level of transport and logistics services. Therefore, the problems of development of the transport and logistics system are relevant and deserve attention. They need to be analyzed taking into account the trends that determine them and the level of correctness of decision-making, which should correspond to the trends of the modern market. Problems of development of the transport and logistics system are relevant and deserve attention. They need to be analyzed taking into account the trends that determine them and the level of correctness of decision-making, which should correspond to the trends of the modern market.